MedWorm: Estradiol

  Interaction of eight HIV protease inhibitors with the canalicular efflux transporter ABCC2 (MRP2) in sandwich-cultured rat and human hepatocytes

In conclusion, several HIV PI showed substantial ABCC2 inhibition, which, combined with the effects of PI on other hepatobiliary disposition mechanisms, will determine the clinical relevance of these in vitro interaction data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition)

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  Prostaglandin E2 Induces CYP1B1 Expression via Ligand-Independent Activation of the ER{alpha} Pathway in Human Breast Cancer Cells

Breast cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 is a key enzyme in the metabolism of 17β-estradiol, and CYP1B1-metabolized 4-hydroxyestradiol is a marker for breast cancer. Furthermore, overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which produces prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), has been detected in invasive breast carcinomas. However, the interaction between PGE2 and CYP1B1 expression in human breast cancer is unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of PGE2 on CYP1B1 expression and its mechanism in breast cancer cells. PGE2 significantly increased CYP1B1 protein and messenger RNA expression and dose dependently enhanced CYP1B1 promoter activity in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Transient transfection with human CYP1B1 (hCYP1B1) deletion promoter construct...

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  Different methods for administering 17beta-estradiol to ovariectomized rats result in opposite effects on ischemic brain damage

Conclusions: : The results indicate that different estrogen treatment regimens result in diametrically different effects on cerebral ischemia. Thus the effects of estrogens on ischemic damage seem to be concentration-related, with a biphasic, or even more complex, dose-response relation. These findings have implications for the design of animal experiments and also have a bearing on the estrogen doses used for peri-menopausal hormone replacement therapy. (Source: BioMed Central)

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  Improved erectile function and sex hormone profiles in male Chinese recipients of kidney transplantation

Conclusions: Successful kidney transplantation can significantly ameliorate ED in Chinese patients, especially in individuals with a shorter time on dialysis. Changes in sex hormone levels may contribute to this improvement in ED. (Source: Clinical Transplantation)

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  Contrasting Effects of Increased and Decreased Dopamine Transmission on Latent Inhibition in Ovariectomized Rats and Their Modulation by 17β-Estradiol: An Animal Model of Menopausal Psychosis?

Contrasting Effects of Increased and Decreased Dopamine Transmission on Latent Inhibition in Ovariectomized Rats and Their Modulation by 17β-Estradiol: An Animal Model of Menopausal Psychosis? Neuropsychopharmacology advance online publication, March 17, 2010. doi:10.1038/npp.2010.28 Authors: Michal Arad & Ina Weiner Keywords: Animal models; Neuroendocrinology; Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences; Schizophrenia/Antipsychotics; Schizophrenia; Amphetamine; Estrogen; Latent Inhibition; Menopausal Psychosis; Antipsychotic Drugs (Source: Neuropsychopharmacology)

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  Signaling responses after exposure to 5{alpha}-dihydrotestosterone or 17{beta}-estradiol in norepinephrine-induced hypertrophy of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes

Androgens appear to enhance, whereas estrogens mitigate, cardiac hypertrophy. However, signaling pathways in cells for short (3 min) and longer term (48 h) treatment with 17β-estradiol (E2) or 5-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are understudied. We compared the effect of adrenergic stimulation by norepinephrine (NE; 1 µM) alone or in combination with DHT (10 nM) or E2 (10 nM) treatment in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) by cell area, protein synthesis, sarcomeric structure, gene expression, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated (ERK), and focal adhesion kinases (FAK), and phospho-FAK nuclear localization. NE alone elicited the expected hypertrophy and strong sarcomeric organization, and DHT alone gave a similar but more modest response, whereas E2 did not alter ce...

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  YAZ (Drospirenone And Ethinyl Estradiol) Kit [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]

Updated Date: Mar 16, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  DEPO-ESTRADIOL (Estradiol Cypionate) Injection [Pharmacia And Upjohn Company]

Updated Date: Mar 16, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Steroidal regulation of Ihh and Gli1 expression in the rat uterus

Abstract  Ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone (P4), and estradiol (E2) strictly regulate the endometrial tissue remodeling required for successful embryo implantation. Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is up-regulated by P4 and critically mediates uterine receptivity in the mouse. However, the regulation of Ihh expression during the implantation period still remains unclear. The present study was conducted to elucidate the mechanism of the steroidal regulation in the expression of Ihh and Gli1, the mediator of the Ihh pathway. Ihh mRNA was expressed in the rat uterus on 3.5–5.5 days post-coitus (dpc), while Gli1 expression transiently increased at 3.5 dpc but decreased significantly on 5.5 dpc (P < 0.001). In delayed implantation, the expression of Ihh was induce...

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  Effects of treadmill exercise training on liver fat accumulation and estrogen receptor alpha expression in intact and ovariectomized rats with or without estrogen replacement treatment

In conclusion, treadmill training alone could prevent liver fat accumulation in OVX rats and the regulation of exercise on liver ERalpha expression in both OVX and Sham rats needs the presence of physical estrogen levels. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00421-010-1426-6Authors Like Hao, Capital Institute of Physical Education 11 Beisanhuan Xi Lu, HaiDian Beijing 100088 People’s Republic of ChinaYijing Wang, Capital Institute of Physical Education 11 Beisanhuan Xi Lu, HaiDian Beijing 100088 People’s Republic of ChinaYushuang Duan, Capital Institute of Physical Education 11 Beisanhuan Xi Lu, HaiDian Beijing 100088 People’s Republic of ChinaShumin Bu, Capital Institute of Physical Education 11 Beisanhuan Xi Lu, HaiDian Beijing 100088 People’s...

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  LEENA (Norethindrone And Ethinyl Estradiol) Kit [Watson Pharma, Inc.]

Updated Date: Mar 15, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  OVCON 35 (Norethindrone And Ethinyl Estradiol) Kit [Warner Chilcott (US), LLC]

Updated Date: Mar 15, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  ZENCHENT (Norethindrone And Ethinyl Estradiol) Kit [Watson Pharma, Inc.]

Updated Date: Mar 15, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  LOESTRIN 24 FE (Norethindrone Acetate And Ethinyl Estradiol, And Ferrous Fumarate) Kit [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]

Updated Date: Mar 12, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Infants of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Have Lower Cord Blood Androstenedione and Estradiol Levels.

Conclusion: Infants of women with PCOS were more likely to be large for gestational age. Female offspring of affected women have lower cord blood A levels; other cord blood androgen levels do not differ compared with female control offspring. Cord blood E2 levels are also significantly decreased in PCOS, without any difference in the testosterone to E2 ratio, suggesting decreased fetal or placental production of steroids. PMID: 20228162 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

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  Subcellular Localization of Activated AKT in Estrogen Receptor- and Progesterone Receptor-Expressing Breast Cancers. Potential Clinical Implications.

In this study, we examined nuclear and cytoplasmic phospho-AKT (pAKT) expression by immunohistochemistry in a breast cancer tissue microarray (n = 377) with approximately 15 years follow-up and integrated these data with the expression of estrogen receptor (ER)alpha, progesterone receptor (PR), and FOXA1. Nuclear localization of pAKT (nuclear-pAKT) was associated with long-term survival (P = 0.004). Within the ERalpha+/PR+ subgroup, patients with nuclear-pAKT positivity had better survival than nuclear-pAKT-negative patients (P </= 0.05). The association of nuclear-pAKT with the ERalpha+/PR+ subgroup was validated in an independent cohort (n = 145). TCL1 family proteins regulate nuclear transport and/or activation of AKT. TCL1B is overexpressed in ERalpha-positive compared with ERalpha-...

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  Simultaneous determination of estradiol valerate and medroxyprogesterone acetate in a tablet formulation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Authors: Yilmaz B A new and simple gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method has been developed for simultaneous determination of estradiol valerate (EV) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in a tablet formulation. The validation of the proposed method was carried out for selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, limits of detection and quantification. The developed method can be used for routine quality control (QC) analysis of titled drugs in combination in tablet formulation. PMID: 20215694 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Analytical Sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry)

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  Estrogen levels act as a rheostat on p53 levels and modulate p53-dependent responses in breast cancer cell lines

Abstract  A large proportion of breast cancers expresses the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and are dependent on estrogens for their proliferation and survival. The tumor suppressor TP53 encodes the p53 protein, an important mediator of the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of several treatments used for breast cancer. A significant proportions of breast tumors (20–30%) carry mutations in TP53 gene and these mutations are associated with poor survival and poor response to several types of chemotherapeutic treatments. While there is mounting evidence for functional interactions between p53 and ERα pathways in breast and other tissues, the impact of these interactions on response to chemotherapy and anti-hormone treatments remain largely unknown. Here, using estrogen-...

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  Post-translational Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) by Estrogens in the Rat Vagina

Conclusions. These results define novel estrogen signaling mechanisms in the vagina which involve eNOS phosphorylation and eNOS[ndash]caveolin-1 interaction. Musicki B, Liu T, Strong TD, Lagoda GA, Bivalacqua TJ, and Burnett AL. Post-translational regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by estrogens in the rat vagina. J Sex Med **;**:**-**. (Source: The Journal of Sexual Medicine)

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  Effects of Koryo Hand Therapy on Serum Hormones and Menopausal Symptoms in Korean Women

Although previous studies have shown the effectiveness of Koryo hand therapy (KHT) in alleviating menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women, few studies have examined physiological data to evaluate the effect of KHT on menopausal symptoms. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of KHT on biological markers such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and self-reported symptoms. A two-group pre—post test design was used in the study. Data were collected from October 18 to December 25, 2006. The participants were 23 people in the experimental group and 21 people in the control group. The experimental group received KHT three times per week for a total of 8 weeks. Findings show that the levels of FSH and LH were significantly differe...

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  Effect of adiponectin on bovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation and embryo development

Conclusions: In bovine species, adiponectin decreased insulin-induced steroidogenesis and increased IGF-1-induced proliferation of cultured GC through a potential involvement of ERK1/2 MAPK pathway, whereas it did not modify oocyte maturation and embryo development in vitro. (Source: BioMed Central)

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  17-β-Estradiol: a powerful modulator of blood–brain barrier BCRP activity

17-β-Estradiol: a powerful modulator of blood–brain barrier BCRP activity Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism advance online publication, March 10, 2010. doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2010.36 Authors: Anika M S Hartz, Anne Mahringer, David S Miller & Björn Bauer (Source: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow)

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  ER-[beta] mediates 17 [beta]-estradiol attenuation of HIV-1 Tat-induced apoptotic signaling

The protective actions of estrogen have been well evaluated in various models of neurodegeneration. These neuroprotective mechanisms may include a direct neuronal anti-apoptotic effect as estrogen modulates actions of key regulators of the mitochondrial/intrinsic apoptotic cascade. We tested the ability of estrogen to protect against apoptotic signaling in cortical cell cultures exposed to Tat 1-86 (50nM), and additionally, whether the beneficial actions of estrogen involved an estrogen receptor sensitive mechanism. We demonstrated that estrogen pretreatment significantly delayed Tat-induced cell death in primary cortical cultures. Pretreatment with 17[beta]-estradiol (10nM) attenuated the increased expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, pro-apoptotic protein Bax and activation of cas...

