MedWorm: Enalapril

  ENALAPRIL MALEATE AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDEtablet [Dr. Reddy'S Laboratories Limited ]

Updated Date: Mar 15, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Enhanced sensitivity to acute angiotensin II is testosterone dependent in adult male growth-restricted offspring.

Authors: Ojeda NB, Royals TP, Black JT, Dasinger JH, Johnson JM, Alexander BT Placental insufficiency results in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and hypertension in adult male growth-restricted rats. Although renal angiotensin II and plasma renin activity do not differ between growth-restricted and control rats, blockade of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) abolishes hypertension in growth-restricted rats suggesting that the RAS contributes to IUGR-induced hypertension. Moreover, castration abolishes hypertension in growth-restricted rats indicating an important role for testosterone. Therefore, we hypothesized that enhanced responsiveness to angiotensin II contributes to hypertension in this model of IUGR and that testosterone may play a pivotal role in this enhanced response....

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  Licorice – or more?

Exp Clin Endocrinol DiabetesDOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1224123AbstractA 57 yr old man presented to endocrinology clinic with a six year history of poorly controlled hypertension which was treated with Metoprolol 200 mg/day and Enalapril 20 mg/day. He was asymptomatic but incidentally hypokalaemia was detected while having cholecystectomy, two years prior to his clinic appointment. He had never been on diuretics or laxatives. He was started on potassium supplements (120 mmol/d) and advised to increase dietary potassium by the surgical team. A detailed personal history revealed ingestion of 300–500 g licorice per day. Physical examination was unremarkable apart from increased blood pressure of 180/105 mmHg. Following the initial visit, his serum electrolyes (K+3....

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  Digoxin/enalapril/diuretics: ECG abnormalities, renal failure in an infant: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  A double-blind, crossover study of Doxazosin and Enalapril on peripheral vascular tone and nocturnal blood pressure in sleep apnea patients

Abstract: Objective: Pulse wave attenuation, which occurs in association with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is sympathetically mediated. We compared the effect of Doxazosin (DO, a peripheral α-receptor inhibitor) and Enalapril (EN, an ACE inhibitor) on digital vasoconstriction and nocturnal blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive OSA patients.Methods: A double-blind, crossover study comparing equipotent dosages of DO (4mg/day for 2weeks with 8mg/day for an additional 2weeks) and EN (10mg/day and 20mg/day, respectively) was undertaken in 16 male OSA patients (age 55±7years, body mass index 30.1±3.8kg/m2) with hypertension. Assessments including ambulatory 24-h BP, full-night polysomnography with simultaneous peripheral arterial tone (PAT) and beat-to-beat finger BP monitoring (Finapres) wer...

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  Feasibility of combined treatment with enalapril and candesartan in advanced chronic kidney disease

Conclusions. Forty-five percent of CKD stage 3–5 patients did not tolerate dual RAS blockade with 20 mg enalapril and 16 mg candesartan daily, primarily due to loss of renal function or hypotension. Hyperkalemia could be managed in most patients. Caution is recommended when giving this treatment to patients with advanced CKD. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)

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  ENALAPRIL MALEATEtablet [WOCKHARDT USA LLC]

Updated Date: Feb 25, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  ENALAPRIL MALEATEtablet, Soluble [Apace Packaging]

Updated Date: Feb 16, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Relationship of Blood Pressure to Retinal Vessel Diameter in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [Clinical Sciences]

Conclusion  Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blocker therapy does not affect retinal arteriole or venule diameter in normotensive persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Trial Registration  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00143949 (Source: Archives of Opthalmology)

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  Alterations of Cardiac ERK1/2 Expression and Activity Due to Volume Overload Were Attenuated by the Blockade of RAS

The activities and protein content of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 in the heart were measured in rats at 4 and 16 weeks after volume overload due to aortocaval shunt. Protein content of phosphorylated ERK1/2 was increased at both 4 and 16 weeks, whereas protein content of total ERK1/2 was increased only at 16 weeks of inducing volume overload. The ERK1/2 activities, estimated as phospho-Elk-1 content, were also increased at 4 and 16 weeks of inducing volume overload. The increased phosphorylated ERK1/2 and E-26-like (Elk)-1 protein content in 16 weeks failing hearts was much greater than that in 4 weeks hypertrophied hearts. These changes in phosphorylated ERK1/2 and Elk-1 protein content in both 4 and 16 weeks volume overloaded animals were attenuated by treatment with e...

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  Spironolactone, but not enalapril, potentiates hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and Ets-1 expression in newborn rat kidney.

Authors: Yim HE, Kim JH, Yoo KH, Bae IS, Jang GY, Hong YS, Lee JW Hypoxia is regarded as an important physiological factor that controls nephrogenesis. We investigated whether the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) affects hypoxia-related target genes in developing kidneys. Newborn rat pups were treated with enalapril (30 mg/kg/d) or spironolactone (200 mg/kg/d) for 7 days. Tissue hypoxia was assessed by the uptake of a hypoxyprobe-1, pimonidazole (200 mg/kg), and the expression of hypoxia-responsive genes. In the enalapril group, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, HIF-2alpha, and Ets-1 protein expression were not changed, compared to the control group. In the spironolactone group, HIF-1alpha and Ets-1 protein expression were significantly increased by immunoblots and immu...

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  Novel Markers of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Uremia.

Conclusions: These data suggest left ventricular remodeling consists of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial cell proliferation, but not cardiomyocyte proliferation. p27 and cyclin D2 may play important roles in the development of LVH. In addition, phosphorus can be an independent risk factor for the development of LVH. PMID: 20130393 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Nephrology)

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  The Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors of Left Atrial Pressure in Dogs with Mitral Valve Regurgitation

Despite many epidemiological reports concerning the efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in dogs with mitral regurgitation (MR), the hemodynamic effects of ACE inhibitor administration have not been fully evaluated. To document left atrial pressure (LAP) in dogs with MR administered ACE inhibitors, in order to obtain interesting information about daily LAP changes with administration of ACE inhibitors. Five healthy Beagle dogs weighing 9.8 to 14.2 kg (2 males and 3 females; aged 2 years). Experimental, crossover, and interventional study. Chordae tendineae rupture was induced, and a radiotelemetry transmitter catheter was inserted into the left atrium. LAP was recorded for 72 consecutive hours during which each of 3 ACE inhibitors[mdash]enalapril (0.5 mg/kg/d), temoca...

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  Anthracycline-Induced Cardiomyopathy: Clinical Relevance and Response to Pharmacologic Therapy

Conclusions: In cancer patients developing AC-CMP, LVEF recovery and cardiac event reduction may be achieved when cardiac dysfunction is detected early and a modern HF treatment is promptly initiated. (Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology)

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  The ACE inhibitors enalapril and captopril modulate cytokine responses in Balb/c and C57Bl/6 normal mice and increase CD4(+)CD103(+)CD25(negative) splenic T cell numbers.

Authors: Albuquerque D, Nihei J, Cardillo F, Singh R Increasing evidence implies beneficial effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors beyond those of their original indications to control hypertension. One of the most attractive non-hemodynamic properties of ACE inhibitors is their ability to regulate cytokine production. The mechanism(s) underlying the role of ACE inhibitors on cytokine synthesis are not well understood but they have traditionally been attributed to the inhibition of angiotensin (Ang) II formation. In fact, it has been extensively demonstrated that ACE inhibitors decrease Ang II-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. However, it is not well described if inhibition of endogenous Ang II generation by ACE inhibitors modulates syst...

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  eNOS Knockout Mice with Advanced Diabetic Nephropathy Have Less Benefit from Renin-Angiotensin Blockade Than from Aldosterone Receptor Agonists.

In conclusion, an impaired endothelial NO response could lessen the benefit of RAS inhibition in diabetic renal disease. Aldosterone blockade may provide superior protection in this setting. PMID: 20042665 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Pathology)

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  Medicinal Chemistry of Drugs used in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.

Authors: Adeghate E, Kalasz H, Veress G, Teke K Diabetes mellitus is a common disease and contributes to a high degree of morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy are major causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a condition that affects the myocardium, primarily. It is not necessarily associated with ischemic heart disease, high blood pressure, valvular or congenital anomalies. The pathology of diabetic cardiomyopathy includes interstitial fibrosis, apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, abnormal energy utilization, small vessel disease and cardiac neuropathy. These pathologies are induced by hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Biochemical as well as electrolyte changes, especially reduced calcium availab...

