MedWorm: Clonazepam

  Antiepileptic drugs and risk of suicide: a nationwide study

This study investigated possible differences in suicide risk associated with different AEDs.The use of AEDs in the Danish population from 1997 to 2006 was determined by prescription claims. The risk of suicide associated with use of AEDs was estimated by case-crossover analyses, where each case serves at its own control during different periods. For sensitivity, the risk of suicide was estimated by a time-dependent Cox proportional-hazard analysis in AED treatment-naïve patients.There were 6780 cases committing suicide in the 10-year study period, of which 422 received AED treatment at the time of suicide. The case-crossover analysis estimated AED treatment initiation to increase the risk of suicide (odds ratio (OR): 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36-2.49). Clonazepam (OR: 2.01, CI...

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  51. Presentation of multiple rhythmic movement disorders in a single patient

We present a l6-year-old young man with four different types of RMDs. At the age of 2.5 years symptoms spontaneously appeared as repetitive, rhythmic, stereotypic, sleep-related rhythmic movements of forward and backward swaying of the trunk (body rocking). After four years of age the movements transformed to head banging against a pillow appearing in quiet wakefulness or superficial sleep. From the age of 7 years he had body rolling and head rolling as pre-sleep behavior. Head banging, body or leg rolling appeared in random succession, in different combinations or independently as isolated symptom on a particular night. Patient never hurt himself, claimed to be amnesic for the events with daily activities unaffected. PSG with sleep architecture, neurologic, psychiatric, cardiologic, ophth...

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  31. Presentation of multiple rhythmic movement disorders in a single patient

We present a l6-year-old young man with four different types of RMDs. At the age of 2.5 years symptoms spontaneously appeared as repetitive, rhythmic, stereotypic, sleep-related rhythmic movements of forward and backward swaying of the trunk (body rocking). After four years of age the movements transformed to head banging against a pillow appearing in quiet wakefulness or superficial sleep. From the age of 7 years he had body rolling and head rolling as pre-sleep behavior. Head banging, body or leg rolling appeared in random succession, in different combinations or independently as isolated symptom on a particular night. Patient never hurt himself, claimed to be amnesic for the events with daily activities unaffected. PSG with sleep architecture, neurologic, psychiatric, cardiologic, ophth...

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  Clonazepam for Refractory Headache: Three Cases Illustrative of Benefit and Risk

Many patients with migraine are poorly responsive to conventional preventive therapies. Comorbid anxiety and depression may contribute to headache refractoriness, but studies of headache preventives have not typically addressed the patient with psychiatric comorbidity. The author has used clonazepam empirically to treat a subgroup of headache patients with associated anxiety, who were poorly responsive to conventional preventives. The use of a benzodiazepine as a headache preventive raises concerns regarding tolerance and addiction. The author presents 3 cases that illustrate different outcomes associated with this therapy, and suggests guidelines for its use. (Headache 2010;[bull][bull]:[bull][bull]-[bull][bull]) (Source: Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain)

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  Clonazepam Side Effects

List of clonazepam side effects. Clonazepam - sold under the brand names Klonopin and Rivotril - is an anti-anxiety medication in the benzodiazepine family which may be prescribed to treat a variety of conditions, including the anxiety associated with bipolar disorder. People taking clonazepam should be aware of the potential side effects of this drug. (Source: About.com Bipolar Disorder)

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  French summaries of product characteristics: content in relation to therapeutic monitoring of psychotropic drugs

The prescription information (summary of product characteristics, SPC) is compiled by the pharmaceutical industry as required by the national regulatory authorities. They vary in their content about the properties of drugs and about the usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in the blood of patients. Based on a previous study carried out in Germany, the degree of agreement of French SPC for 59 psychotropic drugs with the existing medico-scientific evidence in the area of TDM was examined using a recently developed instrument. A summary score of SPC content (SPCC) related to TDM (SPCCTDM) has been calculated and compared with the level of recommendation of TDM of the AGNP-TDM expert group consensus guidelines for TDM in psychiatry [AGNP: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmako...