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  Estrogen modulates the contribution of neuropeptide Y to baseline hindlimb blood flow control in female Sprague Dawley rats.

Authors: Jackson DN, Ellis CG, Shoemaker JK The purpose of this study was to determine the role of estrogen in NPY and Y1 receptor-mediated vascular responses in female rats. Based on earlier work from our laboratory, that female rats lacked an NPY contribution to hindlimb vascular conductance relative to males, we tested the hypothesis that estrogen modulates Y1 receptor (Y1R)-mediated hindlimb blood flow control. Thus, it was expected that ovariectomy would: 1) increase skeletal muscle Y1R expression, 2) decrease skeletal muscle Y2 receptor (Y2R) expression, 3) decrease peptidase activity, and/or 4) increase overall skeletal muscle NPY concentration. Separate groups of control (CTL), ovariectomized (OVX) and OVX + 17beta-estradiol replacement (OVX+E2; 21 day pellet) rats were studied...

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  ESTRACE (Estradiol) Tablet [Warner Chilcott (US), LLC]

Updated Date: Mar 9, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Heterotopic autotransplantation of ovarian cortex in cynomolgus monkeys

In recent years, removal of ova or ovaries before chemotherapy or radiation therapy has been investigated in young female cancer patients to avoid the adverse effects of treatment. Orthotopic autotransplantation of ovarian cortex has advantages such as easy collection of ova and the possibility of spontaneous pregnancy. Although children have been born after successful orthotopic autotransplantation into the residual ovaries, some patients cannot undergo this procedure such as those who need bilateral ovariectomy or pelvic radiation therapy, therefore it is still necessary to investigate suitable heterotopic autotransplantation sites. The present study was performed in primates (cynomolgus monkeys) with the objective of determining the optimum site for heterotopic autotransplantation of ov...

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  Intratumoral Estrogen Disposition in Breast Cancer.

CONCLUSION: Uptake due to binding to the ER, rather than intratumoral estrogen synthesis by aromatase or sulfatase, is the single most important correlate and a probable determinant of intratumoral E(2). An increased expression of HSD17B7 may explain the increased ratio of E(2) to estrone (E(1)) in breast tumors compared with normal tissue. Clin Cancer Res; 16(6); 1790-801. PMID: 20215536 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Cancer Research)

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  Electrical and Morphological Characteristics of Anteroventral Periventricular Nucleus Kisspeptin and Other Neurons in the Female Mouse.

Authors: Ducret E, Gaidamaka G, Herbison AE Neurons in the rodent anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) play a key role in integrating circadian and gonadal steroid hormone information in the control of fertility. In particular, estradiol-sensitive kisspeptin neurons located in the AVPV, and adjacent structures [together termed the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V)], are critical for puberty onset and the preovulatory LH surge. The present study aimed to establish the morphological and electrical firing characteristics of RP3V neurons, including kisspeptin neurons, in the adult female mouse. Cell-attached electrical recordings, followed by juxtacellular dye filling, of 129 RP3V neurons in the acute brain slice preparation revealed these cells to exhibit ...

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  Removal of estrone, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, and 17ss-estradiol in algae and duckweed-based wastewater treatment systems.

CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that estrogens, E1, E2, and EE2, can be effectively removed from the continuous-flow algae and duckweed ponds even when their concentrations are at nanograms per liter level. The presence of algae and duckweed accelerate the removal of estrogens from the synthetic wastewater because estrogens can be quickly sorbed on duckweed or algae. The sorbed estrogens are subsequently degraded by microorganisms, algae, or duckweed in the wastewater treatment system. E1 and E2 are interconvertible in both duckweed and algae pond systems. E2 can be readily transformed to E1, especially in the tests with algae. RECOMMENDATION AND PERSPECTIVES: Based on the tests performed so far, one can conclude that both sorption and biodegradation are important to the estrogens removal fr...

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  Plasma estradiol link to gene expression in ER-positive breast cancers

Plasma estradiol levels are associated with estrogen-responsive gene expression in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers, study findings indicate. (Source: MedWire News - Oncology)

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  Plasma estradiol link to gene expression in ER-positive breast cancers

Plasma estradiol levels are associated with estrogen-responsive gene expression in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers, study findings indicate. (Source: MedWire News - Breast Cancer)

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  Study on Environmental Estrogen Pollution in Yangtze River (Nanjing Section) by an In Vivo Bioassay.

Authors: Song WT, Lu GH, Wang C, Zhang HZ, Xu S, Qin J Estrogenic activities and main causative fractions in three representative sections of Yangtze River (Nanjing section) were determined. The results showed that significant vitellogenin (VTG) and 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) induction and gonad atrophy were observed. Estradiol equivalents of actual water samples from Jiangxinzhou section, Sanchahe section and Daqiao section were 0.3651, 0.1301 and 0.5060 ng L(-1), respectively. Polar contaminants were responsible for the estrogenic activities in Jiangxinzhou section and Daqiao section while mid-polar and nonpolar contaminants resulted in majority of the estrogenic activity in Sanchahe section. To Jiangxinzhou section, Sanchahe section and Daqiao section, good positive correlations betwee...

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  Screening of ovarian steroidogenic pathway in Ciona intestinalis and its modulation after tributyltin exposure.

In this study, we have identified several ovarian steroids in Ciona with high similarity to vertebrate steroids and showed that cholesterol, corticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, estrone, estradiol-17beta, testosterone, pregnenolone, progesterone, have identical molecular spectra with vertebrate steroids. In addition, we have studied the effects of an endocrine disruptor (tributyltin: TBT) on these sex hormones and their precursors, ovarian morphology, and gene expression of some key enzymes in steroidogenic pathway in the ovary of Ciona. Ovarian specimens were cultured in vitro using different concentrations of TBT (10(-5), 10(-4) and 10(-3) M). Ethanol was used as solvent control. Gene expression analysis was performed for adrenodoxin (ADREN) and adrenodoxin reductase (ADOX) (mediators...

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  Modulatory Effect of Raloxifene and Estrogen on the Metabolic Action of Growth Hormone in Hypopituitary Women.

Conclusions: The modulatory effects of E2 and R at therapeutic doses on GH action are different. R during GH therapy exerts a greater inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation and protein anabolism compared to E2. PMID: 20207825 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

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  17beta-estradiol induces up-regulation of PTEN and PPARgamma in leiomyoma cells, but not in normal cells.

This report shows the first evidence that PTEN and PPARgamma are up-regulated in leiomyoma tissues, and estrogen stimulates expression of PTEN and PPARgamma in leiomyoma cells, but not in normal cells. PMID: 20198337 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Oncology)

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  Effect of Endogenous Androgens on 17β-Estradiol-Mediated Protection after Spinal Cord Injury in Male Rats

Journal of Neurotrauma , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Journal of Neurotrauma)

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  Mechanisms of epigenetic silencing of the Rassf1a gene during estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis in ACI rats

In conclusion, we demonstrate that epigenetic alterations precede formation of preneoplastic lesions indicating the significance of epigenetic events in induction of oncogenic pathways in early stages of carcinogenesis. (Source: Carcinogenesis)

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  Protective effect of isoflavones against homocysteine-mediated neuronal degeneration in SH-SY5Y cells.

Authors: Park YJ, Jang Y, Kwon YH Previously, we reported that isoflavones exert a protective effect against the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated neuronal degeneration, and ER stress-mediated homocysteine toxicity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effects of isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) against homocysteine-mediated neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The treatment of cells with either 17beta-estradiol or isoflavones significantly protected the cells against homocysteine-mediated apoptosis. Isoflavones repressed homocysteine-mediated ER stress, reflected in the reduced expression of the immunoglobin heavy chain-binding protein mRNA, spliced X-box-protein-1 mRNA and the phos...

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  Involvement of insulin-like growth factor-I for the regulation of prolactin synthesis by estrogen and postnatal proliferation of lactotrophs in the mouse anterior pituitary

Abstract  Estradiol (E2) stimulates not only secretion of prolactin (PRL) and proliferation of PRL-producing cells (PRL cells) in the anterior pituitary, but also the expression of growth factors. In insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) knockout (KO) mice, the number of PRL cells is decreased and administration of IGF-I does not increase either the number of PRL cells or plasma PRL levels, indicating that IGF-I plays a pivotal role in PRL cells. The effect of E2 on PRL cells in KO mice was investigated by immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. The number of PRL cells in KO mice was significantly lower than in the wild-type (WT) control mice. E2 increased the PRL mRNA in WT and KO mice; however, an increase of PRL mRNA in KO was less than that in WT. In addition, no vaso...

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  Effect of menstrual cycle phase on sprinting performance

This study examined the effects of menstrual cycle phase (MCP) upon sprinting and recovery as well as upon metabolic responses to such exercise. Eight females performed a repeated 30-s sprint on a non-motorised treadmill interspersed with a 2-min rest in three phases of the MCP, follicular (low 17β-estradiol and progesterone), just prior to ovulation (midcycle trial, highest 17β-estradiol concentration and low progesterone) and in the luteal phase (high 17β-estradiol and high progesterone). MCP was verified later by radioimmunoassay of 17β-estradiol and progesterone. Peak power output (PPO) and mean power output (MPO) were unaltered (P > 0.05) due to MCP [PPO for sprint 1: 463 (18) W vs. 443 (15) W vs. 449 (18) W; PPO for sprint 2: 395 (17) W vs. 3...

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  Estrogenic effects of the herbal formula, menoprogen, in ovariectomized rats.