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  ENALAPRIL MALEATE AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDEtablet [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]

Updated Date: Dec 16, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Autonomic dysregulation in ob/ob mice is improved by inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme

Abstract  The leptin-deficient ob/ob mice are insulin resistant and obese. However, the control of blood pressure in this model is not well defined. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of leptin and of the renin-angiotensin system in the cardiovascular abnormalities observed in obesity using a model lacking leptin. To this purpose, we measured blood pressure in ob/ob and control animals by radiotelemetry combined with fast Fourier transformation before and after both leptin and enalapril treatment. Autonomic function was assessed pharmacologically. Blood pressure during daytime was slightly higher in the ob/ob compared to control mice, while no difference in heart rate was observed. Blood pressure response to trimetaphane and heart rate response to metoprolol we...

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  Renoprotective properties of pirfenidone in subtotally nephrectomized rats.

Authors: Takakura K, Fujimori A, Chikanishi T, Tanokura A, Iwatsuki Y, Yamamoto M, Nakajima H, Okada M, Itoh H Renal fibrosis is the final common pathway of chronic kidney disease, and its progression predicts the degree of renal dysfunction. We investigated the renoprotective properties of pirfenidone in a remnant kidney model of chronic renal failure to determine its pharmacological potency compared to enalapril. Five-sixths-nephrectomized rats were fed diet containing pirfenidone (approximately 700mg/kg/day) for 8weeks. Pirfenidone steadily inhibited the progression of proteinuria, but not to a significant degree. Pirfenidone prevented the elevation of plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. At the end of the experiment, pirfenidone had reduced systolic blood pressure by means of...

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  Prevention of Diabetic Kidney Disease: Negative Clinical Trials With Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors

Commentary on Bilous R, Chaturvedi N, Sjølie AK, et al. Effect of candesartan on microalbuminuria and albumin excretion rate in diabetes: three randomized trials. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(1):11-20; and Mauer M, Zinman B, Gardiner R, et al. Renal and retinal effects of enalapril and losartan in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(1):40-51. (Source: American Journal of Kidney Diseases)

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  Effect of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis combined with Enalapril in rats with obstructive uropathy

In conclusion, Enalapril with A&A significantly decreased tubulointerstitial fibrosis to a greater extent than treatment with Enalapril alone. Further studies focusing on the isolation of the active constituents of A&A and the clinical application of the combination of ACEi plus A&A are warranted to determine the value of this treatment in humans. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Phytotherapy Research)

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  Early administration of enalapril and losartan to patients with type 1 diabetes

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11892-009-0067-9Authors Robert C. Stanton, Joslin Diabetes Center Division of Nephrology One Joslin Place Boston MA 02215 USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 6 / December, 2009 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports)

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  Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Peptides: Production and Implementation of Functional Food.

Authors: De Leo F, Panarese S, Gallerani R, Ceci LR In recent decades, the most successful strategy for controlling blood pressure has been inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). ACE inhibitors of chemical synthesis (captopril, enalapril, ramipril and trandolapril) have been widely used clinically to reduce mortality in patients with heart failure, and in patients with recent myocardial infarction and heart failure or marked left ventricular dysfunction. In addition to preventive and therapeutic drugs, increased attention has been paid to identifying dietary compounds that may contribute to cardiovascular treatment and prevention. ACE inhibitory peptides, derived from a multitude of plant and animal proteins such as milk, soy or fish, represent sources of health-enhanci...

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  Effect of irbesartan and enalapril in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome: results of the randomized, double-blind ARCHIPELAGO study

Conclusion In patients with NSTEACS, inflammatory markers decreased over time in both treatment arms, with no differences between irbesartan and enalapril. (Source: European Heart Journal)

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  ENALAPRIL MALEATEtablet [TEVA Pharmaceuticals USA Inc]

Updated Date: Nov 9, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Sexual Dimorphism in the Blood Pressure Response to Angiotensin II in Mice After Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Blockade.

ConclusionsThese data suggest that there are species and sex-specific differences in the mechanism of the blood pressure response to Ang II, even during ACE inhibition.American Journal of Hypertension 2009; doi:10.1038/ajh.2009.203. PMID: 19893496 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Hypertension)

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  ENALAPRIL MALEATEtablet [Taro Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.]

Updated Date: Nov 4, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Development and validation of an HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of 23 selected drugs belonging to different therapeutic groups in human urine samples.

Authors: Baranowska I, Markowski P, Baranowski J We have developed and validated a new and reliable gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with a diode array detector (DAD) for the simultaneous separation and determination of 23 frequently prescribed selected drugs belonging to different therapeutic groups in human urine samples. For the drugs listed below, this method of analysis for human urine was also successfully applied to determine urine concentrations of these drugs in samples from treated patients: enalapril (ENA), paracetamol (PAR), sotalol (SOT), dipyrone (DIP), vancomycin (VAN), captopril (CAP), fluconazole (FLU), cefazolin (CEF), metoprolol (MET), aspirin (ASP), ticlopidine (TIC), prednisolone (PRE), propranolol (PRO), digoxin (DIG)...

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  Enalapril alters expression of key growth factors in experimental diabetic retinopathy.

Conclusions: Enalapril treatment prevented increased angiogenic factor levels in the retinas of experimentally induced diabetic rats. PMID: 19958114 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Current Eye Research)

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  Enalapril: Cerebral angioedema followed by tonic-clonic seizures: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  Med Sci Monit 2009; 15(11):BR334-338 "Influence of selected angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on alloxan-induced diabetic cataract in rabbits"

Conclusions: ACEIs delay diabetic cataractogenesis in an experimental animal model. The ACEI functional groups have different influences on the pattern and rate of lens opacity. (Source: Medical Science Monitor)

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  VASOTEC (Enalapril Maleate) Tablet [BTA Pharmaceuticals Inc.]

Updated Date: Oct 14, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Changes seen in the aging kidney and the effect of blocking the renin--angiotensin system

Conclusion: RAS plays a central role in natural process of renal aging, probably by producing effects influencing the biology of aging, the effects of which can be attenuated by RASi. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease)

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  VASERETIC (Enalapril Maleate And Hydrochlorothiazide) Tablet [BTA Pharmaceuticals Inc.]

Updated Date: Oct 5, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Renal and Retinal Effects of Enalapril and Losartan in Type 1 Diabetes

To the Editor: Mauer et al. (July 2 issue)1 used structural hallmarks of diabetic renal disease to show that early ... (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)

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  Effect Of Antihypertensive Drug Therapy On Short-Term Heart Rate Variability In Newly Diagnosed Essential Hypertension.

Authors: Pavithran P, Prakash ES, Dutta TK, Madanmohan T SUMMARY 1. Abnormalities of cardiac autonomic regulation are a potential mechanism for morbidity despite blood pressure (BP) lowering in hypertension. Analysis of short-term (5 min) heart rate variability provides a noninvasive probe of autonomic regulation of SA node automaticity. 2. We hypothesized that antihypertensive drug therapy would be associated with an increase in 5 min overall HRV along with a decrease in blood pressure (BP), at 8 weeks follow up in subjects with newly diagnosed, never treated essential hypertension. 3. 150 subjects [84 males; 66 females; aged 48 +/- 10 years (mean +/- SD)] with newly diagnosed essential hypertension were divided to 5 groups of 30 each to receive one of the following antihypertensive d...

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  ENALAPRIL MALEATE AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDEtablet [TEVA Pharmaceuticals USA Inc]

Updated Date: Sep 17, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Enalapril induced reversible acute renal failure detected by 99mTc-DMSA renal scan in a patient with bilateral renal artery stenosis: a case report

The authors report and discuss a case of bilateral renal artery stenosis in a hypertensive 9 year-old girl that was first suspected with 99mTechnetium-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy. The scintigraphy showed signs of acute renal failure while the patient was on enalapril for controlling her hypertension. Bilateral renal artery stenosis was confirmed with computed tomography angiography. Hypertension resolved after bilateral renal artery angioplasty. (Source: Cases Journal)

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  Secondary prevention of ischaemic cardiac events

New evidence; conclusions changed for: Anticoagulants in addition to antiplatelet treatments: Two systematic reviews added comparing intensive warfarin plus aspirin versus aspirin alone. Both reviews found that warfarin plus aspirin decreased the risk of non-fatal MI and stroke, but increased the risk of major bleeding compared with aspirin alone in people with acute coronary syndrome. The evidence supports the recategorisation from Likely to be ineffective or harmful to Trade-off between benefits and harms. Fish oil consumption (from oily fish or capsules): Two systematic reviews added comparing advice to increase fish oil consumption or fish oil consumption versus control. The reviews found that increased fish oil consumptio...