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  Psychopharmacological Neuroprotection in Neurodegenerative Disease: Assessing the Preclinical Data [SPECIAL ARTICLES]

This manuscript reviews the preclinical in vitro, ex vivo, and nonhuman in vivo effects of psychopharmacological agents in clinical use on cell physiology with a view toward identifying agents with neuroprotective properties in neurodegenerative disease. These agents are routinely used in the symptomatic treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Each agent is reviewed in terms of its effects on pathogenic proteins, proteasomal function, mitochondrial viability, mitochondrial function and metabolism, mitochondrial permeability transition pore development, cellular viability, and apoptosis. Effects on the metabolism of the neurodegenerative disease pathogenic proteins alpha-synuclein, beta-amyloid, and tau, including tau phosphorylation, are particularly addressed, with application to Alzheime...

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  A Case of Severe Toluene Withdrawal Syndrome Treated With Clonazepam [LETTERS TO THE EDITOR]

(Source: J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci)

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  Best Practice Guide for the Treatment of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD)

Summary of Recommendations: Modifying the sleep environment is recommended for the treatment of patients with RBD who have sleep-related injury. Level A Clonazepam is suggested for the treatment of RBD but should be used with caution in patients with dementia, gait disorders, or concomitant OSA. Its use should be monitored carefully over time as RBD appears to be a precursor to neurodegenerative disorders with dementia in some patients. Level B Clonazepam is suggested to decrease the occurrence of sleep-related injury caused by RBD in patients for whom pharmacologic therapy is deemed necessary. It should be used in caution in patients with dementia, gait disorders, or concomitant OSA, and its use should be monitored carefully over time. Level B Melatonin is suggested for the treatment o...

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  Coping with Atypical Antipsychotic Side Effects

Atypical antipsychotics are widely believed to be better tolerated in adults than first-generation, or typical antipsychotics, and more likely to be taken long-term. They are less likely to cause tremors and other serious movement disorders that affect users of typical antipsychotics. In contrast to the earlier drugs, atypicals usually work on serotonin receptors in addition to dopamine receptors. Drugs in this group include olanzapine (Zyprexa), clozapine (Clozaril), risperidone (Risperdal), quetiapine (Seroquel), ziprasidone (Geodon), aripiprazole (Abilify) and paliperidone (Invega). The drugs are prescribed for conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorders and may also be given for agitation, anxiety, psychotic episodes and obsessive behaviors. Their off-label use is increasin...

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  An Open Trial of Gabapentin in Acute Alcohol Withdrawal Using an Oral Loading Protocol

Conclusion: Oral 800 mg gabapentin (loaded up to 3200 mg in the first 24 h) is helpful only in reducing less severe and less complicated acute AWS. (Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism)

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  Spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam in tablet dosage form

Kakde R B, Satone D DIndian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):702-705A simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam in combined dosage form. Simultaneous equation method is employed for simultaneous determination of escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam from combined dosage forms. In this method, the absorbance was measured at 238 nm for escitalopram oxalate and 273 nm for clonazepam. Linearity was observed in range of 5-100 μg/ml and 5-50 μg/ml for escitalopram and clonazepam respectively. Recovery studies confirmed the accuracy of proposed method and results were validated as per ICH guidelines. The method can be used for routine quality control of pha...

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  Brain-targeted nasal clonazepam microspheres

Shaji J, Poddar A, Iyer SIndian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(6):715-718Gelatin-chitosan mucoadhesive microspheres of clonazepam were prepared using the emulsion cross linking method. Mirospheres were evaluated using the <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> drug release patterns. <i>In vivo</i> CNS drug distribution studies were carried out in rats by administering the clonazepam microspheres intra-nasally and clonazepam solution intravenously. From the drug levels in plasma and CSF, drug targeting index and drug targeting efficiency were calculated. Results obtained indicated that intranasally administered clonazepam microspheres resulted in higher brain level...