Authors: Ma H, Chung MH, Lu Y, Nishihara T, Hattori M Despite the health risks for postmenopausal women, the indications and ideal candidates for hormone replacement therapy remain unclear. The present study used ovariectomized rats to examine the safety and effects of the Chinese herbal formula Menoprogen (MPG), which is prescribed for menopausal syndrome. Daily oral MPG (1000 mg/kg body weight) for 2 weeks significantly recovered uterine and adrenal gland atrophy and restored serum estradiol, estrone and progesterone levels that were decreased in rats by bilateral ovariectomy. However, yeast two-hybrid and nuclear receptor cofactor assays showed that MPG did not bind estrogen receptors alpha (ERalpha) and beta, and immunohistochemical staining revealed that unlike 17beta-estradiol, M...

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  Development of an automated synthesis system for preparation of glucuronides using a solid-phase extraction column loaded with microsomes.

Authors: Kashima Y, Kitade T, Kashima Y, Okabayashi Y An automated synthesis system using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) system and column packed with octadecylsilica (ODS), which was coated with phospholipid and loaded with dog liver microsomes, was developed for synthesis of glucuronides. Preparation of the microsome-immobilized SPE column, glucuronidation of drugs to synthesize the glucuronides and elution of the products were performed by an automated synthesis system. The phospholipid-coated SPE column and then the microsome-immobilized SPE column were readily prepared by allowing a solution containing L-alpha-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine to flow through the SPE column, and then by recycling a buffer solution containing dog liver microsomes through the resulting phospholipid-coa...

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  Dietary glycemic index and load in relation to risk of uterine leiomyomata in the Black Women's Health Study.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that high dietary GI and GL may be associated with an increased UL risk in some women. The observed associations warrant investigation in future studies. PMID: 20200259 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

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  Cross-talk between non-genomic and genomic signalling pathways - distinct effect profiles of environmental estrogens.

Authors: Silva E, Kabil A, Kortenkamp A Estrogen receptor (ER) transcriptional cross-talk after activation by 17beta-estradiol (E2) has been studied in considerable detail, but comparatively little is known about the ways in which synthetic estrogen-like chemicals, so-called xenoestrogens, interfere with these signalling pathways. E2 can stimulate rapid, non-genomic signalling events, such as activation of the Src/Ras/Erk signalling pathway. We investigated how activation of this pathway by E2, the estrogenic environmental contaminants o,p'-DDT, beta-HCH and p,p'-DDE, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) influences the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) target genes, such as TFF1, ER, PR, BRCA1 and CCND1, and the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Despite commonalities in their estro...

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  BDNF variant Val66Met interacts with estrous cycle in the control of hippocampal function [Neuroscience]

Natural fluctuations in circulating estradiol are associated with behavioral changes, including severe disturbances in mood and cognition in some women.... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

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  Relevance of serum estradiol and estrogen receptor beta expression from a high-incidence area for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China

This study indicates that lower serum level of estradiol may represent higher predisposition for development of ESCC, and ERβ expression and/or nuclear location may predict better outcome for patients with ESCC. The present results provide clues to explain the striking gender difference for ESCC, which warrants further investigations on potential applications of estrogen or analogs in prevention of ESCC. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original paperDOI 10.1007/s12032-010-9457-8Authors Qi-Ming Wang, Zhengzhou University Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital 450052 Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of ChinaYi-Jun Qi, Henan University Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine 475000 Kaifeng, Henan Peop...

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  Estradiol therapy in adulthood reverses glial and neuronal alterations caused by perinatal asphyxia.

In this study we have assessed the effect of estradiol therapy in adulthood on chronic glial and neuronal alterations caused by perinatal asphyxia (PA) in rats. Four-month old male Sprague-Dawley rats submitted to PA just after delivery, and their control littermates, were injected for 3 consecutive days with 17beta estradiol or vehicle. Animals subjected to PA and treated with vehicle showed an increased astrogliosis, focal swelling and fragmented appearance of MAP-2 immunoreactive dendrites, decreased MAP-2 immunoreactivity and decreased phosphorylation of high and medium molecular weight neurofilaments in the hippocampus, compared to control animals. Estradiol therapy reversed these alterations. These findings indicate that estradiol is able to reduce, in adult animals, chronic reactive...

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  YASMIN (Drospirenone And Ethinyl Estradiol) Kit [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]

Updated Date: Mar 1, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  VIVELLE DOT (Estradiol) Patch, Extended Release [Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation]

Updated Date: Mar 1, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Functional Significance of Nuclear Estrogen Receptor Subtypes in the Liver of Goldfish.

Authors: Nelson ER, Habibi HR Estrogens work by binding to and activating specific estrogen receptors (ERs). Although mammals have two major nuclear ER subtypes (ERalpha and ERbeta), three subtypes have been shown in teleost fish (ERalpha, ERbeta-I, and ERbeta-II). 17beta-Estradiol stimulates the production of an egg yolk precursor protein (vitellogenin) in the liver of oviparous species, including the goldfish. However, the functional involvement of the ER subtypes in this process is not fully understood. Here, using primary goldfish hepatocytes, we test the hypothesis that all three ER subtypes are functionally involved in the liver of goldfish by using RNA interference to specifically knock-down the different ER subtypes. The results suggest that ERalpha is induced by estradiol thro...

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  Aromatase Deficiency Inhibits the Permeability Transition in Mouse Liver Mitochondria.

Authors: Moro L, Arbini AA, Hsieh JT, Ford J, Simpson ER, Hajibeigi A, Oz OK Lack of estrogens affects male physiology in a number of ways, including severe changes in liver metabolism that result in lipid accumulation and massive hepatic steatosis. Here we investigated whether estrogen deficiency may alter the functionality and permeability properties of liver mitochondria using, as an experimental model, aromatase knockout (ArKO) male mice, which cannot synthesize endogenous estrogens due to a disruption of the Cyp19 gene. Liver mitochondria isolated from ArKO mice displayed increased activity of the mitochondrial respiratory complex IV compared with wild-type mice and were less prone to undergo cyclosporin A-sensitive mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) induced by calcium lo...

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  2-methoxyestradiol induce the conversion of human peripheral blood memory B lymphocytes into plasma cells.

Authors: Cayer MP, Drouin M, Proulx M, Jung D 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME), an end-metabolite of 17beta-estradiol, is an antiproliferative agent that is currently being tested in clinical trials for cancer treatment. We hereby report that sub-cytotoxic concentrations of 2ME influences the in vitro proliferation of human peripheral blood B lymphocytes. More surprisingly, we have observed that 2ME induces the conversion of CD138(-) B lymphocytes into CD138(+) cells of phenotype similar to immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting plasma cells. Normal human B lymphocytes expressing CD138 increased in response to 2ME in a dose-dependant fashion, from 2% at baseline up to 31% in cells cultured in the presence of 0.75microM 2ME. Moreover, most of the converted cells were also CD27(+) and secreted high level...

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  Genetic variation in CYP11A1 and StAR in relation to endometrial cancer risk.

CONCLUSIONS.: Genetic variants in CYP11A1 may influence endometrial cancer risk or may be markers for causal variants elsewhere. Polymorphisms in StAR are not associated with endometrial cancer risk, but further research is needed. PMID: 20199803 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

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  Invited commentary

Sexual steroid hormones are known to influence the endothelial function of blood vessels. Several studies have shown an association between increased levels of estradiol and varicose veins in women. Also, the effect of pregnancy in the diameter of the veins and the development of reflux and varicose veins has been demonstrated. Until the current study, few reports suggested a possible association between sexual steroid hormones and varicose veins in males. The important finding in this report is that estradiol and testosterone serum levels were higher in refluxing veins of the lower extremities when compared to those from the arm veins of the same patients. It is also interesting that the serum levels of estradiol and testosterone were significantly higher in lower extremities than the upp...

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  Study: Vaginal Estrogen Ups Serum Estradiol

Major Finding: Twelve hours post insertion, users of vaginal estradiol tablets had average serum estradiol levels of 76 pmol/L, up from an average of 4.7 pmol/L. (Source: Ob.Gyn. News)

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  OC Reduced Heavy, Prolonged Menstrual Bleeding in Study

Major Finding: Complete resolution of abnormal menstrual symptoms was achieved in 44% of those receiving an oral contraceptive containing estradiol valerate/dienogest vs. 4% of those given placebo. (Source: Ob.Gyn. News)

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  Vaginal Estrogen Increases Serum Estradiol

SAN ANTONIO — Vaginal estrogens for treatment of atrophic vaginitis result in significant systemic absorption, leading to increased serum estradiol levels that are of concern in breast cancer survivors, a study indicates. (Source: Family Practice News)

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  Relationship between the Monoamine, Progesterone and Estradiol Content in Follicular Fluid of Preovulatory Graafian Follicles after Superovulation Treatment

Gynecol Obstet Invest 1993;35:232-235 (DOI:10.1159/000292706) (Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation)

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  E-screen and vitellogenin assay for the detection of the estrogenic activity of alkylphenols and trace elements.

Authors: Isidori M, Cangiano M, Palermo FA, Parrella A The estrogenic potential of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), 4-octylphenol (4-OP), p-t-octylphenol (p-t-OP) and three trace elements, lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd(NO(3))(2) and CdCl(2)), were compared in two different tests, a proliferation assay with estrogen receptor-positive human MCF-7 breast cancer cells (E-screen) and the induction of vitellogenin (Vtg) in juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus). The results showed differences in the bioassays sensitivity and potency with the following order: E-screen > Vtg. Among alkylphenols, both in vitro and in vivo, 4-NP and 4-OP showed the highest estrogen-like activity while p-t-OP was inferior. For trace elements, Pb and Cu showed estrogenic activity in vitro and they were also active...

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  Effect of high soy diet on the cerebrovasculature and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the ovariectomized rat.

Authors: Schreihofer DA, Deutsch C, Lovekamp-Swan T, Sullivan JC, Dorrance AM High soy (HS) diets are neuroprotective and promote vascular dilatation in the periphery. We hypothesized that a HS diet would promote vascular dilatation in the cerebrovasculature by mimicking estradiol's actions on the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) system including increasing eNOS expression and decreasing caveolin-1 expression to increase nitric oxide (NO) production. Ovariectomized rats were fed HS or a soy-free diet (SF)+/-low physiological estradiol (E2) for 4weeks. Neither E2 nor HS altered middle cerebral artery (MCA) structure or vascular responses to acetylcholine, serotonin, or phenylephrine. Estradiol enhanced bradykinin-induced relaxation in an eNOS-dependent manner. Although E2 and HS...

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  The effect of eurycoma longifolia jack on spermatogenesis in estrogen-treated rats

CONCLUSIONS: EL extract acts as a potential agent for reversing the effects of estrogen by increasing spermatogenesis and sperm counts in rats after fourteen consecutive days of treatment. (Source: Clinics)

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  Investigations on the estrogenic activity of the metallohormone cadmium in the rat intestine.