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  Temperature-dependent specific transport of levofloxacin in human intestinal epithelial LS180 cells

It was reported previously that specific levofloxacin uptake in Caco-2 cells was inhibited by nicotine, enalapril, L-carnitine and fexofenadine. The aim of the present study was to characterize the cellular uptake of levofloxacin using another human intestinal cell line, LS180. Levofloxacin uptake in LS180 cells was temperature-dependent and optimal at neutral pH, but was Na+-independent. The rank order of inhibitory effects of the four compounds on [14C] levofloxacin uptake in LS180 cells was nicotine>enalapril>L-carnitine>fexofenadine, which is consistent with that in Caco-2 cells. The mRNA levels of OATP1A2, 1B1, 1B3 and 2B1 in LS180 cells were markedly different from those in Caco-2 cells, and OATP substrates/inhibitors had no systematic effect on the levofloxacin uptake. The mRNA leve...

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  Lithium/enalapril/torasemide: Renal failure and chronic lithium toxicity in an elderly patient with pneumonia: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  Effect of ACE inhibition on the fibrinolytic system in patients requiring coronary artery bypass grafting.

CONCLUSION: Although PAI-1 activity levels are reduced after short-term treatment with ACE inhibitors in patients with stable angina pectoris while TPA antigen is unaffected, treatment with ACE inhibitors does not lead to a marked change in plasmin activation. PMID: 19707983 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon)

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  Clinical Trial Summary: Acute coronary syndromes Randomized to a Controlled evaluation in the first Hours of presentation with Irbesartan vs. enalapril to Prevent Elevated inflammation, Limit myocardial ischemia And Generate better Outcome (ARCHIPELAGO)

The goal of the trial was to evaluate treatment with irbesartan compared with enalapril (and early versus late treatment) among patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS). (Source: Cardiosource)

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  Effect of ACE Inhibition on the Fibrinolytic System in Patients Requiring Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

We examined the effect of a short-term treatment with the ACE inhibitor enalapril in 47 patients with severe coronary artery disease requiring coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Patients received either 20 mg/d enalapril or placebo for 6 days. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), plasmin-a2-antiplasmin-complex (PAP) and D-dimers were measured initially and after treatment. In the enalapril group PAI-1 levels were significantly reduced after treatment (11.9 ± 2.3 U/ml vs. 17.1 ± 3.0 U/l;  < 0.05). In the placebo group PAP levels were significantly higher ( < 0.05) after treatment compared to initial values. No differences could be detected between the study groups wi...

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  Enalapril: Hyponatraemia and seizures in an elderly patient: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  Pseudomelanosis Duodeni: An Unusual Finding From Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

A 54-year-old man underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during a physical exam. Significant features of his medical history included 10 years of hypertension that had been controlled with hydralazine and enalapril therapies. The results of his physical examination and laboratory tests were normal. Endoscopy revealed a normal esophagus and stomach, but upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed discrete black pigmentation from the duodenal bulb to the second portion (). Analysis of biopsy samples from the duodenum revealed that a black pigment had accumulated in macrophages of the lamina propria (). The diagnosis, on the basis of these results, was pseudomelanosis duodeni. (Source: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology)

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  EM.P.1.03 Potential involvement of angiotensin II in pathological signs of dystrophic muscle: In vivo and ex vivo outcome of a chronic treatment with enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, in the exercise-aggravated mdx mouse model

Angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) have clinical value to treat cardiomyopathy in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients (Duboc et al. Am. Heart J., 2007). Also, Ang-II antagonist losartan was found to reduce advanced and induced muscle fibrosis in mdx mouse (Cohn et al., Nat. Med., 2007). We verified the involvement of Ang-II at an earlier stage of muscle pathology, by treating 4-5week-old treadmill-exercised mdx mice with 1-5mg/kg enalapril, an ACE-I (6days/week i.p. for 4–8weeks). In vivo, enalapril counteracted the exercise-induced decrease of maximal and normalized fore limb strength in a dose-dependent manner. A significant amelioration of resistance to exercise was also observed. Ex vivo, the treatment contrasted dose-dependently the exercise-induced reduct...

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  ENALAPRIL MALEATEtablet [TEVA Pharmaceuticals USA Inc]

Updated Date: Aug 6, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Combination Effects of Enalapril and Losartan on Lipid Peroxidation in the Kidneys of KK-A/Ta Mice.

Conclusions: It appears that enalapril and/or losartan, especially in combination, inhibited accumulation of CML/MDA/4-HNE in diabetic renal tissues. These effects might be related to lipid peroxidation via tissue-specific activation of adiponectin and AMPK. PMID: 19609084 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Nephron Experimental Nephrology)

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  Combination Effects of Enalapril and Losartan on Lipid Peroxidation in the Kidneys of KK-A y /Ta Mice

Nephron Exp Nephrol 2009;113:e66-e76 (DOI:10.1159/000228714) (Source: Karger Publishers)

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  Improvement of nephrotic syndrome by intensive lipid-lowering therapy in a patient with lipoprotein glomerulopathy

We report the case of a 14-year-old Japanese female patient who had been in a nephrotic condition with hematuria from 4 years old and who had been diagnosed based on pathological and molecular examination at 7 years old. We initially treated the patient with probucol, enalapril (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor: ACEI), and dipyridamole from age 7, but achieved no improvement in her nephrotic status. Subsequently, we replaced probucol with bezafibrate at age 11 and added atorvastatin calcium hydrate and valsartan (angiotensin II receptor blocker: ARB) the following year. The next 3 years’ treatment improved her nephrotic status, decreased serum apolipoprotein E, and markedly decreased intraglomerular lipoprotein thrombi. Early and intensive therapy with antilip...

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  Journal Scan: Renal and Retinal Effects of Enalapril and Losartan in Type 1 Diabetes (N Engl J Med 2009;361:40-51.)

The investigators conducted a multicenter, controlled trial involving 285 normotensive patients with type 1 diabetes and normoalbuminuria and who were randomly assigned to receive losartan (100 mg daily), enalapril (20 mg daily), or placebo and followed for 5 years. The primary endpoint was a change. . . (Source: Cardiosource)

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  The role of fixed-dose combinations in the management of hypertension: focus on lercanidipine-enalapril

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy , August 2009, Vol. 10, No. 11, Pages 1833-1840. (Source: Expert Opinion: Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy: Table of Contents)

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  Enalapril and losartan reduce retinopathy progression in Type 1 diabetics

Treatment with the renin-angiotensin system blockers enalapril and losartan slows the progression of retinopathy, but not nephropathy, in patients with Type 1 diabetes, report researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Hypertension)

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  Health News of the Day

is a daily summary made from the selected links I post on Twitter. It is in a bullet points format with links to the original sources which include 350 RSS feeds that produce about 2,500 items per day.Phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) - a major antigen in membranous nephropathy, a common form of nephrotic syndrome http://bit.ly/1a8sfKStudy: No improvement in survival after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the hospital from 1992 through 2005. The overall incidence of CPR was 2.73 events per 1000 admissions http://bit.ly/xTZC5Blockade of renin–angiotensin system in DM1 with ACEi plus ARB did not slow nephropathy progression. Blockade of renin–angiotensin system in DM1 with ACEi plus ARB (Enalapril, Losartan) slowed progression of retinopathy http://bit.ly/kpLxyCeliac Disease Cases...

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  Enalapril and losartan reduce retinopathy progression in Type 1 diabetics

Treatment with the renin-angiotensin system blockers enalapril and losartan slows the progression of retinopathy, but not nephropathy, in patients with Type 1 diabetes, report researchers. (Source: MedWire News - Diabetes)

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  Enalapril, Losartan May Have Retinal, but Not Renal, Benefits in Type 1 Diabetes

In a controlled trial, early blockade of the renin-angiotensin system did not slow the progression of nephropathy but slowed the progression of retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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  U of Minnesota Finds Treatment That Significantly Slows Progression of Eye Damage in Persons with Type 1 Diabetes

July 1, 2009 (EurekAlert) - University of Minnesota Medical School researcher Michael Mauer, M.D., has found a treatment that significantly slows the progression of eye injury in people with type 1 diabetes, a common complication caused by this disease. By administering an antihypertensive, medication commonly prescribed to treat high blood pressure, Mauer and colleagues were able to slow progression of diabetic eye damage in more than 65 percent of participants involved in the study. Diabetes is the primary cause of acquired blindness in adults and accounts for nearly half of all new cases of chronic kidney failure in the Unites States each year, and people living with the disease often struggle with these complications as it progresses. Previous studies of people with type 1 diabetes...