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  A tendency for re-offending in drug-facilitated crime

Abstract: The authors present 3 cases that demonstrate a return to DFC following periods of inactivity. The offences occurred in Paris and its suburbs and in each of the cases there were two distinct periods of activity by the offenders with 2, 8 and 22 victims attributed to each of the perpetrators.To 20mg of decontaminated and cut hair, 100pg/mg of clonazepam-d4 was added as internal standard. Hair specimens were extracted with CH2Cl2/ether after incubation overnight at 56°C in pH 7.6 buffer. Extractions were performed on blood and urine using Toxi-tube A® with 5ng/mL of clonazepam-d4. The residues were analyzed by LC–ESI-MS/MS. Calibration curves in blood and urine (0.5–500ng/mL) were prepared by spiking aliquots of blank fluids (r2>0.9816 for all drugs). LOD in body fluids ranged...

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  Clonazepam responsive opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome: additional evidence in favour of fastigial nucleus disinhibition hypothesis?

We present a child with paraneoplastic opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome who responded well to clonazepam. Response to clonazepam is an evidence for the involvement of GABAergic neural circuits in the genesis of opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome and is in agreement with fastigial nucleus disinhibition hypothesis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Movement Disorders - Short communicationDOI 10.1007/s00702-010-0366-yAuthors Vimal Kumar Paliwal, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow IndiaSatish Chandra, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow IndiaRitu Verma, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow IndiaJayantee Kalita, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow IndiaUsha K. Misra, Sanjay Gand...

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  Effect of lingual nerve block on burning mouth syndrome (stomatodynia): A randomized crossover trial

Abstract: Burning mouth syndrome (stomatodynia) is associated with changes of a neuropathic nature the main location of which, peripheral or central, remains unknown. A randomised, double-blind crossover design was used to investigate the effects of lingual nerve block on spontaneous burning pain and a possible correlation with the effects of topical clonazepam, the patient’s response to a psychological questionnaire, and the taste and heat thresholds. The spontaneous burning was measured with a visual analogue scale (VAS) just before and 15min after injection. The decreases in VAS score after lidocaine or saline injection were not significantly different (2.7±3.9 and 2.0±2.6, respectively; n=20). However, two groups of patients could be identified: in a “peripheral group” (n=10) t...

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  Exploring differential prescribing between anti-epileptic drugs in epilepsy patients with a history of mood disorders

To explore differential prescribing of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) to patients with epilepsy by history of mood disorder.Epilepsy was defined as at least one diagnosis code and one AED prescription, and all patients must have been on the database 182 days before and after their first AED prescription. The Integrated HealthCare Information Services (IHCIS) insurance claims database included 44 557 patients with epilepsy between January 1997 and March 2007. The General Practice Research Database (GPRD) included 16 904 patients with epilepsy up to March 2007. Patients were categorized by their first use of specified AEDs. Mood disorders were defined as diagnosis codes for depression and bipolar disorder, or anti-depressant use. The unadjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for a his...

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  Benzodiazepines medazepam and midazolam are activators of pregnane X receptor and weak inducers of CYP3A4: Investigation in primary cultures of human hepatocytes and hepatocarcinoma cell lines.

In conclusion, Alprazolam, Bromazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, Clonazepam, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Nitrazepam, Oxazepam, Tetrazepam and Triazolam can be considered as safe drugs in term of their inability to induce PXR- and AhR-dependent cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. Medazepam and Midazolam slightly activated pregnane X receptor and displayed weak potency to induce CYP3A4 mRNA in human hepatocytes. PMID: 20080160 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Toxicology Letters)

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  Clonazepam: Prolonged RR interval (first report) in an elderly patient: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  Development of semisolid dosage form of clonazepam for oral cavity administration.

Authors: Sakata O, Onishi H, Machida Y A semisolid dosage form of clonazepam (CZP), administered to the oral cavity between the lower gum and bottom lip with small volume of saline, was developed to obtain the stable dosage which can replace the injection dosage form. Semisolid dosage forms were prepared using a mixture of CZP/(polyethylene glycol 1500 (PEG))/(oleic acid (OA)) at the ratios of 1/39/0, 1/37/2 and 2/36/2 (w/w), named CZP1-PEG, CZP1-PEG-OA and CZP2-PEG-OA, respectively, and were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. No crystal of CZP was observed in CZP1-PEG-OA for at least 8 days, while CZP crystal appeared before administration for CZP2-PEG-OA. When a small volume of saline was added to CZP1-PEG-OA just before the oral cavity administration, more than 80% (w/w) was found to e...