Authors: Höfer N, Diel P, Wittsiepe J, Wilhelm M, Kluxen FM, Degen GH Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal and an important environmental pollutant, is now also regarded as potential endocrine disruptor. Its estrogenic effects have been examined so far just in classical target tissues, e.g. uterus, and mostly upon intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of CdCl(2). Yet, estrogen receptors are also expressed in the gut, and food is the main source of cadmium intake in the general population. Therefore, possible estrogenic effects were now investigated in the intestine of ovariectomized Wistar rats after oral short- and long-term administration of CdCl(2) (0.05-4 mg/kg bw on 3 days by gavage and 0.4-9 mg/kg bw for 4 weeks in drinking water) or upon i.p. injection (0.00005-2 mg CdCl(2)/kg bw),...

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  Exposure to 17alpha-ethinyl estradiol impairs courtship and aggressive behaviour of male sand gobies (Pomatoschistus minutus).

Authors: Saaristo M, Craft JA, Lehtonen KK, Lindström K Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), natural or manmade, are known to interfere with the endocrinology of organisms and also cause behavioural changes. The aim of this study was to test how 1-4weeks exposure to 17alpha-ethinyl estradiol (EE2, 11ngL(-1)) affects nest building, courtship and aggressive behaviour of male fish. Our study species, the sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus) exhibits a polygynous mating system, in which males compete for females and defend their nest against intruders. Nest takeovers are common in their nest-constrained habitat. In our experiment, control and EE2-exposed males were first allowed to build a nest and mate with non-exposed females. When the males had received eggs in their nest, three ri...

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  Efficacy of exemestane, a new generation of aromatase inhibitor, on sex differentiation in a gonochoristic fish.

We report the first use of exemestane (EM), a steroidal aromatase inhibitor (AI) commercially known as aromasin, in studies of sex differentiation in fish. The effectiveness of EM was examined in two different age groups of the gonochoristic fish, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Untreated control fish (all female) showed normal ovarian differentiation through 120days after hatching (dah), whereas fish treated with EM at 1000 and 2000microg/g of feed from 9 dah through 35 dah, the critical period for sex differentiation, exhibited complete testicular differentiation; all stages of spermatogenic germ cells were evident and well developed efferent ducts were present. Fish treated with EM at 1000microg/g of feed from 70dah through 100dah significantly suppressed plasma estradiol-17beta l...

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  Effects of 17beta-estradiol on expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes and estrogen receptor alpha in rat hippocampus.

In conclusion, the present results provide evidence that 17beta-estradiol regulates the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes and estrogen receptor alpha. The immediate replacement with estrogen seems critical to restore the expression of these receptors after hormonal deprivation. The understanding of the regulation of expression and intracellular signaling of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M(1) and the estrogen receptor alpha may be helpful to elucidate the mechanisms involved in changes of cognitive function in postmenopausal women and in neurodegenerative diseases. PMID: 20193677 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Pharmacology)

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  Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1) promotes cell survival and proliferation of prostate epithelial cells.

Authors: Schmidt M, Asirvatham AJ, Chaudhary J Id1 (inhibitor of differentiation 1) is a member of the bHLH protein family. Consistent with its role in promoting proliferation and inhibiting differentiation, Id1 expression is low or negligible in normal prostate epithelial cells but is high in prostate cancer. Ectopic expression of Id1 in normal prostate epithelial cells could therefore provide a model for understanding early events involved in initiation of prostate cancer. Over-expression of Id1 immortalized but did not transform ventral prostate epithelial cells (Id1-RPE). Immortalization was associated with decreased Cdkn2a, Cdkn1a, androgen receptor and increased Tert expression. Gene expression profiling over successive doublings was used to identify transcriptomic changes involv...

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  Relationship Between Plasma Estradiol Levels and Estrogen-Responsive Gene Expression in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women [Breast Cancer]

Conclusion Plasma E2 levels are significantly associated with gene expression of ER-positive breast cancers and should be considered in future genomic studies of ER-positive breast cancer. The AvERG is a new experimental tool for the study of putative estrogenic stimuli of breast cancer. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

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  Uterine and fetal blood flow indexes and fetal growth assessment after chronic estrogen suppression in the second half of baboon pregnancy

This study tested the hypothesis that chronically suppressing endogenous estrogen production during the second half of baboon pregnancy alters uterine and fetal blood flow dynamics assessed by ultrasonography. Pregnant baboons were untreated or treated daily with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole or letrozole plus estradiol on days 100–160 of gestation (term = 184 days). Blood flow dynamics were determined by Doppler ultrasonography on day 60 and longitudinally between days 110 and 160 of gestation. Letrozole decreased maternal serum estradiol and estrone concentrations by 95% (P < 0.001). Fetal growth biometrical parameters increased (P < 0.001) between days 110 and 160 of gestation and were similar in untreated and letrozole-treated animals. Uterine, umbilical, and fetal midd...

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  ESTROGEL (Estradiol) Gel, Metered [ASCEND Therapeutics, Inc.]

Updated Date: Feb 24, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Changes in markers of ovarian reserve and endocrine function in young women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy

The objective of the current study was to assess levels of mullerian inhibitory substance (MIS), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and menstrual status, in women undergoing chemotherapy.A nested prospective cohort study was conducted in women aged .05). Serum MIS decreased significantly at 6 weeks and remained suppressed for 52 weeks. E2 levels decreased, and FSH levels increased during chemotherapy; however, at 52 weeks, the levels returned to baseline. At 52 weeks, only 1 patient had MIS above the lower normal range, 15 had return of menstrual function, 11 had premenopausal levels of FSH, and 13 had follicular phase levels of E2. In women aged 35 years, 50% were amenorrheic. Amenorrheic and menstruating women were found to have similar MIS values at baseline and follow-...

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  Early stages of implantation as revealed by an in vitro model.

Authors: Singh H, Nardo L, Kimber SJ, Aplin JD Our limited understanding of the processes underlying steroid hormonal control of human endometrial receptivity is largely due to the lack of a relevant model system. To overcome scarcity of material, we have developed a model in which mouse embryos attach to human Ishikawa cells, which express functional steroid hormone receptors. Blastocysts flushed from day 4 pregnant superovulated mice were transferred to confluent Ishikawa cell monolayers. After 48h of co-culture, 85% of blastocysts had attached loosely, but only 40% attached stably to the epithelial cell surface. In contrast, 95% of embryos attached stably to tissue culture plastic. Thus weak attachment of a majority of embryos was followed by stronger adhesion of a smaller proportio...

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  Effects of 17ß-Estradiol on the Cytotoxicity of Etoposide in a Lung Carcinoma Cell Line and Its Bioavailability in Ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley Rats

Chemotherapy 2010;56:32–38 (DOI:10.1159/000287354) (Source: Chemotherapy)

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  17{beta}-Estradiol modulates the macrophage migration inhibitory factor secretory pathway by regulating ABCA1 expression in human first-trimester placenta.

Authors: Ietta F, Bechi N, Romagnoli R, Bhattacharjee J, Realacci M, Di Vito M, Ferretti C, Paulesu L Successful pregnancy involves a series of events, most of them mediated by hormones and cytokines. Estrogens, besides being important for placental growth and embryo development, have a marked effect on the immune system exerting either pro- or anti-inflammatory properties. Numerous studies suggest that estrogens directly affect cellular function, including cytokine production. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in pregnancy, particularly during the earlier stages of placentation. Since reports on mice have shown that estrogens modulate MIF, herein we investigated the effect of estrogens on human placental MIF. By using an in vitro model...

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  Proatherogenic effects of estradiol in a model of accelerated atherosclerosis in ovariectomized ApoE-deficient mice

Abstract  Clinical studies revealed unfavorable effects of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women despite strong evidence for vasoprotective effects of estrogen in animal models. Therefore, an attempt was made to address adverse effects of estradiol on atherosclerosis, endothelial function, and thrombosis in a murine model of atherosclerosis. ApoE−/− mice were bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX) and substituted with placebo or 17-β-Estradiol (E2, 1.1 and 6.6 μg/day) on Western diet for 90 days. Low-dose E2 (1.1 μg/day) treatment significantly increased atherosclerotic plaque score, whereas high-dose E2 (6.6 μg/day) reduced aortic plaque burden. The proatherosclerotic effects of low-dose E2 were associated with decreased total collagen in ao...

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  Testosterone treatment of HSDD in naturally menopausal women: the ADORE study.

Conclusions TTP was effective in treating HSDD and improving sexual function in this study of naturally menopausal women with and without concurrent hormone therapy. PMID: 20166859 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Climacteric)

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  Gender differences in the cardiovascular effects of sex hormones

Over the last decade, compelling evidence supports the idea that the different impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the differences in vascular biology in men and women may be, at least in part, related to the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of sex steroid hormones. Indeed, androgens and oestrogens influence a multitude of vascular biological processes and their cardiovascular effects are multifaceted. While in women the effects of androgens mainly depend upon oestrogens' levels and, ultimately, upon the estradiol/testosterone ratio, the effects of androgens in men mostly relate to their aromatization into oestrogens. Oestrogens exert potential beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system in both sexes. In women, the effect of oestrogens, alone or in association with progesti...

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  Relationships between serum adiponectin, leptin concentrations and bone mineral density, and bone biochemical markers in Chinese women.

CONCLUSIONS: Adiponectin was an independent predictor of BMD, and positively correlated with bone turnover biochemical markers in postmenopausal Chinese women, but not premenopausal women. It suggested that adiponectin may exert a negative effect on bone mass by promoting excessive bone resorption associated with bone loss. However, these effects may be mediated by menopausal status. PMID: 20184866 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Clinical Chemistry)

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  Mice lacking Mrp1 have reduced testicular steroid hormone levels and alterations in steroid biosynthetic enzymes.

Authors: Sivils JC, Gonzalez I, Bain LJ The multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is a member of the ABC active transporter family that can transport several steroid hormone conjugates, including 17beta-estradiol glucuronide, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and estrone 3-sulfate. The present study investigated the role that MRP1 plays in maintaining proper hormone levels in the serum and testes. Serum and testicular steroid hormone levels were examined in both wild-type mice and Mrp1 null mice. Serum testosterone levels were reduced 5-fold in mice lacking Mrp1, while testicular androstenedione, testosterone, estradiol, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were significantly reduced by 1.7- to 4.5-fold in Mrp1 knockout mice. Investigating the mechanisms responsible...