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  ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Renal and Retinal Effects of Enalapril and Losartan in Type 1 Diabetes

This study aimed to determine whether early administration of drugs that block the renin-angiotensin system slows the progression of change in glomerular mesangial fractional volume and retinopathy progression of two steps or more, according to the retinopathy severity scale. Early blockade of the renin-angiotensin system did not modify nephropathy progression in patients with type 1 diabetes but had important effects in slowing retinopathy. (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)

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  U of Minnesota Finds Treatment That Significantly Slows Progression of Eye Damage in Persons with Type 1 Diabetes

July 1, 2009 (EurekAlert) - University of Minnesota Medical School researcher Michael Mauer, M.D., has found a treatment that significantly slows the progression of eye injury in people with type 1 diabetes, a common complication caused by this disease. By administering an antihypertensive, medication commonly prescribed to treat high blood pressure, Mauer and colleagues were able to slow progression of diabetic eye damage in more than 65 percent of participants involved in the study. Diabetes is the primary cause of acquired blindness in adults and accounts for nearly half of all new cases of chronic kidney failure in the Unites States each year, and people living with the disease often struggle with these complications as it progresses. Previous studies of people with type 1 diabetes...

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  Effects of enalapril and sodium depletion on the renin-angiotensin system in hydronephrotic mice.

Authors: Zhang Y, Wu J, Wang X, Morgan T The effects of enalapril and sodium depletion on renin synthesis and secretion were studied in mice with a left hydronephrotic kidney caused by unilateral ureteral ligation (UUL). In the control animals, there was no difference in plasma renin concentration between the right and left renal veins. In mice with left ureteral ligation, the renin concentration in the vein draining the hydronephrotic kidney was similar to or lower than that in the aorta under control conditions and after either stimulation with enalapril or depletion of sodium. Enalapril and sodium restriction increased plasma renin concentration, and this increase was due to secretion from the nonhydronephrotic kidney. The renin concentration per gram of kidney tissue and the mRNA f...

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  Preservation and Modulation of Peritoneal Function. A Potential Role of Pyruvate and Betaine.

Conclusions: Efforts focused in improving the dialyzing capabilities of the peritoneal membrane by means of pharmacological manipulation, have not yet offered clinically relevant innovations. Conversely, interventions designed to preserve the peritoneum as a reusable dialyzing living membrane are more promising, especially those aimed at neutralizing oxidative and osmotic injury. PMID: 19494598 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Contributions to Nephrology)

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  Azathioprine induced pancytopenia: A serious complication

Hadda V, Pandey B D, Gupta R, Goel AJournal of Postgraduate Medicine 2009 55(2):139-140Azathioprine is commonly used for treatment of lupus nephritis. Myelosuppression is known to occur with azathioprine, but severe pancytopenia is uncommon. A 23-year-old man with lupus nephritis was initially treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide pulses and oral prednisolone along with enalapril and frusemide. Following six months of cyclophosphamide, he was initiated on oral azathioprine as maintenance therapy. He subsequently returned with febrile neutropenia and severe bone marrow suppression. Fever responded to broad spectrum antibiotics and his counts gradually improved following granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. When last seen in October, he was symptom free and disease activity ...

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  Combination of amlodipine and enalapril in hypertensive patients with coronary disease

CONCLUSION: The fixed combination of enalapril and amlodipine, as well as isolated amlodipine, was effective in the normalization of BP in pts with CAD and SAH stages I and II, adding blockage of the renin-angiotensin system.FUNDAMENTO: Pacientes (pts) con enfermedad coronaria (EAC) estable pueden beneficiarse con una menor presión arterial (PA), de acuerdo con estudios recientes. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia y la tolerancia de la combinación fija amlodipino + enalapril, comparada a el amlodipino en la normalización de la PA diastólica (PAD) (< 85 mmHg), en pts con EAC y HAS. MÉTODOS: Estudio doble ciego, randomizado, con dos grupos de pts con PAD >90 y 110 mmHg durante el wash-out de cuatro semanas, en uso sólo de atenolol. Después del wash-out randomizamos para combinación (A) o...

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  The role of fixed-dose combinations in the management of hypertension: focus on lercanidipine-enalapril

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy , Early Online, Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Expert Opinion: Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy: Table of Contents)

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  Effectiveness and Tolerability of Fixed-Dose Combination Enalapril plus Nitrendipine in Hypertensive Patients: Results of the 3-Month Observational, Post-Marketing, Multicentre, Prospective CENIT Study

(Source: Clinical Drug Investigation)

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  Effectiveness and Tolerability of Fixed-Dose Combination Enalapril plus Nitrendipine in Hypertensive Patients: Results of the 3-Month Observational, Post-Marketing, Multicentre, Prospective CENIT Study.

Page: 459DOI: 10.2165/00044011-200929070-00004Authors: de la Sierra, Alejandro 1; Roca-Cusachs, Alejandro 2; Redon, Josep 3; Marin, Rafael 4; Luque, Manuel 5; de la Figuera, Mariano 6; Garcia-Garcia, Margarida 7; Falkon, Liliana 8; on behalf of the CENIT Study Working Group (Source: Clinical Drug Investigation)

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  Effects of enalapril or nifedipine on muscle strength or functional capacity in elderly subjects. A double blind trial

Conclusion. In this group of elderly subjects, enalapril was not superior to nifedipine with regard to the age-related decline of muscle performance. (Source: Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System : JRAAS)

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  Soluble epoxide inhibition is protective against cerebral ischemia via vascular and neural protection.

Authors: Simpkins AN, Rudic RD, Schreihofer DA, Roy S, Manhiani M, Tsai HJ, Hammock BD, Imig JD Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (SEH), the enzyme responsible for degradation of vasoactive epoxides, protects against cerebral ischemia in rats. However, the molecular and biological mechanisms that confer protection in normotension and hypertension remain unclear. Here we show that 6 weeks of SEH inhibition via 2 mg/day of 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido) dodecanoic acid (AUDA) in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (SHRSP) rats protects against cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion, reducing percent hemispheric infarct and neurodeficit score without decreasing blood pressure. This level of cerebral protection was similar to that of the angiotensin-convertin...

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  Cuff-induced vascular intima thickening is influenced by titration of the Ace gene in mice

We tested the hypothesis that small changes in angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) expression can alter the vascular response to injury. Male mice containing one, two, three, and four copies of the Ace gene with no detectable vascular abnormality or changes in blood pressure were submitted to cuff-induced femoral artery injury. Femoral thickening was higher in 3- and 4-copy mice (42.4 ± 4.3% and 45.7 ± 6.5%, respectively) compared with 1- and 2-copy mice (8.3 ± 1.3% and 8.5 ± 0.9%, respectively). Femoral ACE levels from control and injured vessels were assessed in 1- and 3-copy Ace mice, which represent the extremes of the observed response. ACE vascular activity was higher in 3- vs. 1-copy Ace mice (2.4-fold, P < 0.05) in the control uninjured vessel. Upon...

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  Enalaprilat and enalapril maleate eyedrops lower intraocular pressure in rabbits

Conclusions: Enalaprilat eyedrops lower IOP in rabbits. The decline in IOP is proportional to the concentration of dissolved enalaprilat in low-viscosity aqueous eyedrop formulations. (Source: Acta Ophthalmologica)

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  Efficacy and Safety of Tacrolimus Versus Cyclosporine in Children With Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Conclusions: Tacrolimus or CsA in combination with low-dose steroids show similar efficacy in inducing remission in patients with SRNS. Therapy with tacrolimus is a promising alternative to CsA in view of the lower risk of relapses and lack of cosmetic side effects. (Source: American Journal of Kidney Diseases)

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  Curcumin ameliorates renal failure in 5/6 nephrectomized rats: role of inflammation

In this study, we hypothesized that if inflammation plays a key role in renal failure then curcumin should be effective in improving CRF. The effectiveness of curcumin was compared with enalapril, a compound known to ameliorate human and experimental CRF. Investigation was conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats where CRF was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx). The Nx animals were divided into untreated (Nx), curcumin-treated (curcumin), and enalapril-treated (enalapril) groups. Sham-operated animals served as a control. Renal dysfunction in the Nx group, as evidenced by elevated blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, proteinuria, segmental sclerosis, and tubular dilatation, was significantly reduced by curcumin and enalapril treatment. However, only enalapril significantly improved blood pressure....