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  Digest

Treatment options for panic disorderSome patients with panic disorder do not respond to first-line treatment with an SSRI and, say US investigators, there is a lack of evidence on which to base subsequent treatment choices (J Clin Psychiatry 2009; October 6 doi:10.4088/JCP.08m04485blu).Their three-phase trial involved initial open-label treatment with sertraline (up to 100mg daily) or escitalopram (up to 15mg daily) for six weeks. Of 39 patients, 20 per cent achieved remission; the others were then randomised to continue with their initial treatment plus placebo or to receive an increased dose of SSRI (up to 200mg daily sertraline or up to 30mg daily escitalopram). After a further six weeks, symptom scores improved in both groups but there was no significant increase in remission rate with...

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  Modulatory effects of neuropsychopharmaca on intracellular pH of hippocampal neurones in vitro

Conclusion and implications: These data substantiate the view that clinically relevant concentrations of neuroleptics and antidepressants can mediate changes in neuronal pHi, which may contribute to their pharmacological mode of action. Effects on pHi should be taken into account when therapeutic or even harmful effects of these drugs are evaluated. (Source: British Journal of Pharmacology)

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  Formulation design and optimization of fast dissolving clonazepam tablets

Shirsand S B, Suresh Sarasija, Swamy P VIndian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 71(5):567-572Fast dissolving tablets of clonazepam were prepared by direct compression method with a view to enhance patient compliance. A 3<sup>2</sup> full factorial design was applied to investigate the combined effect of two formulation variables: amount of crospovidone and microcrystalline cellulose. Crospovidone (2-8% w/w) was used as superdisintegrant and microcrystalline cellulose (20-40% w/w) was used as diluent, along with directly compressible mannitol to enhance mouth feel. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, drug content uniformity, <i>in vitro</i> dispersion time, wettin...

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  Sleep disorder: When the lights go out

Last month Brian Thomas was acquitted of strangling his wife – because he was asleep when he did it. But how does a sleep disorder turn an innocent man into a violent killer, and will the case open a loophole for the guilty?For years, Brian and Christine Thomas rarely went to bed together. They had decided to sleep in separate rooms because his chronic sleepwalking disrupted her rest. But they were still emotionally very close. "Each night, we'd have a kiss and cuddle first and then I'd go to my room, and the same in the morning," he said recently. "If she woke first, she'd come to my bed, and if I woke first, I'd go to hers. We never got up without being in each other's beds first."Thomas, now 59, had been sleepwalking since he was a child. He would sometimes wake up with cut ...

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  The toxicological challenges in the European research project DRUID

Abstract: Within the epidemiological studies of the integrated European research project DRUID (Driving Under the Influence of Drugs, alcohol and medicines), 13 laboratories from across Europe will analyse whole blood, oral fluid (OF) or urine from the general driving population and injured drivers. To ensure the comparability of toxicological results from the different studies, the collection of samples, analytical methods, target analytes and analytical cut-offs have been standardized for all laboratories involved.Target analytes were selected based on suspected impairing effects and prevalence. Twenty-three drugs are included in the ‘core list’ for which analysis is mandatory: ethanol, amphetamine, MDMA, MDA, MDEA, methamphetamine, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, THC, THC-COOH, 6-acetylmo...

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  Comparison of treatment modalities in burning mouth syndrome

Conclusions: A greater percentage of patients taking clonazepam reported either partial or complete relief of symptoms compared to diazepam. However, the differences were not statistically significant. There was no correlation found between underlying psychopathology and treatment success with benzodiazepines. (Source: Australian Dental Journal)

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  Clonazepam/haloperidol/valproic acid: Neurological syndrome: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  The clinical and pathophysiological relevance of REM sleep behavior disorder in neurodegenerative diseases

Summary: REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by vigorous movements associated with unpleasant dreams and increased electromyographic activity during REM sleep. Polysomnography with audiovisual recording is needed to confirm the diagnosis of RBD and to exclude other sleep disorders that can mimic its symptoms including obstructive sleep apnea, nocturnal hallucinations and confusional awakenings. RBD may be idiopathic or related to neurodegenerative diseases, particularly multiple system atrophy, Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. RBD may be the first manifestation of these disorders, antedating the onset of parkinsonism, cerebellar syndrome, dysautonomia, and dementia by several years. RBD should thus be considered an integral part of the disease process. When...