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  17{beta}-Estradiol modulates the macrophage migration inhibitory factor secretory pathway by regulating ABCA1 expression in human first-trimester placenta

Successful pregnancy involves a series of events, most of them mediated by hormones and cytokines. Estrogens, besides being important for placental growth and embryo development, have a marked effect on the immune system exerting either pro- or anti-inflammatory properties. Numerous studies suggest that estrogens directly affect cellular function, including cytokine production. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in pregnancy, particularly during the earlier stages of placentation. Since reports on mice have shown that estrogens modulate MIF, herein we investigated the effect of estrogens on human placental MIF. By using an in vitro model of first-trimester chorionic villous explants, we found that 17β-estradiol (E2) was able to modulate...

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  Beneficial effects of β-Ecdysone on the joint, epiphyseal cartilage tissue and trabecular bone in ovariectomized rats

Abstract: Ecdysteroids are steroids found in invertebrates and plants. In mammals they have protein anabolic effects. We have recently published antiosteoporotic effects of Tinospora cordifolia (TC) extract and the search for the possible active ingredients yielded the presence of β-Ecdysone (Ecd). Therefore, we investigated the effects of pure Ecd in ovariectomized rats on morphological changes in joint, epiphyseal cartilage and trabecular tissue. Following ovariectomy rats were fed for 1 month with Ecd containing food at a dose of 52.8mg/day/animal. Positive and negative control animals received 17-β Estradiol (E2, 132μg/day/animal) and soy free (sf) food respectively. At sacrifice, specimens consisting of upper tibiae-lower femurs and knee joint were harvested and processed for histo...

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  Effect of Polymorphisms in Selected Genes Involved in Pituitary-Testicular Function on Reproductive Hormones and Phenotype in Aging Men.

Conclusion: In aging men, polymorphisms in genes related to the pituitary-testicular endocrine function significantly influence circulating LH, testosterone, and estradiol levels, but the downstream effects may be too small to influence secondary phenotypic parameters. PMID: 20173016 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

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  Female Mice Expressing Constitutively Active Mutants of FSH Receptor Present with a Phenotype of Premature Follicle Depletion and Estrogen Excess.

Authors: Peltoketo H, Strauss L, Karjalainen R, Zhang M, Stamp GW, Segaloff DL, Poutanen M, Huhtaniemi IT Strong gain-of-function mutations have not been identified in humans in the FSH receptor (FSHR), whereas such mutations are common among many other G protein-coupled receptors. In order to predict consequences of such mutations on humans, we first identified constitutively activated mutants of the mouse (m) Fshr and then expressed them under the human anti-Müllerian hormone promoter in transgenic mice or created knock-in mutation into the mouse genome. We show here that mutations of Asp580 in the mFSHR significantly increase the basal receptor activity. D580H and D580Y mutations of mFSHR bind FSH, but the activity of the former is neither ligand-dependent nor promiscuous towar...

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  Estrogens in streams associated with a concentrated animal feeding operation in upstate New York, USA.

Authors: Zhao S, Zhang P, Melcer ME, Molina JF Estrogens (estrone, 17alpha-estradiol, 17beta-estradiol, and estriol) in three headwater streams within a concentrated animal feed operation (CAFO) site were monitored on a monthly base for a year (November 2006-October 2007). This CAFO is certified as organic (no growth promoters are administrated) and uses many Whole Farm Planning practices (e.g., 12-month-capacity waste storage lagoons). In general, estrogen concentrations in the streams are low (<1ngL(-1)), and appeared to increase in spring, likely due to the mobilization of estrogens from soils upon snow melting/precipitation. Estrogens were detected in the streams during dry periods, indicating the contribution of estrogens from groundwater. The low concentrations of estrogens in...

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  Sex-Related Resistance to Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury is Associated with High Constitutive ARC Expression.

Authors: Bouma W, Noma M, Kanemoto S, Matsubara M, Leshnower BG, Hinmon R, Gorman Iii JH, Gorman RC Female sex has been associated with improved myocardial salvage after ischemia and reperfusion (I-R). Estrogen, specifically 17beta-estradiol (E2), has been demonstrated to mediate this phenomenon by limiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We sought to quantitatively assess the effect of sex, ovarian hormone loss, and I-R on myocardial Bax, Bcl-2, and ARC (Apoptosis Repressor with Caspase recruitment domain) expression. Male (n=48), female (n=26) and oophorectomized female (n=20) rabbits underwent 30 minutes of regional ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion. Myocardial area at risk and infarct size were determined using a double staining technique and planimetry. In situ oligo ligation (ISOL) wa...

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  Endogenous estradiol linked to women’s stroke risk

Research shows that women’s risk for stroke is influenced by their levels of circulating endogenous estrogen, although this may be mediated by adiposity. (Source: MedWire News - Stroke)

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  A novel molecularly imprinted solid-phase microextraction fiber coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for analysis of trace estrogens in fishery samples.

Authors: Hu Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Hu Y, Li G The combination of molecular imprinting and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique provides a powerful sample preparation tool in terms of selectivity, simplicity, and flexibility. This paper reports a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) coated SPME fiber with 17beta-estradiol as template by improved multiple co-polymerization method. The obtained fiber exhibits excellent characteristics such as high porosity, good thermal and chemical stability. Extraction performance shows that the MIP-coated fiber has stronger affinity to the template molecule as compared with the commercial SPME fibers and the control polymer-coated fiber without addition of template. Owing to the shape and structural compatibility, the obtained fiber also demon...

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  Effects of plasma magnesium and prolactin on quantitative ultrasound measurements of heel bone among schizophrenic patients

Conclusions: The results of this study are in contrast with literature that has reported an association between bone mass and serum prolactin levels, serum magnesium levels and type of received antipsychotics. Further study to investigate the pathophysiological process and the association between bone mass and serum prolactin level, serum magnesium level and specific antipsychotics is necessary. (Source: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders)

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  Variable Vitellogenin Response of Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) to Weekly Estrogen Exposure.

Authors: Marsh KE, Paterson G, Foran CM, Bennett ER Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a valuable model organism in reproductive and developmental toxicity testing. The purpose of this experiment is to assess the response of medaka to aquatic estrogen exposure over the course of 1 year. Each week, three pairs of adult male medaka were exposed separately for 4 days (100% static renewal daily) to 17beta-estradiol at a nominal level of 25 mug/l, with a fourth pair of fish exposed separately to an ethanol control. Vitellogenin (VTG) induction was observed each week, with hepatic and plasma VTG levels significantly higher (P < 0.001) than reported for ethanol control specimens. A significant (P < 0.001) increasing trend was observed for plasma VTG results over the duration of the st...

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  Endogenous Steroids Measured by High-Specificity Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in 70-Year-Old Men and Women.

Conclusions: Prevalent CVD was associated with indications of lower androgen precursors, increased aromatase activity, and higher estrogen levels in both sexes. Results might represent an endogenous response to a condition of developing atherosclerosis, rather than a causative relationship. Furthermore studies are needed. PMID: 20164295 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

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  Disposition of soy isoflavones in normal human breast tissue.

CONCLUSION: After intake of soy milk and soy supplements, isoflavones reach exposure levels in breast tissue at which potential health effects may occur. PMID: 20164315 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)

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  Human Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ Binding Motif (TAZ) Is Downregulated During Decidualization.

Authors: Strakova Z, Reed J, Ihnatovych I Transcriptional coactivator TAZ is known to bind to a variety of transcription factors to control cell differentiation and organ development. However, its role in uterine physiology has not yet been described. To study its regulation during the unique process of differentiation of fibroblasts into decidual cells (decidualization), we utilized the human uterine fibroblast (HuF) in vitro cell model. Immunocytochemistry data demonstrated that the majority of the TAZ protein is localized in the nucleus. Treatment of HuF with the embryonic stimulus cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) in the presence of steroid hormones (SHs: 17beta-estradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate) for 13 days did not cause any apparent TAZ mRNA changes, but resulted in a si...

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  Effects of gender and estrogen on chicken ductus arteriosus reactivity.

In conclusion, there are no gender-related differences in chicken DA reactivity. The estrogen 17beta-estradiol induces an endothelium-independent relaxation of chicken DA that is not mediated by ER activation. This relaxant effect is, at least partially, due to inhibition of Ca(2+) entry from extracellular space. Key words: ductus arteriosus, estrogen, chicken, embryo. PMID: 20164203 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology)

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  For Older Women, Exercise May Cut Breast Cancer Risk (CME/CE)

For sedentary postmenopausal women, moderate to vigorous exercise for a year reduced levels of estradiol and thus, possibly, the risk of breast cancer, researchers said. (Source: MedPage Today Endocrinology)

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  17β-estradiol combined with testosterone promotes chicken osteoblast proliferation and differentiation by accelerating the cell cycle and inhibiting apoptosis in vitro

In conclusion, 17β-estradiol combined with testosterone promoted osteoblast proliferation and ALP activity, accelerated the osteoblast cell cycle, inhibited osteoblast apoptosis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11259-010-9340-2Authors Xiuxia Chen, Nanjing Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing 210095 People’s Republic of ChinaYifeng Deng, Nanjing Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing 210095 People’s Republic of ChinaZhenlei Zhou, Nanjing Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing 210095 People’s Republic of ChinaQingshu Tao, Nanjing Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing 210095 People’s Republic of ChinaJie Zhu, Nanjing Agricultural University Coll...

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  Levels of Dihydrotestosterone, Testosterone, Androstenedione, and Estradiol in Canalicular, Saccular, and Alveolar Mouse Lungs

We present here, for the first time, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) quantification of dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, androstenedione, and estradiol in canalicular, saccular, and alveolar stage lungs of both sexes. Testosterone, androstenedione, and estradiol were observed in all the analyzed lung samples from gestation day (GD) 16.5 to postnatal day (PN) 30, totalizing 383 individual mice. Levels of these three steroids decreased between birth and PN 5. In contrast, dihydrotestosterone was detected only in male samples on GD 19.5, PN 0, and PN 30. A significant sex difference was observed for testosterone and androstenedione but not for estradiol. Steroid levels were also determined in skinned hind legs for comparison. Three-way analysis of variance revealed that ...

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  Characterization of the Potent Gonadotropin-Releasing Activity of RF9, a Selective Antagonist of RF-Amide-Related Peptides and Neuropeptide FF Receptors: Physiological and Pharmacological Implications.