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  Polycap (thiazide, atenolol, ramipril, simvastatin, aspirin) reduces cardiovascular risk

In this study the authors changed the forumalation by removing folate and examined the effect of the now-called "Polycap" combination on blood pressure, lipids, heart rate, and urinary thromboxane B2, and assessed its tolerability.The double-blind trial in 50 centers in India inlcluded 2053 individuals without cardiovascular disease, aged 45—80 years, and with one cardiovascular risk factor.The Polycap consisted of low daily doses of:- thiazide (12·5 mg)- atenolol (50 mg)- ramipril (5 mg)- simvastatin (20 mg)- aspirin (100 mg)The other 8 treatment groups included:, aspirin alone, simvastatin alone, hydrochlorthiazide alone, three combinations of the two blood-pressure-lowering drugs, three blood-pressure-lowering drugs alone, or three blood-pressure-lowering drugs plus aspirin.Blood Pre...

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  Effect of Antihypertensive Therapy on Serum Lipids in Newly Diagnosed Essential Hypertensive Men

The effect of antihypertensives on serum lipids in newly diagnosed male essential hypertensive patients was studied. The participants (n = 99) were randomly allocated to receive amlodipine, atenolol, enalapril, hydrochlorothiazide, and a combination of amlodipine and atenolol. Lipid parameters were estimated before and after 8 weeks of therapy. The atenolol and thiazide group showed a significant increase in triglycerides (TGs) and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL-C to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ratio were significantly increased and TC to HDL-C ratio was significantly decreased in the amlodipine and amlodipine— atenolol combination groups. In the enalapril group, we found a significant reduction ...

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  RECORDATI: Recordati Launches Zanextra(R) in France

MILAN, ITALY (MARKET WIRE) Recordati announces that its subsidiary Bouchara Recordati has launched Zanextra(R) (lercanidipine + enalapril), its new antihypertensive treatment, in France, the largest market for lercanidipine worldwide. This new specialty is already available in Germany, Australia, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Greece, South Africa and in the Netherlands. (Source: Market Wire - Pharmaceuticals and Biotech)

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  Renoprotective effect of the L/N-type calcium channel antagonist cilnidipine on puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis in rats.

Authors: Takashima K, Nishiyama C, Arisaka N, Takahashi T, Souma S, Tsuda M, Hayashi M, Kasahara H, Kodama H, Tamura T, Murakami M, Kuroda J, Sato F The renoprotective effect of cilnidipine ((+/-)-2-methoxyethyl 3-phenyl-2(E)-propenyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate, CAS 132203-70-4), a L/N-type calcium channel antagonist, on puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephrosis was investigated in rats. In the Experiment I, rats were given an intravenous injection of PAN (70 mg/kg). Cilnidipine (3 mg/kg/day) and enalapril (CAS 75847-73-3, 5 mg/kg/day) were administered orally from 6 days after treatment with PAN (day 6) to day 26, and urinary analysis was performed on days 9, 15, 20 and 27. In the Experiment II, nephrosis was also induced by intravenou...

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  Irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide association in the treatment of hypertension.

Authors: Derosa G, Ferrari I, Cicero AF Blood pressure (BP) is one of the most important and common vascular risk factors but it is often poorly controlled. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) provides beneficial effects in hypertensives. The association of low-dosed diuretics in combination with RAAS blocking agents allows maximum benefit from potassium depletion and control of compensatory increase in renin secretion, so increasing the efficacy and safety of RAAS blockers. Irbesartan is a potent and selective angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor antagonist indicated for use in patients with hypertension, including those with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nephropathy. Once-daily irbesartan administration provides 24h control of BP. In patients with mild-to-modera...

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  Effects of enalapril, candesartan or both on neurohumoral activation and LV volumes and function in patients with heart failure not treated with a beta-blocker

Michel White, Jean-Lucien Rouleau, Rizwan Afzal, John Floras, Salim Yusuf, Robert S. McKelvieApr 1, 2009; 3:113-121Article (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease)

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  Augmented sympathoinhibitory effect of valsartan when added to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.

CONCLUSION: Addition of ARB to ACE inhibitor treatment reduced sympathetic nerve activity and augmented arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflex sensitivity in patients with LV dysfunction. PMID: 19304119 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Cardiology)

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  Nail-patella syndrome, infantile nephrotic syndrome: complete remission with antiproteinuric treatment

A girl, second child of healthy parents, was referred to the Renal Unit at the age of 9 months with haematuria (230 RBC/µl) and proteinuria (2.4 g/l). Serum creatinine was normal (0.25 mg/dl), albumin low (34 g/l) and cholesterol elevated (223 mg/dl). Physical examination showed bilateral webbing of the elbows, equinovarus of both feet and absent patellae. The clinical diagnosis of nail-patella syndrome was confirmed by demonstrating a splice mutation in the intron 5 (750 + 1 G>A) of the LMX1B gene. Treatment with enalapril for 2 years (0.1–1 mg/kg per day) did not bring about any change in urinary protein excretion. However, enalapril (1 mg/kg per day) associated with losartan (1 mg/kg per day) resulted in complete remission (proteinuria 140 mg/24 h) at the age of 7 years. ...

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  Effects of enalapril, candesartan or both on neurohumoral activation and LV volumes and function in patients with heart failure not treated with a beta-blocker

Conclusion: We conclude that angiotensin-II modulation, with enalapril and candesartan, without concomitant utilization of beta-blocker lead to a decrease in BNP and an attenuation of the increase in LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes without a reversal of this process in the long term. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease)

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  Fixed-dose combination of lercanidipine/enalapril in the treatment of hypertension in the elderly

Aging Health , April 2009, Vol. 5, No. 2, Pages 141-149. (Source: Future Medicine: Aging Health)

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  Local renin-angiotensin system regulates left ventricular hypertrophy induced by swimming training independent of circulating renin: a pharmacological study

Conclusions.These data provide evidence that the physiological LVH induced by swimming training is regulated by local RAS independent from the systemic, because the hypertrophic response was maintained even when PRA was inhibited by chronic salt loading. However, other systems can contribute to this process. (Source: Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System : JRAAS)

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  Permeation of Four Oral Drugs Through Human Intestinal Mucosa.

Authors: Pretorius E, Bouic PJ The pharmaceutical industry is in need of rapid and accurate methods to screen new drug leads for intestinal permeability potential in the early stages of drug discovery. Excised human jejunal mucosa was used to investigate the permeability of the small intestine to four oral drugs, using a flow-through diffusion system. The four drugs were selected as representative model compounds of drug classes 1 and 3 according to the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS). The drugs selected were zidovudine, propranolol HCl, didanosine, and enalapril maleate. Permeability values from our in vitro diffusion model were compared with the BCS permeability classification and in vivo and in vitro gastrointestinal drug permeability. The flux rates of the four drugs w...

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  Enalapril: Pharyngeal angioedema: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  Cost-Utility Analysis of Eprosartan Compared to Enalapril in Primary Prevention and Nitrendipine in Secondary Prevention in Europe—The HEALTH Model

Conclusions: Considering a [euro]30,000 willingness-to-pay threshold per QALY gained, eprosartan is cost-effective as compared to enalapril in primary prevention (patients [ge]50 years old and a systolic blood pressure [ge]160 mm Hg) and cost-effective as compared to nitrendipine in secondary prevention (all investigated patients). (Source: Value in Health)

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  ENALAPRIL MALEATE AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDEtablet [Taro Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.]

Updated Date: Mar 10, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Enalapril: Pharyngeal angioedema: case report.

Page: 22 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

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  Effects of antihypertensive treatment on ultrasound measures of myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: results of a randomized trial comparing the angiotensin receptor antagonist, candesartan and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril.

Page: 626DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3283232838Authors: Ciulla, Michele M a,b,c; Paliotti, Roberta a,b,c; Esposito, Arturo a,b,c; Cuspidi, Cesare d,e; Muiesan, M Lorenza f; Rosei, Enrico Agabiti f; Magrini, Fabio a,b,c; Zanchetti, Alberto b,e (Source: Journal of Hypertension)

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  ACE inhibition attenuates uremia-induced aortic valve thickening in a novel mouse model

Conclusion: Moderate uremia causes thickening of the aortic valves in apoE-/- mice, which can be attenuated by ACE inhibition. The nephrectomized apoE-/- mouse constitutes a new model for investigating the mechanisms of uremia-induced aortic valve disease, and also provides an opportunity to study its pharmacologic prevention. (Source: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders)

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  Nebivolol: a third-generation beta-blocker for hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS: Nebivolol is a cardioselective beta-blocker that has been reported to be efficacious and well tolerated for achieving BP control in patients with hypertension. Preliminary evidence suggests a potential for reduced mortality in patients with heart failure. PMID: 19393838 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical Therapeutics)

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  Cost Analysis of Amlodipine versus Enalapril in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Normal Blood Pressure: Findings from the CAMELOT Economic Substudy.