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  Ziprasidone-related oculogyric crisis in an adult

Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ziprasidone-related OGC in an adult patient. Physicians must be aware of its occurrence in order to improve care of patients treated with these agents. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)

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  Multiple forms of rhythmic movements in an adolescent boy with rhythmic movement disorder

This report raises the fact that a patient with RMD may present with multiple complex rhythmic movements disrupting sleep, which emphasizes that better understanding of the clinical features of complex rhythmic movements during sleep in primary care settings is essential for early clinical diagnosis and optimal management. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)

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  [Neonatal Volkmann's syndrome.]

DISCUSSION: CVIC has been ascribed to multiples causes. Mechanical compression is the main recognized factor: amniotic band constriction, umbilical cord loops, compression in utero by a deceased co-twin, malposition of the hand, arm or forearm, local or general factors that can add to extraction problems: brachypelvic disproportion, extraction with forceps, oligo/polyhydramnios, pre-term delivery, pre-eclampsia, caesarean section, premature labour, excessive maternal weight gain or diabetes. Our case emphasized three main points. First, the diagnostic value of early MR angiography in the event of associated extensive tissue oedema, multiple arterial compression and decreased vascular perfusion. Second, the role of shoulder dystocia in triggering the traumatic factor reported for the first ...

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  Sleep-related breathing and sleep-wake disturbances in ischemic stroke

Conclusions: Sleep-related breathing disturbances and sleep-wake disturbances are frequent conditions that affect stroke outcome. In view of existing treatment options, these conditions deserve the neurologist's awareness. (Source: Neurology)

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  Isobolographic characterization of interactions of levetiracetam with the various antiepileptic drugs in the mouse 6Hz psychomotor seizure model

Summary: The aim of this study was to characterize the anticonvulsant effects of levetiracetam (LEV) in combination with the various antiepileptic drugs (clonazepam [CZP], oxcarbazepine [OXC], phenobarbital [PB], tiagabine [TGB], and valproate [VPA]), in the mouse 6Hz psychomotor seizure model.Limbic (psychomotor) seizure activity was evoked in albino Swiss mice by a current (32mA, 6Hz, 3s stimulus duration) delivered via ocular electrodes and isobolographic analysis for parallel and non-parallel dose–response effects was used to characterize the consequent anticonvulsant interactions between the various drug combinations. Potential concurrent adverse-effect profiles of interactions between LEV and CZP, OXC, PB, TGB, and VPA at the fixed-ratio of 1:1 were evaluated in the chimney (motor ...

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  Translocator protein (18 kDa) mediates the pro-growth effects of diazepam on Ehrlich tumor cells in vivo.

Authors: Sakai M, Ferraz de Paula V, Pinheiro ML, Ribeiro A, Quinteiro-Filho WM, Rone MB, Martinez-Arguelles DB, Dagli ML, Papadopoulos V, Palermo-Neto J The Translocator Protein (TSPO), previously known as the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor, is a ubiquitous drug- and cholesterol- binding protein that is upregulated in several types of cancer cells. TSPO drug ligands (e.g., diazepam) induce or inhibit tumor cell proliferation, depending on the dose and tissue origin. We have previously shown that TSPO is expressed in Ehrlich tumor cells and that diazepam increases proliferation of these cells in vitro. Here, we investigated the in vivo effects of diazepam on Ehrlich tumor growth and the role of TSPO in mediating this process. Oral administration of diazepam to mice (3.0mg/kg/d...

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  Clonazepam withdrawal: Catatonia: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome in a patient with Down syndrome.

We report a patient with Down syndrome, under treatment with carbamazepine, levopromazine and clonazepam. After urinary infection he developed glans necrosis requiring excision of prepuce. Six hours post surgery he presented right-hand ischemia followed by arterial and venous thrombosis of the right thoracic extremity. Later, he progressed to a compartment syndrome and presented ischemia of toes. All the clinical manifestations developed over a week. Anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies, lupus anticoagulant and perinuclear antineutrophil antibodies were positive. Anticoagulant and immunosuppressive treatment were initiated. Owing to the failure of both treatments, the patient underwent amputation of right hand and a toe. Histopathology revealed recent and old thrombosis of medium- and small-si...