Authors: Pineda R, Garcia-Galiano D, Sanchez-Garrido MA, Romero M, Ruiz-Pino F, Aguilar E, Dijcks FA, Blomenröhr M, Pinilla L, van Noort PI, Tena-Sempere M Identification of RF-amide-related peptides (RFRP), as putative mammalian orthologs of the avian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone, has drawn considerable interest on its potential effects and mechanisms of action in the control of gonadotropin secretion in higher vertebrates. Yet, these analyses have so far relied mostly on indirect approaches, while direct assessment of their physiological roles has been hampered by the lack of suitable antagonists. RF9 was recently reported as a selective and potent antagonist of the receptors for RFRP (RFRPR) and the related neuropeptides, neuropeptide FF (NPFF) and neuropeptide AF (NPFF rece...

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  Effect of estrogen and tamoxifen on the shell gland AVT and VT3R of scotosensitive & scotorefractory Japanese quail.

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of estrogen and tamoxifen on AVT as well as its receptor VT3 under the short day condition (6L: 18D). Estradiol benzoate (EB) was administered daily in sexually quiescent (scotosensitive) condition for 15 days. After the initial period of sexual quiescence, the quail of control group exhibited sexual development (scotorefractory condition). Thereafter, scotorefractory quail were administered with anti-estrogen tamoxifen, which eliminated the reoccurrence of scotosensitivity. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization studies indicate the expression of AVT and VT3R transcripts in both scotosensitive as well as scotorefractory conditions. Administration of EB to scotosensitive female quail produced an increase in AVT and VT3 while tamoxi...

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  The Genomic Response of Ishikawa Cells to Bisphenol A Exposure is Dose- and Time-Dependent.

Authors: Naciff JM, Khambatta ZS, Reichling TD, Carr GJ, Tiesman JP, Singleton DW, Khan SA, Daston GP A reliable in vitro model to determine the potential estrogenic activity of chemicals of interest is still unavailable. To further investigate the usefulness of a human-derived cell line, we determined the transcriptional changes induced by bisphenol A (BPA) in Ishikawa cells at various doses (1nM, 100nM, 10muM, and 100muM) and time points (8, 24 and 48h) by comparing the response of approximately 38,500 human genes and ESTs between treatment groups and controls (vehicle-treated). By trend analysis, we determined that the expression of 2,794 genes was modified by BPA in a dose- and time-dependent manner (p</=0.0001). However, the majority of gene expression changes induced in Ishika...

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  Lower levels of prepulse inhibition in luteal phase cycling women in comparison with postmenopausal women

Summary: Menopause denotes the end of the reproductive period in a woman's life and is characterized by gradually declining plasma levels of ovarian hormones. Mounting evidence suggests that prepulse inhibition (PPI) is sensitive to fluctuations in estradiol and progesterone. Deficits in PPI are associated with conditions characterized by increased levels of ovarian steroids, such as the mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and the third trimester of pregnancy. The aim of the current study was to further elucidate ovarian steroid-related effects on PPI by examining 43 women with regular menstrual cycles, 20 healthy postmenopausal women without hormone replacement treatment (HRT) and 21 healthy postmenopausal women with ongoing estradiol-only or estradiol and progesterone therapy (EPT). ...

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  Estradiol valerate/testosterone enantate: Facial erythema, acne and hirsutism in an elderly patient: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  Age-dependent role of steroids in the regulation of growth of the hen follicular wall

Conclusions: These data indicate for the first time that the growth pattern of preovulatory follicles during the ovulatory cycle changes in the course of reproductive aging. E2 seems to play a dual role in this adjustment; it stimulates the growth of the follicular wall in reproductive aged hens, whereas it may inhibit this process in young birds. T and LH are apparently involved in the growth regulation during the preovulatory surge in young hens. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

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  Serum Sclerostin Levels Negatively Correlate with Parathyroid Hormone Levels and Free Estrogen Index in Postmenopausal Women.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that serum sclerostin levels are regulated by both estrogens and PTH in postmenopausal women. These findings need to be explored further in larger prospective studies. PMID: 20156921 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

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  Aluminum as an endocrine disruptor in female Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Authors: Correia TG, Narcizo AM, Bianchini A, Moreira RG The effects of aluminum on plasma ion, lipid, protein and steroid hormone concentration were evaluated in Oreochromis niloticus broodstock females. Lipid and protein concentrations from gonads and liver were also measured. Experiments were performed at neutral and acidic water pH. Four groups of fish were tested for 96 h: 1) control conditions at neutral water pH; 2) control conditions at acidic water pH (CTR-Ac); 3) aluminum at neutral water pH (Al-N); and 4) aluminum at acidic water pH (Al-Ac). Aluminum and acidic water pH exposure caused no ionoregulatory disturbances. Total lipid concentration increased in mature gonads and decreased in liver, suggesting an acceleration of lipid mobilization to the ovaries in animals exposed ...

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  Dietary daidzein enhances antiapoptotic effect of 17β-Estradiol (E2) on breast cancer MCF-7 cells

Conclusion  Daidzein enhances the antiapoptotic effect of E2 on breast cancer cells by inhibiting E2-mediated p53-bax proapoptotic pathway. These results suggest that dietary daidzein may enhance deleterious effect of endogenous E2 in hormone-dependent breast cancer. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11670-010-0010-2Authors Xiao-fei Wu, China Agricultural University State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences Beijing 100193 ChinaYi-jing Wang, China Agricultural University State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences Beijing 100193 ChinaGuo-liang Xia, China Agricultural University State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences Beijing 100193 ChinaMei-j...

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  Trichomonas vaginalis: Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and 17B-estradiol alter NTPDase activity and gene expression.

Authors: Rückert C, Stuepp CD, Gottardi B, Rosa J, Cisilotto J, Borges FP, Rosemberg DB, Bogo MR, Tasca T, De Carli GA, Bonan CD We investigated the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and 17beta-estradiol on NTPDase activity in fresh clinical (VP60) and long-term-grown (30236 ATCC) isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis followed by NTPDase gene transcriptional analysis. ATP hydrolysis was activated in vitro by 17beta-estradiol (0.01-1.0 muM) in the VP60 isolate. Treatment for 2 h with 17beta-estradiol (0.01-1 muM) promoted an inhibition in nucleotide hydrolysis in the 30236 isolate whereas the 12 h-treatment promoted an activation of nucleotide hydrolysis in both isolates. ADP hydrolysis was inhibited in vitro by 1.0-5.0 muM DHEAS in the ATCC isolate. The treatment with D...

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  ESTRADIOL VALERATEinjection [Sandoz Inc]

Updated Date: Feb 12, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  TILIA FE (Norethindrone Acetate And Ethinyl Estradiol, And Ferrous Fumarate) Kit [Watson Pharma, Inc.]

Updated Date: Feb 12, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Effect of abrupt discontinuation versus gradual dose reduction of postmenopausal hormone therapy on hot flushes.

Conclusion Discontinuation of HT by reducing the daily dose of estrogen for a period of 2 or 4 months did not differ in its effect from that of abrupt cessation with regard to vasomotor symptoms. PMID: 20151792 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Climacteric)

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  Estrogens disrupt serotonin receptor and cyclooxygenase mRNA expression in the gonads of mussels (Mytilus edulis).

Authors: Cubero-Leon E, Ciocan CM, Hill EM, Osada M, Kishida M, Itoh N, Kondo R, Minier C, Rotchell JM Estrogenic contaminants in the aquatic environment are associated with feminisation of male fish, however their effects on some invertebrate species, such as bivalve molluscs, have yet to be characterised. Gametogenesis represents a critical step in the reproductive process and is subjected to hormonal control by serotonin (5-HT), prostaglandins (synthesised by cyclooxygenases-COX) and steroids such as 17beta-estradiol (E2). Here, we examine the responses of 5-HT receptor and COX mRNA expression in mussels, Mytilus edulis, exposed to estrogenic compounds during different stages of their reproductive cycle. In mature mussels, 5-HT receptor mRNA expression decreased following E2 exposur...

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  Short term hypothyroidism affects ovarian function in the cycling rat

Conclusions: Short term hypothyroidism alters normal hormone profile in the cycling rat increasing the expression of estrogen receptor-beta and cyp19A1 aromatase on estrus, which in turn may stimulate estradiol and prolactin secretion, favouring corpus luteum survival and the subsequent instauration of pseudopregnancy. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

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  Cadmium-induced increase in uterine wet weight and its mechanism

BACKGROUND: Cadmium (Cd) increases in uterine wet weight in rodents remain unclear and there are only a few studies that examined the effects of Cd on uterine morphology. It is unknown whether Cd induces a uterotrophic effect via its interaction with the estrogen receptor (ER). In our study, we compared the effects of cadmium chloride (CaCl2) on uterine wet weight and morphology to those of 17[beta]-estradiol in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. METHODS: Forty-eight SD rats (23 days of age) were ectomized and randomly divided into six groups (eight rats per group): vehicle control (sterile saline solution), positive control (17[beta]-estradiol, 0.03 mg/kg in peanut oil), and CaCl2 groups (0.0064, 0.032, 0.16, and 0.8 mg/kg, respectively). The animals were treated by daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) in...

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  Sensitivity of New Zealand mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray) to a specific aromatase inhibitor.

This study highlights the value role of P. antipodarum as a test species for assessing EDC effects in aquatic wildlife. PMID: 20153502 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chemosphere)

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  Estrogen represses SOX9 during sex determination in the red-eared slider turtle Trachemys scripta.

Authors: Barske LA, Capel B Production of male offspring in viviparous eutherian mammals requires a sex-determining mechanism resistant to maternal hormones. This constraint is relaxed in egg-laying species, which are sensitive to hormones during sex determination and often use an increase in aromatase, the estrogen-synthesizing enzyme, as a key feminizing signal. In the turtle Trachemys scripta, sex is normally determined by temperature, but estrogen treatment overrides this cue and leads exclusively to female development. We assessed whether the expression of SOX9, a central male sex-determining gene in mammals, or three other conserved transcription factors (WT1, GATA4, and LHX9) were regulated by estrogen signaling in the turtle. As in mice, all somatic cell types in the immature t...

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  In Utero and Lactational Exposure to Bisphenol A, In Contrast to Ethinyl Estradiol, Does Not Alter Sexually Dimorphic Behavior, Puberty, Fertility, and Anatomy of Female LE Rats

Many chemicals released into the environment display estrogenic activity including the oral contraceptive ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and the plastic monomer bisphenol A (BPA). EE2 is present in some aquatic systems at concentrations sufficient to alter reproductive function of fishes. Many concerns have been raised about the potential effects of BPA. The National Toxicology Program rated the potential effects of low doses of BPA on behavior and central nervous system (CNS) as an area of "some concern," whereas most effects were rated as of "negligible" or "minimal" concern. However, the number of robust studies in this area was limited. The current study was designed to determine if maternal exposure to relatively low oral doses of EE2 or BPA in utero and during lactation would alter the expr...