Page: 157DOI: 10.2165/00148365-200806020-00007Authors: Menzin, Joseph 1; Boulanger, Luke 1; Tang, Simon 2; Thakker, Kamlesh 2; Nissen, Steven E. 3 (Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy)

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  Cost Analysis of Amlodipine versus Enalapril in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Normal Blood Pressure: Findings from the CAMELOT Economic Substudy

(Source: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy)

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  Beneficial effect of triple treatment plus immunoglobulin in experimental nephrotic syndrome

In conclusion, we showed that quadruple therapy including immunoglobulin had a beneficial effect on renal function in the late phase, but it had no additional effects in reducing proteinuria or in glomerulosclerosis score in experimental nephrotic syndrome. Further studies with angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AIIRAs) and immunoglobulin combinations would offer some benefits in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00467-009-1117-xAuthors Sema Akman, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University Department of Pediatric Nephrology 07070 Antalya TurkeySalih Kalay, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University Department of Pediatrics 07070 Antalya TurkeyBahar Akkaya, ...

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  Curcumin ameliorates renal failure in 5/6 nephrectomized rats: The role of inflammation.

In this study, we hypothesized that if inflammation plays a key role in renal failure then curcumin should be effective in improving CRF. The effectiveness of curcumin was compared to enalapril, a compound known to ameliorate human and experimental CRF. Investigation was conducted in Sprague Dawley rats where CRF was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx). The Nx animals were divided into untreated (Nx), curcumin treated (curcumin), and enalapril treated (enalapril) groups. Sham operated animals served as control. Renal dysfunction in the Nx group, as evidenced by elevated BUN, plasma creatinine, proteinuria, segmental sclerosis and tubular dilatation was significantly reduced by curcumin and enalapril treatment. However, only enalapril significantly improved blood pressure. Compared to the contr...

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  Enalapril: Pseudopolymyalgia in an elderly patient: case report.

Page: 14 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

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  Enalapril: Pseudopolymyalgia in an elderly patient: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  Activation of renal renin-angiotensin system in upstream stimulatory factor 2 transgenic mice

Previously we demonstrated that upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) transgenic (Tg) mice developed nephropathy including albuminuria and glomerular hypertrophy, accompanied by increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and fibronectin accumulation in the glomeruli. However, the mechanisms by which overexpression of USF2 induces kidney injury are unknown. USF has been shown to regulate renin expression. Moreover, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays important roles in renal diseases. Therefore, in the present studies the effects of USF2 on the regulation of RAS in the kidney as well as in mesangial cells from USF2 (Tg) mice were examined. The role of USF2-mediated regulation of RAS in TGF-β production in mesangial cells was also determined. Our data demonstrate that USF2 (T...

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  Enalapril/lisinopril/ramipril: Angioedema: 5 case reports

(Source: Reactions)

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  Determination of bezafibrate, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, orlistat and enalapril in waste and surface waters using on-line solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography coupled to polarity-switching electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

Araceli Garcia-Ac, Pedro A. Segura, Christian Gagnon, Sebastien Sauve (Paper from J. Environ. Monit.) Araceli Garcia-Ac, J. Environ. Monit., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/b817570e To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above. The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - J. Environ. Monit. latest articles)

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  Long-Term Treatment With Sulfhydryl Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Reduces Carotid Intima-Media Thickening and Improves the Nitric Oxide/Oxidative Stress Pathways in Newly Diagnosed Patients

ACE inhibitors may have a clinically significant antiatherogenic effect in patients with mild hypertension. The effects of two ACE inhibitors, zofenepril and enalapril are compared. American Heart Journal (Source: Medscape Radiology Headlines)

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  Could mycophenolate mofetil combined with benazapril delay tubulointerstitial fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats?

CONCLUSIONS: MMF, especially combined with benazepril, can reduce proteinuria, improve renal function, ameliorate tubulointerstitial fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. These effects might be, in part, associated with down-regulation of PDGF-BB and TIMP-1, and MMP-9 up-regulation in renal tissues. PMID: 19187647 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chinese Medical Journal)

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  Blockage of the Renin-Angiotensin System Attenuates Mortality but Not Vascular Calcification in Uremic Rats: Sevelamer Carbonate Prevents Vascular Calcification.

Conclusion: In these experiments, animal mortality and myocardial hypertrophy were significantly reduced by both enalapril alone and enalapril in combination with sevelamer. In addition, sevelamer carbonate induced beneficial effects on renal dysfunction, secondary hyperparathyroidism and vascular calcification. PMID: 19145073 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Nephrology)

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  [HEAD & NECK] Unusual Radiographic Appearance of Drug-Induced Pharyngeal Angioedema and Differential Considerations

SUMMARY: A 59-year-old woman treated chronically with enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) presented with difficult swallowing and speaking. Although her symptoms were clinically consistent with an adverse angioedema reaction to the ACE-I, initial imaging was not entirely consistent with our conceptual understanding of angioedema. This case report will discuss the myriad possible imaging presentations of this disease, as well as the differential diagnosis for this atypical manifestation of ACE-I–induced angioedema. (Source: American Journal of Neuroradiology)

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  Rationale and design of a trial of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in infants with single ventricle.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of this randomized trial will make an important contribution to the management of infants with single-ventricle physiology by determining whether initiation of ACE inhibition therapy in the neonatal period improves growth, clinical outcome, and ventricular function. PMID: 19081394 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Heart Journal)

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  Effect of eplerenone, enalapril and their combination treatment on diabetic nephropathy in type II diabetic rats

Conclusions. Aldosterone receptor antagonism provided additional benefits beyond blockade of the renin–angiotensin system in type II diabetic nephropathy. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)

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  Successful catheter ablation to accessory atrioventricular pathway as cardiac resynchronization therapy in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy

A 55-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for further examination of the abnormalities of chest X-ray and electrocardiogram. He was diagnosed with type B Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome concomitant with dilated cardiomyopathy. Despite the medical therapy using enalapril and carvedilol for 20 months, his cardiac performance and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were not so improved. Because asynchronous septal motion caused by pre-excitation through a right-sided accessory pathway (AP) might deteriorate his cardiac performance, catheter ablation to the AP was performed. Successful procedure after 17 months improved left ventricular (LV) contraction, reduced LV volume, and decreased mitral regurgitation and BNP. (Source: Europace)

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  Conventional therapy with an ACE inhibitor diminishes left ventricular dyssynchrony during the progression of heart failure

Abstract: Purpose: Left ventricular (LV) mechanical dyssynchrony is an important codeterminant of cardiac dysfunction in heart failure (HF) patients exhibiting either a narrow or a wide QRS complex. We hypothesized that an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor would prevent LV dyssynchrony during the progression of pacing-induced HF through its beneficial effects on hemodynamic change and myocardial fibrosis.Methods: Twenty-eight dogs were assigned to the following treatment groups; rapid ventricular pacing (HF group; n=10), concomitant ACE inhibitor and rapid pacing (enalapril 1.9 mg/kg/day: ACEI group; n=8), or sham-operated control (control group; n=10). After 4 weeks of pacing, cardiac function was evaluated using micromanometers and conductance catheters. We used indexes to ...

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  Short Term Effects of Doxycycline on Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9

Conclusions  Doxy decreases MMP-9 plasma levels by around 20%, within the first 12 h. The mechanism leading to such reduction seems due to the inhibition of PMN degranulation. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10557-008-6150-7Authors Nicola Fiotti, Università degli Studi di Trieste S. C. Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Morfologiche e Tecnologiche Strada di Fiume, 447 34149 Trieste ItalyNicola Altamura, Università degli Studi di Trieste S. C. Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Morfologiche e Tecnologiche Strada di Fiume, 447 34149 Trieste ItalyMichèle Moretti, Università degli Studi di Trieste S. C. Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Clinich...