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  CLONAZEPAM (Clonzaepam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [Par Pharmaceutical, Inc.]

Updated Date: Sep 17, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  A brainstem inflammatory lesion causing REM sleep behavior disorder and sleepwalking (parasomnia overlap disorder)

Abstract: A 40-year-old woman with no prior parasomnia developed an acute inflammatory rhombencephalitis with multiple cranial nerve palsies and cerebellar ataxia, followed by myelitis 6months later, and by an intracranial thrombophlebitis 1month after. Between and after these episodes, she had a persistent, mild right internuclear ophtalmoplegia, a mild cerebellar ataxia, and a severe REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) lasting for 2years. She talked, sang and moved nightly while asleep, and injured her son (cosleeping with her) while asleep. In addition, she walked asleep nightly. During video-polysomnography, there were two arousals during slow wave sleep without abnormal behavior, while 44% of REM sleep was without chin muscle atonia with bilateral arm and leg movements. There were small...

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  Predicting Falls Among Psychiatric Inpatients: A Case-Control Study at a State Psychiatric Facility [Articles]

CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors identified in this study should be assessed in replication studies. Psychiatric clinicians can use such risk factors to create evidence-based fall prevention programs. (Source: Psychiatr Serv)

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  Inadequate Dose of Opioid-agonist Medication is Related to Misuse of Benzodiazepines

Conclusions: The inadequate dose of OAM in opioid substitution treatment for opioid-dependent patients seems to be related to the misuse of benzodiazepines. (C) 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. (Source: Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment)

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  Is it in my head?

Author: billyklez Posted: Sun Aug 23, 2009 5:22 pm Hello .... Thanks for the wonderful, welcoming, and sympathetic reply. I feel a lot better about jumping into this forum. Regarding the "fake/pseudo-withdrawal" issue, I sort of figured that's what you meant. But I didn't want to assume or infer without clearing it up. INdeed, it's a real experience, one that demands attention. And I respect the ways people choose to contend with that experience, including the choice to use an illicit substance. As a harm reductionist, I advocate "any positive change as defined by the person" ... no judging, meet people where they're at, no preaching, no browbeating, no coaxing or cajoling or selling, and basically doing whatev...

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  Don't know where to post this, thought it may be informative

Author: An opiate dependent MD Posted: Thu Aug 13, 2009 3:52 am i responded to a post today in regards to klonopin. here's what i wrote. just some info... thought it might be helpful. Hi, Hope your pain is being controlled with the Suboxone. My addiction (not disease) started when I was put on Percocet after a serious leg operation, and since then have been in chronic pain. At the end of 16 months, I was taking up to 600mg qd of oxycodone, and I'd say that was 10% for the pain and 90% because I was hooked. Long story short, went to rehab, got off the oxy's, 8 months clean, relapsed on Vicodin and went on a binge for about 10 weeks before I decided to get help. Went to a detox facility where they put me on Suboxone and slowly tape...

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  suboxone,Klonopin,and adderall

Author: An opiate dependent MD Posted: Wed Aug 12, 2009 11:42 pm Hi, Hope your pain is being controlled with the Suboxone. My addiction (not disease) started when I was put on Percocet after a serious leg operation, and since then have been in chronic pain. At the end of 16 months, I was taking up to 600mg qd of oxycodone, and I'd say that was 10% for the pain and 90% because I was hooked. Long story short, went to rehab, got off the oxy's, 8 months clean, relapsed on Vicodin and went on a binge for about 10 weeks before I decided to get help. Went to a detox facility where they put me on Suboxone and slowly tapered me from 32mg to 2mg in about 10 days. While I was on it, I was shocked at how well my pain was controlled. I decided ...

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  Bye-Bye Suboxone - The Liquid Taper Was a Success!