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  17{beta}-Estradiol inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-2 transcription via MAP kinase in fibroblasts

Conclusion E2 inhibits MMP-2 expression via the ER and the MAPK pathway in rat cardiac fibroblasts and in a human fibroblast cell line. These mechanisms may contribute to sex-specific differences in fibrotic processes that are observed in human heart and other diseases. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)

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  17{beta}-Estradiol induces protein S-nitrosylation in the endothelium

Conclusion Our results demonstrate for the first time that E2β increases protein S-nitrosylation in the vascular endothelium, which might be a novel pathway to mediate the protective effects on the vasculature. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)

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  The Bone Marrow-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell: Potential Progenitor of the Endometrial Stromal Fibroblast.

Authors: Aghajanova L, Horcajadas JA, Esteban FJ, Giudice LC The cellular source(s) that contribute to the renewal of human endometrium are largely unknown. It has been suggested that endometrial stem cells originate from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), with subsequent development into endometrial stromal fibroblasts (hESF). We hypothesized that if bone marrow-derived MSC contribute to endometrial regeneration and are progenitors to hESF, their treatment with agents known to regulate hESF differentiation could promote their differentiation down the stromal fibroblast lineage. To this end, we treated bone marrow-derived MSC with estradiol (E(2)) and progesterone (P(4)), BMP2, and activators of the PKA pathway and investigated specific markers of hESF differentiation (d...

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  Hepatocyte Growth Factor System in the Mouse Uterus: Variation Across the Estrous Cycle and Regulation by 17-Beta-Estradiol and Progesterone.

In conclusion, HGF, HGFA and MET expression in mouse uterus changes during the estrous cycle in a stage-, cell type- and compartment-specific manner under the influence of estrogen and progesterone. HGF likely plays a role in cyclic endometrial remodeling such as cell proliferation via autocrine/paracrine mechanisms in mouse uterus. PMID: 20147731 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Biology of Reproduction)

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  Validated assay for studying activity profiles of human liver UGTs after drug exposure: inhibition and induction studies.

Authors: Donato MT, Montero S, Castell JV, Gómez-Lechón MJ, Lahoz A UDP-glucuronsyltransferases (UGTs) are a family of conjugating enzymes that participate in the metabolism of many drugs. The study of potential drug-drug interactions involving UGTs has been largely hindered by the limited availability of selective functional assays for individual UGT enzymes. We propose a sensitive and reproducible procedure for the activity measurements of four major human hepatic UGT forms. The assays are based on analysis and quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of glucuronides formed from selective probe substrates, namely, beta-estradiol (UGT1A1, 3-glucuronide), 1-naphthol (UGT1A6), propofol (UGT1A9), and naloxone (UGT2B7). The analytical met...

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  The membrane estrogen receptor GPR30 mediates cadmium-induced proliferation of breast cancer cells.

Authors: Yu X, Filardo EJ, Shaikh ZA Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential metal that is dispersed throughout the environment. It is an endocrine-disrupting element which mimics estrogen, binds to estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha), and promotes cell proliferation in breast cancer cells. We have previously published that Cd promotes activation of the extracellular regulated kinases, erk-1 and-2 in both ER-positive and ER-negative human breast cancer cells, suggesting that this estrogen-like effect of cadmium is not associated with the ER. Here, we have investigated whether the newly appreciated transmembrane estrogen receptor, G-protein coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), may be involved in Cd-induced cell proliferation. Towards this end, we compared the effects of Cd in ER-negative human SKBR3 breas...

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  Investigating the Membrane Orientation and Transversal Distribution of 17beta-Estradiol in Lipid Membranes by Solid-State NMR.

Authors: Scheidt HA, Badeau RM, Huster D 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) is a potent estrogen, which modulates many important cellular functions by binding to specific estrogen receptors located in the cell nucleus and also on the plasma membrane. We have studied the membrane interaction of E(2) using a combination of solid-state NMR methods. (2)H NMR results indicate that E(2) does not cause a condensation effect of the surrounding phospholipids, which is contrary to the effects of cholesterol, and only very modest E(2) induced alterations of the membrane structure were detected. (1)H magic-angle spinning NMR showed well resolved signals from E(2) as well as of POPC in the membrane-lipid layer. Two dimensional NOESY spectra revealed intense cross-peaks between E(2) and the membrane lipids ind...

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  The Effect of High Gravidity on the Carcinogenesis of Mammary Gland in TA2 Mice

Citation Wang X, Huang C, Sun B, Gu Y, Cui Y, Zhao X, Li Y, Zhang S. The effect of high gravidity on the carcinogenesis of mammary gland in TA2 mice. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010 Spontaneous breast cancer in Tientsin Albinao 2 (TA2) mice, like human pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC), often occurs in pregnancy and puerperium, especially in mice with high gravidity. We hypothesized that the dysfunction of cellular immunity caused by the increase of 17[beta]-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) might be one of the reasons for carcinogenesis of mammary gland. We investigated the T lymphocyte subsets and the concentration of serum hormone and cytokines in cancer-bearing, pregnant or postpartum TA2 mice using flow cytometry, chemiluminescent immunoassay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ...

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  Prospective Study of Endogenous Circulating Estradiol and Risk of Stroke in Older Women [Original Contribution]

Conclusions  Endogenous estradiol level is an indicator of stroke risk in older postmenopausal women, especially in those with greater central adiposity. Potential mediators, including atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation, might underlie this association. Whether estradiol, independent of atherogenic adiposity, influences such mediators and stroke risk needs to be determined. Estrogen-altering agents might be harmful or beneficial depending on endogenous estradiol levels, especially in women with greater central adiposity. (Source: Archives of Neurology)

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  Does the estradiol level on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin have an impact on pregnancy rates in patients treated with rec-FSH/GnRH antagonist?

(Source: Human Reproduction)

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  Reply: Does the estradiol level on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin have an impact on pregnancy rates in patients treated with rec-FSH/GnRH antagonist?

(Source: Human Reproduction)

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  Effects of exogenous testosterone supplementation in gonadotrophin stimulated cycles

CONCLUSIONS Despite increased testosterone levels, a short course of androgens had no significant effect on the number of follicles over 10 mm during stimulation with FSH in women of late reproductive age. (Source: Human Reproduction)

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  Progesterone decreases bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 7 expression and BMP7 inhibits decidualization and proliferation in endometrial stromal cells

CONCLUSIONS Progesterone-induced suppression of BMP7 and BMP7-induced inhibition of decidualization and proliferation of ESC suggest an elaborate regulatory mechanism for decidualization through BMP7 in the endometrium. (Source: Human Reproduction)

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  Increased follistatin levels after oral contraceptive treatment in obese and non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome{dagger}

CONCLUSIONS Both hsCRP and follistatin levels increase after OC treatment in women with PCOS. Follistatin seems more sensitive than hsCRP alone to represent the aggravated low-grade inflammatory status after OC treatment in obese and non-obese women with PCOS. (Source: Human Reproduction)

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  Metformin influence on hormone levels at birth, in PCOS mothers and their newborns

CONCLUSIONS Intrauterine metformin exposure seems to result in elevated SHBG levels in newborns. However, at birth, maternal and newborn androgen and estrogen levels are unaffected by metformin use in pregnancy. Although androgen and estrogen levels are higher in male newborns compared with females, maternal and newborn androgen and estrogen levels are highly correlated at birth. (Source: Human Reproduction)

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  Alterations in the spermatic function generated by obesity in rats.

Authors: Vigueras-Villaseñor RM, Rojas-Castañeda JC, Chávez-Saldaña M, Gutiérrez-Pérez O, García-Cruz ME, Cuevas-Alpuche O, Reyes-Romero MM, Zambrano E In order to assess the effect of obesity on epididymal and germinal epithelia in control rats and obese rats induced by a high fat diet, we evaluated the epididymal and testicular morphologies, lipid peroxidation in the epididymis, leptin serum levels, steroid hormones, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, glycemia and some spermatobioscopic parameters. No significant difference was observed in the levels of insulin, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides between the two groups. Nonetheless, in the obese rats, circulating leptin and estradiol levels showed a significant increase and there was a decline...

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  Divergent regulation of angiopoietin-1 and -2, Tie-2, and thrombospondin-1 expression by estrogen in the baboon endometrium

Estrogen has an important role in the reconstruction of a new vascular network in the endometrium during each menstrual cycle; however, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) promotes vessel assembly, whereas Ang-2 and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) cause vessel breakdown. To determine the potential effect of estrogen on the expression of these angioregulatory factors in the endometrium, Ang-1, Ang-2, TSP-1, and Tie-2 receptor mRNA levels were assessed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in glandular epithelial and stromal cells isolated from the endometrium of ovariectomized baboons treated acutely with estradiol. Corresponding protein expression was assessed by immunocytochemistry and the proximity ligation assay (PLA) during adva...

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  Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: pathophysiology and prevention

Conclusions  Among the many prevention strategies that have been discussed, the current evidence points to the replacement of hCG by GnRH agonists in antagonist cycles and the performance of IVM procedures as the safest approaches. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Gonad Physiology and DiseaseDOI 10.1007/s10815-010-9387-6Authors Carolina O. Nastri, Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (DGO-HC-FMRP-USP) Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, 8º andar Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil CEP 14049-900Rui A. Ferriani, Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (DGO-HC-FMRP-USP) Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, 8º andar Ribeirão ...

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  Differential genome-wide gene expression profiling of bovine largest and second-largest follicles: identification of genes associated with growth of dominant follicles

Conclusion: We demonstrated that global gene expression profiling of F1 and F2 clearly reflected a difference in their follicular status. Expression of stage-specific genes in follicles may be closely associated with their growth or atresia. Several genes identified in this study will provide intriguing candidates for the determination of follicular growth. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

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  Biological effects on granulosa cells of hydroxylated and methylated resveratrol analogues

Several resveratrol analogues have been designed to improve bioactivity: among these polymethoxystilbenes appear to be particularly promising. The present study was set up to investigate the biological functions of polymethoxystilbenes 2 and 3, recently found in our lab as antiangiogenic agents, on a well-defined swine granulosa cell model. Proliferative activity and effects on steroidogenesis were evaluated, as well as the effect on granulosa cell vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production, since these cells in basic conditions synthesize the main proangiogenic peptide. Moreover, we considered the effect of these two resveratrol analogues on granulosa cell redox status. Analogue 3 inhibited granulosa cell growth, while it stimulated steroidogenesis. A similar effect was displaye...