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  Comparison of the effects of candesartan cilexetil and enalapril maleate on right ventricular myocardial remodeling in dogs with experimentally induced pulmonary stenosis.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results indicated that treatment with candesartan but not enalapril effectively prevented myocardial remodeling in dogs with experimentally induced subacute right ventricular pressure overload. PMID: 19046003 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Veterinary Research)

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  Long-term treatment with sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition reduces carotid intima-media thickening and improves the nitric oxide/oxidative stress pathways in newly diagnosed patients with mild to moderate primary hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS: Long-term treatment with the sulfhydryl ACE inhibitor zofenopril besides its blood pressure-lowering effects may slow the progression of IMT of the carotid artery in newly diagnosed mildly hypertensive patients. PMID: 19033012 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Heart Journal)

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  Combination Therapy with Paricalcitol and Enalapril Ameliorates Cardiac Oxidative Injury in Uremic Rats.

Conclusion: Enalapril, paricalcitol and their combined therapy afford protection against cardiac oxidative stress in uremia. PMID: 19033720 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Nephrology)

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  Combination Therapy with Paricalcitol and Enalapril Ameliorates Cardiac Oxidative Injury in Uremic Rats

Am J Nephrol 2009;29:465-472 (DOI:10.1159/000178251) (Source: American Journal of Nephrology)

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  Captopril/enalapril: Renal disorders and hyperkalaemia: 5 case reports

(Source: Reactions)

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  Captopril/enalapril: Renal disorders and hyperkalaemia: 5 case reports.

Page: 12 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

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  ENALAPRIL MALEATEtablet [Sandoz Inc.]

Updated Date: Nov 14, 2008 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  VASOTEC (Enalapril Maleate) Tablet [BTA Pharmaceuticals, Inc.]

Updated Date: Nov 14, 2008 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  VASERETIC (Enalapril Maleate And Hydrochlorothiazide) Tablet [BTA Pharmaceuticals, Inc.]

Updated Date: Nov 14, 2008 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Dynamic changes of the renin-angiotensin and associated systems in the rat after pharmacological and dietary interventions in vivo

To address the multiplicity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with particular interest in its local, synergistic regulation, we investigate dynamic changes of the RAS and associated systems in response to external stimuli in the rat. We tested influences of the RAS blockade (candesartan and enalapril), diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide), high lipid diet, and salt loading on tissue mRNA level of 12 principal genes. Under the hemodynamic conditions appropriately predetermined, we quantitatively evaluated mRNA level changes with and without each intervention in five organs–the brain, heart, kidney, liver, and adipose tissues–of male rats (n = 5 each). A total of 250 tissues were examined by real-time PCR. Significant changes in mRNA level (P < 0.05) were found in a drug-, diet...

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  Activation of Renal Renin-Angiotensin System in Upstream Stimulatory Factor 2 Transgenic Mice.

Authors: Shi L, Nikolic D, Liu S, Lu H, Wang S Previously, we demonstrated that upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) transgenic mice (USF2 (Tg) mice) developed nephropathy including albuminuria and glomerular hypertrophy, accompanied by increased TGF-beta and fibronectin accumulation in the glomeruli. However, the mechanisms by which overexpression of USF2 induces kidney injury are unknown. USF has been shown to regulate renin expression. Moreover, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays important roles in renal diseases. Therefore, in the current studies, the effects of USF2 on the regulation of RAS in the kidney as well as in mesangial cells from USF2 transgenic mice were examined. The role of USF2-mediated regulation of RAS in TGF-beta production in mesangial cells was also determi...

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  Apparent seizure and atrial fibrillation associated with paliperidone.

CONCLUSION: A man taking paliperidone and multiple other drugs experienced atrial fibrillation and a possible seizure. Although these are known adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics, it is unusual to have both events occur concurrently and with low-to-average dosages, and these events have not been associated with paliperidone in published case reports. PMID: 18997140 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP)

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  Ranolazine combined with enalapril or metoprolol prevents progressive LV dysfunction and remodeling in dogs with moderate heart failure

In conclusion, Ran prevented progressive LV dysfunction and global and cellular myocardial remodeling, and Ran in combination with Ena or Met improved LV function beyond that observed with Ran alone. (Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology)

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  Spectrophotometric and Atomic Absorption Determination of Ramipril, Enalapril Maleate and Fosinopril through Ternary Complex Formation with Molybdenum (V)-Thiocyanate (Mo(V)-SCN).

Authors: Baraka MM, El-Sadek M, Moussa EM, Abd-Alaty NM Three different sensitive and accurate spectroscopic procedures were developed for the determination of three angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, namely, ramipril, enalapril maleate and fosinopril. The first two spectrophotometric (extractive and non-extractive) procedures were based on ternary complex formation with molybdenum(V) thiocyanate. The formed complex can be determined by extraction with chloroform measured at lambda(max) 517 nm Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range from (10-90 mug ml(-1)) for ramipril and fosinopril and (4-36 mug ml(-1)) for enalapril maleate with molar absorptivity 1.2x10(4), 2x10(4) and 3.4x10(4) l mol(-1) cm(-1), respectively, or by direct measurement after addition of benzalkonium ...

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  Efficacy of exercise, losartan, enalapril, atenolol and rilmenidine in subjects with blood pressure hyperreactivity at treadmill stress test and left ventricular hypertrophy

Authors: A C Avanza, A P Mansur & J A F Ramires (Source: Journal of Human Hypertension)

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  Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system: effects on tachycardia-induced early electrical remodelling in rabbit atrium

Conclusions. In summary, EPT has several effects on ion channels in rabbit atrium: 1) EPT increases ICa,L current density, but cannot prevent its downregulation due to RAP; 2) EPT has no influence on Ito current density, but can prevent its downregulation due to RAP. Although changes of single ion channels must be interpreted in context of the complex atrial electrophysiology as a whole, our results provide a possible explanation of the in vivo observation that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition is mainly beneficial on the early electrical remodelling due to the atrial fibrillation-equivalent RAP. (Source: Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System : JRAAS)

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  Blood pressure-lowering efficacy of amiloride versus enalapril as add-on drugs in patients with uncontrolled blood pressure receiving hydrochlorothiazide.

Authors: Guerrero P, Fuchs FD, Moreira LM, Martins VM, Bertoluci C, Fuchs SC, Gus M A large proportion of patients with hypertension need a second drug to reach satisfactory control of blood pressure (BP), but there are few well-designed controlled trials comparing the efficacy of drugs added as a second option. In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, 82 patients with uncontrolled BP, receiving hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg daily, were selected to receive amiloride 2.5-5 mg/day (n = 39) or enalapril 10-20 mg/day (n = 43). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was done before and after 12-weeks of treatment. Office BP was measured in the 4(th), 8(th), and 12(th) weeks. The doses of amiloride and enalapril were doubled in the fourth week, and propranolol was added in the 8th week ...

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  Ranolazine Combined with Enalapril or Metoprolol Prevents Progressive LV Dysfunction and Remodeling in Dogs with Moderate Heart Failure.

This study examined the effects of treatment with RAN alone and in combination with metoprolol or enalapril on LV function and remodeling in dogs with HF. Dogs (n=28) with microembolizations-induced HF were randomized to 3 months oral treatment with RAN alone (375 mg, bid, n=7), RAN (375 mg bid) in combination with metoprolol tartrate (MET, 25 mg bid, n=7), RAN (375 mg bid) in combination with enalapril (ENA 10 mg bid, n=7), or placebo (PL) (RAN vehicle bid, n=7). Ventriculographic measurements of LV end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic (ESV) volumes and LV ejection fraction (EF) were obtained before treatment (PRE) and after 3 months of treatment (POST). In PL-treated dogs, EDV and ESV increased significantly. RAN alone prevented the increase in EDV and ESV seen in the PL group and signif...

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  Enalapril Maleate(Enalapril Maleate) Tablet [Taro Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.]

Updated Date: Sep 24, 2008 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  [Causation] Enalapril and captopril increased mortality compared with ramipril in elderly patients with heart failure

(Source: Evidence-Based Nursing)

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  Digoxin/enalapril/spironolactone: Fatal hyperkalaemia in an elderly patient: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  Digoxin/enalapril/spironolactone: Fatal hyperkalaemia in an elderly patient: case report.

Page: 11 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

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  Effect of L-2286, a Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase Inhibitor and Enalapril on Myocardial Remodeling and Heart Failure.