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  Bisphenol A may cause testosterone reduction by adversely affecting both testis and pituitary systems similar to estradiol.

Authors: Nakamura D, Yanagiba Y, Duan Z, Ito Y, Okamura A, Asaeda N, Tagawa Y, Li C, Taya K, Zhang SY, Naito H, Ramdhan DH, Kamijima M, Nakajima T Bisphenol A (BPA) causes reproductive toxicities, but the mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, we sought to clarify these mechanisms in comparison with those of 17beta-estradiol (E2). Prepubertal Wistar/ST male rats (4 week-old) were subcutaneously administered BPA (0, 20, 100 and 200mg/kg/day) or E2 (10 and 100mug/kg/day) for 6 weeks. Both BPA and E2 treatments decreased plasma and testicular testosterone levels, and plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), but not E2 and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, though E2 treatment increased its plasma level. In relation to the decreased testosterone levels, BPA and E2 decreased expressi...

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  17beta-estradiol levels in male zebra finch brain: combining palkovits punch and an ultrasensitive radioimmunoassay.

Authors: Charlier TD, Po KW, Newman AE, Shah AH, Saldanha CJ, Soma KK Local aromatization of testosterone into 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) is often required for the physiological and behavioral actions of testosterone. In most vertebrates, aromatase is expressed in a few discrete brain regions. While many studies have measured brain aromatase mRNA or activity, very few studies have measured brain E(2) levels, particularly in discrete brain regions, because of technical challenges. Here, we used the Palkovits punch technique to isolate 13 discrete brain nuclei from adult male zebra finches. Steroids were extracted via solid phase extraction. E(2) was then measured with an ultrasensitive, specific and precise radioimmunoassay. Our protocol leads to high recovery of E(2) (84%) and effectively...

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  Estrogenic Activity Produced by Aqueous Extracts of Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Pupae in Ovariectomized Rats.

This study examined the estrogenic activity produced by aqueous extracts of silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The components of silkworm pupae were extracted in distilled water at room temperature for 6 hours. The ovaries of six-week old female rats were then bilaterally removed. One week after OVX, the animals were treated with 200, 400 or 600 mg/kg/day of silkworm pupae extracts. The body weights of the OVX rats increased remarkably compared to the control rats, however their relative uterus weights to body weights decreased significantly. Treatment with the aqueous extracts of silkworm pupae dramatically improved the decreased uterus weights of OVX rats, with the highest increase observed in treatment with 200 mg/kg/day of the aqueous extracts. Additionally, tre...

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  The comparison of hyaluronic acid vaginal tablets with estradiol vaginal tablets in the treatment of atrophic vaginitis: a randomized controlled trial

Conclusion  Both treatments provided relief of vaginal symptoms, improved epithelial atrophy, decreased vaginal pH, and increased maturation of the vaginal epithelium. Those improvements were greater in group I. Hyaluronic acid vaginal tablets can be used in patients with atrophic vaginitis who do not want to or can not take local estrogen treatment. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory General GynecologyDOI 10.1007/s00404-010-1382-8Authors Murat Ekin, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital Gynecology Clinic Istanbul TurkeyLevent Yaşar, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital Gynecology Clinic Istanbul TurkeyKadir Savan, Medical Park Bahcelievler Hospital Istanbul TurkeyMuzaffer Temur, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospit...

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  FEMTRACE (Estradiol Acetate) Tablet [Warner Chilcott (US), LLC]

Updated Date: Feb 4, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  In Vitro and Immunological Assessment of the Estrogenic Activity and Concentrations of 17beta-Estradiol, Estrone, and Ethinyl Estradiol in Treated Effluent from 45 Wastewater Treatment Plants in Victoria, Australia.

Authors: Allinson M, Shiraishi F, Salzman SA, Allinson G The project was conducted between May 2006 and September 2007, and involved the collection of effluent samples from 45 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The 45 WWTPs included 16 lagoon-based plants and 29 with activated sludge-based processes. Permission was obtained from all the relevant water authorities to collect samples of final effluent at point of discharge to the environment, whether that was to a creek, a river, the ocean, or the land. Samples were collected on two occasions, namely, in August 2006 (winter) and late February-early March 2007 (summer), and subjected to a number of biological and chemical analyses, including toxicity tests, measurement of hormonal (estrogenic) activity using yeast-based bioassays, and m...

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  Estrogen regulates proliferation and differentiation of human islet-derived precursor cells by estrogen receptor alpha.

This study indicates that E2 may be one of the key factors that control the turnover of adult pancreatic beta-cells by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of adult hIPCs through ERalpha. PMID: 20128772 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Biology International)

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  Estrogen Negative Feedback on Gonadotropin Secretion: Evidence for a Direct Pituitary Effect in Women.

Conclusions: Studies that control for endogenous GnRH and estradiol demonstrate a direct pituitary site of estrogen negative feedback on LH and FSH responsiveness to GnRH in women. The effect of estrogen on FSH responsiveness is greater than on LH and is attenuated with aging. These studies indicate that estrogen negative feedback occurs directly at the pituitary and contributes to the differential regulation of FSH and LH secretion. PMID: 20133465 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

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  Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin as an Independent Determinant of Cortical Bone Status in Men at the Age of Peak Bone Mass.

Conclusion: In this population of healthy adult men at the age of peak bone mass, SHBG levels were positively associated with cortical bone size, independently from sex-steroid levels. This suggests a possible independent role of SHBG in the determination of adult bone size. PMID: 20133463 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

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  Role of Estradiol in the Dynamic Control of Tanycyte Plasticity Mediated by Vascular Endothelial Cells in the Median Eminence.

Authors: de Seranno S, d'Anglemont de Tassigny X, Estrella C, Loyens A, Kasparov S, Leroy D, Ojeda SR, Beauvillain JC, Prevot V In the ever-changing physiological context of the neuroendocrine brain, the mechanisms by which cellular events involving neurons, astroglia, and vascular cells are coordinated to bring forth the appropriate neuronal signaling is not yet known but is amenable to examination. In the median eminence of the hypothalamus, endothelial cells are key players in the plasticity of tanycytes (specialized astroglia) and neuroendocrine synapse efficacy. Here we report that estradiol acts on both purified endothelial cells and isolated tanycytes to trigger endothelial-to-glial communication that leads to a sudden and massive retraction of tanycyte processes. The blockade o...

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  Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) as a predictive marker in assisted reproductive technology (ART)

CONCLUSIONS As AMH may permit the identification of both the extremes of ovarian stimulation, a possible role for its measurement may be in the individualization of treatment strategies in order to reduce the clinical risk of ART along with optimized treatment burden. It is fundamental to clarify the cost/benefit of its use in ovarian reserve testing. Regarding the role of AMH in the evaluation of infertile men, AMH as single marker of spermatogenesis does not seem to reach a satisfactory clinical utility. (Source: Human Reproduction Update)

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  Birth Weight in Relation to Sex Steroid Status and Body Composition in Young Healthy Male Siblings.

Conclusion: Birth weight and paternal steroid concentrations are associated with testosterone concentrations, independent from adult weight. These findings support the concept of in utero programming across the range of birth weight. PMID: 20130068 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

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  Hydroxysteroid (17{beta}) Dehydrogenase 12 Is Essential for Mouse Organogenesis and Embryonic Survival.

Authors: Rantakari P, Lagerbohm H, Kaimainen M, Suomela JP, Strauss L, Sainio K, Pakarinen P, Poutanen M Hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenases (HSD17Bs) have a significant role in steroid metabolism by catalyzing the conversion between 17-keto and 17beta-hydroxysteroids. However, several studies in vitro have shown that some of these enzymes may also be involved in other metabolic pathways. Among these enzymes, HSD17B12 has been shown to be involved in both the biosynthesis of estradiol and the elongation of the essential very long fatty acids in vitro and in vivo. To investigate the function of mammalian HSD17B12 in vivo, we generated mice with a null mutation of the Hsd17b12 gene (HSD17B12KO mice) by using a gene-trap vector, resulting in the expression of the lacZ gene of the trapp...

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  Mate calling behavior of male South African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) is supressed by the antiandrogenic endocrine disrupting compound flutamide.

In this study adult male Xenopus laevis were injected with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to initiate mate calling behavior. After one day hCG-stimulated frogs were treated via aqueous exposure over three days without and with FLU at concentrations of 10(-8) M and 10(-6) M in comparison to untreated frogs. Androgen controlled mate calling behavior was recorded during the 12h dark period. At the end of exposure circulating levels of testosterone (T) and 17beta-estradiol (E2) were determined and furthermore gene expression was measured concerning reproductive biomarkers such as hypophysial luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testicular aromatase (ARO), 5alpha reductase type 1 (SRD5alpha1) and 5alpha reductase type 2 (SRD5alpha2). Both concentrations of FLU...

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  The Relationship Between Plasma Steroid Hormone Concentrations and the Reproductive Cycle in the Northern Pacific Rattlesnake, Crotalus oreganus.

We describe the reproductive cycle of Northern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) by quantifying steroid hormone concentrations and observing reproductive behaviors in free-ranging individuals. Additionally, we examined reproductive tissues from museum specimens. Plasma steroid hormone concentrations were quantified for both male and female snakes throughout the active season (Mar-Oct). We measured testosterone (T), 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and corticosterone (B) concentrations in both sexes and 17beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) in females only. We observed reproductive behaviors (e.g., consortship, courtship, and copulation) in the field and measured testis and follicle size in male and female snakes from museum collections to relate steroid hormone concentrations ...

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  Differential expression of three types of gonadotropin-releasing hormone genes during the spawning season in grass puffer, Takifugu niphobles.

Authors: Shahjahan M, Hamabata T, Motohashi E, Doi H, Ando H Grass puffer, Takifugu niphobles, has unique spawning behavior; spawning occurs on beach only for several days around new moon and full moon from spring to early summer. To investigate the role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the reproductive function, genes encoding three types of GnRHs, namely seabream GnRH (sbGnRH), chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II) and salmon GnRH (sGnRH), were cloned and changes in their mRNA amounts were examined over the spawning season. In addition, changes in the pituitary gonadotropin subunit mRNAs and the plasma steroid hormones were examined over the spawning season. Fishes were assessed at four reproductive stages, i.e., in December (early maturation), in April (maturing), in May (spawning),...

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