Page: 253DOI: 10.1097/FJC.0b013e3181855cefAuthors: Bartha, Eva MD *; Kiss, Gyongyi N MD +; Kalman, Endre MD ++; Kulcsar, Gyozo MSc [S]; Kalai, Tamas DSc [S]; Hideg, Kalman DSc [S]; Habon, Tamas MD, PhD *; Sumegi, Balazs DSc +; Toth, Kalman MD, ScD *; Halmosi, Robert MD, PhD * (Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology)

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  Role of cardiac hypertrophy in reducing the sensitivity of cardiopulmonary reflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Authors: de Andrade TU, Abreu GR, Moysés MR, de Melo Cabral A, Bissoli NS The gain of the volume-sensitive cardiopulmonary reflex (VSCR) is impaired in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Sensitivity of VSCR control of efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in SHR is restored when cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension are reduced by enalapril treatment. The present study investigated which of these two parameters, cardiac hypertrophy or hypertension, has more influence on the impairment of VSCR control of RSNA in SHR. Rats (SHR or Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats) were treated with enalapril (10 mg/kg per day; SHRE and WKYE groups, respectively) or hydralazine (5 mg/kg per day; SHRH and WKYH groups, respectively) mixed in their food for 1 month. Control SHR and WKY rats were fe...

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  Dual renin-angiotensin blockage and total embryo cryopreservation is not a risk-free strategy in patients at high risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Conclusion(s): Dual RAS blockage with total embryo cryopreservation is a relatively new strategy that was proposed for use in patients at high risk for OHSS. It should be stressed that complete elimination of the syndrome is not possible with this treatment. Subsequent pregnancy rates with the transfer of frozen-thawed embryos are high. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

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  Long-term effect of a chicken-based diet versus enalapril on albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria.

CONCLUSIONS: The CD and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril promoted a similar reduction of UAER in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria in a 12-month follow-up period. PMID: 18721739 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Renal Nutrition)

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  Enalapril and Losartan Are More Effective Than Carvedilol in Preventing Dilated Cardiomyopathy in the Syrian Cardiomyopathic Hamster

To assess the role of the renin—angiotensin (RAS) and adrenergic systems in the development and progression of dilated cardiomyopathy in the Syrian cardiomyopathic hamster (SCH), echocardiographic parameters were evaluated in 6-month-old animals after 5 months of treatment with enalapril (25 mg/kg/day) plus losartan (10 mg/kg/day), or with carvedilol (1 mg/kg/day). Cardiac output indexes (COI) increased by 53% after RAS blockade and by 20% after β-blockade in SCH. Moreover, LVEDV and LVESV decreased 30% and 62%, respectively (P < .05) during RAS blockade, whereas ejection fraction (EF) increased by 48%. By contrast, carvedilol reduced LVESV by only 28% (P < .05) and increased EF by only 15% (P < .05). These results suggest that RAS activation plays a critical role in th...

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  Longitudinal observations on circadian blood pressure variation in chronic kidney disease stages 3-5

Conclusions. The consistency of circadian BP variation seems to be poor in CKD stages 3–5 and single measurements of 24-h ambulatory BP are therefore probably inadequate for the evaluation of dipping status. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)

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  Influence of Mirtazapine on the Hypotensive Activity of Enalapril and Propranolol in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Authors: Andrzejczak D, Kocon K, Zięba R Mirtazapine is a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant. The influence of the drug on the cardiovascular system has not been definitely determined. Therefore, we made an attempt to evaluate the influence of chronic administration of mirtazapine on the hypotensive action of a single administered dose of propranolol and enalapril in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The animals were divided into eight experimental groups. Mirtazapine (5 and 10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally for 14 days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration of the drug, the rats received a single intraperitoneal dose of hypotensive drugs (propranolol 5 mg/kg or enalapril 10 mg/kg) or 1% solution of methylcellulose. Mirtazapine administered...

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  Right ventricular ejection fraction and enalapril

We have read with interest the article by Tatli et al. concerning the potential beneficial effects of carvedilol on right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) in patients with systolic heart failure. In 2000 we published the results of a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial on 28 patients with chronic right ventricular failure, to test the hypothesis that enalapril was able to improve RVEF . Left ventricular dysfunction was ruled-out by echocardiography in all patients at entry. Measurements of RVEF were done by isotopic ventriculography at rest and after dobutamine stress test, at baseline and after the 6-month period of treatment. At the end of follow-up, RVEF at rest of patients from placebo group decreased a 7.09% while that of enalapril group increased a 6.4%. No differe...

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  A Nonpeptide, Piperidine Renin Inhibitor Provides Renal and Cardiac Protection in Double-Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Renin and Angiotensinogen Genes

Abstract Introduction  Controlling hypertension by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), mechanisms that inhibit later pathway steps in the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), have clinically afforded protection against cardiac and renal disease. Materials and methods  In order to determine if blocking the RAS rate-limiting step of angiotensin II generation via renin inhibition could afford similar end organ protection in a human-relevant preclinical model, this study investigated the cardiac and renal effects of a nonpeptide, piperidine renin inhibitor (RI; 100 mg/kg/day PO) in double transgenic mice (dTGM) which express both human renin and angiotensinogen genes. RI was compared to the ARB, candesartan ...

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  Right ventricular ejection fraction and enalapril.

Authors: Pérez-Calvo JI, Torralba MA PMID: 18687482 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Cardiology)

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  RAS inhibitors decrease apoptosis of acinar cells and increase elimination of pancreatic stellate cells after in the course of experimental chronic pancreatitis induced by dibutyltin dichloride.

Authors: Madro A, Korolczuk A, Czechowska G, Celiński K, Słomka M, Prozorow-Król B, Korobowicz E Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive disease, in which the exocrine function of the gland is gradually lost and fibrosis develops due to repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of RAS inhibitors on the apoptosis of acinar cells and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) elimination in experimental CP induced by dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC). CP was induced by administration of DBTC to the femoral vein. Simultaneously captopril, losartan, enalapril and lisinopril were administered intraperitoneally. The rats were decapitated after 60 days and tissue of pancreas was collected. In rats treated by DBTC the features of inflamma...

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  Enalapril/valproic acid: Fatal liver failure and pancreatitis in paediatric patients: 2 case reports

(Source: Reactions)

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  Enalapril-induced cough is associated with non-severe heart failure.

Authors: Sadanaga T, Yoshimura M, Sakamoto T, Sumida H, Ogawa H The incidence of enalapril-induced cough was evaluated in 199 patients with congestive heart failure. Cough was more frequent in class I or II patients (28%) than in class III (4.1%, p<0.01) and class IV (0%, p<0.01) patients. Brain natriuretic peptide level was lower in patients in the cough (+) group than in the cough (-) group (170+/-107 vs. 538+/-637 pg/ml, p<0.01). The incidence of enalapril-induced cough is low in patients with severe congestive heart failure and a cough can be a marker of non-severe heart failure. PMID: 18606471 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Cardiology)

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  Characterization of contractile 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes in the in situ autoperfused kidney in the anaesthetized rat.

Authors: Morán A, Ortiz de Urbina AV, Martín ML, García M, Rodriguez-Barbero A, Dorado F, San Román L Using several 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) agonists and antagonists, we attempted to characterize the receptor subtypes involved in the contractile response to 5-HT in the in situ autoperfused rat kidney. An intra-arterial (i.a.) bolus injection of 5-HT (0.00000125 to 0.1 microg/kg) increased renal perfusion pressure in a dose-dependent way but did not affect the systemic blood pressure.The selective 5-HT(2) receptor agonist alpha-methyl-5-HT (alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine) and the non-selective 5-HT(2C) receptor agonist (1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine), m-CPP, caused a local vasoconstrictor effect in the autoperfused rat kidney, whereas BW723C86, a selective 5-HT(2B...

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  Enalapril/fentanyl/mepivacaine/midazolam interaction: Interaction (first report between enalapril and mepivacaine), leading to hypotension and ischaemic encephalopathy in an elderly patient: case report.

Page: 13 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

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  The effect of enalapril and telmisartan on clinical and biochemical indices of sympathetic activity in hypertensive patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite similar BP control, telmisartan attenuated autonomic balance more effectively than enalapril. PMID: 18633764 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical and Experimental Hypertension)

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  Pleiotropic effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in normotensive patients with coronary artery disease.

Authors: Krysiak R, Okopień B Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors proved to be effective in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Clinical effectiveness of this group of agents may largely depend on their pleiotropic effects. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of plasma- and tissue-type angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on blood pressure and on systemic inflammation, hemostasis and oxidative functions in normotensive patients with stable coronary artery disease. Ninety patients with stable coronary artery disease enrolled into the study were randomly divided into three different groups, simultaneously treated with enalapril (20 mg/d, n = 30), perindopril (4 mg/d, n = 30) or placebo (n = 30). Plasma lipid profile and the lev...

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