Author: Diary of a Quitter Posted: Tue Aug 11, 2009 9:38 pm Hey crew! I know I haven't been posting much the last week or so, but I have a good reason. I finished my taper y'all! One year, nine months, and eight days after I started Suboxone, I took my last dose of .2mgs on Monday, Aug 3rd. Here are the highlights from the first few days: Monday was fine, as I dosed that morning. Slept fine that night after taking 1mg clonazepam. Tuesday I was a little tired. Got by with lots of rest, ibuprofin, reading...I also think I was beat from a long and busy week last week so I just needed some downtime. Wednesday I was still waiting for the horrible withdrawals to kick in. Mostly I was feeling lazy, but restless. So I fought the ...

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  REM sleep behavior disorder and narcolepsy.

Authors: Billiard M REM (rapid eye movement) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a well known parasomnia [1]. Its first description in humans dates back to 1985, and its first description in narcoleptic patients to 1992. Although the precise pathophysiology of RBD remains unclear, it is likely, in the case of RBD associated with narcolepsy, that the altered function of hypocretin pathways projecting from the lateral hypothalamus to the ventrolateral part of the periaqueductal grey matter and the lateral pontine tegmentum has a consistent role. The percentage of narcoleptic patients complaining of clinical RBD lies somewhere between 10 and 15% of the narcoleptic population. The age of onset is younger than in the other forms of chronic RBD. Clinical features are the same as in the other fo...

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  Major issue, plz help!

Author: lebdude Posted: Fri Jul 31, 2009 9:47 am Believe me when I tell you I've exhausted every treatment method available here. Nothing worked. I consulted every psychiatrist specialist in addiction, about 10 of them; at some period they were prescribing me Leponex (similar to respiridal and chlorpomasine) to slow down my neurological activity a bit plus Seroquel (similar to Lamictal) to stabilize my mood in addiction to clonazepam for anxiety and Remerom for depression. I took those medicines for at least 7 months non stop and they did not help me the least bit. Then came the psychologists turn, I worked with different psychologists, I tried cognitive drug therapy which is a loss of them and I also try psychoanalysis which helped...

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  Isobolographic characterization of the anticonvulsant interaction profiles of levetiracetam in combination with clonazepam, ethosuximide, phenobarbital and valproate in the mouse pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model

This study was designed so as to characterize the interactions between levetiracetam (LEV) and the conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) clonazepam (CZP), ethosuximide (ETS), phenobarbital (PB), and valproate (VPA) in suppressing pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced clonic seizures in mice by use of type II isobolographic analysis. Adverse-effect profiles of the drugs in combination were determined and brain AED concentrations were measured. The combinations of VPA and ETS with LEV at the fixed-ratio of 1:2, CZP with LEV (1:20,000), and PB with LEV (1:20) were supra-additive (synergistic) in suppressing seizures. In contrast, VPA and ETS with LEV (1:1, 2:1, and 4:1), CZP with LEV (1:1000, 1:5000, and 1:10,000), and PB with LEV (1:1, 1:5, and 1:10) were additive. No adverse effects were obser...

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  Controlled clinical, polysomnographic and psychometric studies on differences between sleep bruxers and controls and acute effects of clonazepam as compared with placebo

Abstract  The pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and pharmacotherapy of sleep bruxism (SB) are still not fully understood. We investigated symptomatology, objective and subjective sleep and awakening quality of middle-aged bruxers compared with controls and acute effects of clonazepam 1 mg compared with placebo by polysomnography and psychometry. Twenty-one drug-free bruxers spent 3 nights in the sleep lab, 21 age- and sex-matched controls 2 nights. Clinically, bruxers exhibited deteriorated PSQI, SAS, SDS and IRLSSG measures, polysomnographically impaired sleep maintenance, increased movement time, stage shift index, periodic leg movements (PLM) and arousals and psychometrically deteriorated subjective sleep and awakening quality, evening/morning well-being, drive, mood, ...

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  Characterization of acute adverse-effect profiles of selected antiepileptic drugs in the grip-strength test in mice.

In conclusion, the grip-strength test can aid in evaluating acute adverse effects of drugs with respect to their influence on muscular strength in experimental animals. PMID: 19815958 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pharmacological Reports)

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  [CASE REPORTS] Clonazepam Withdrawal-Induced Catatonia

CONCLUSION: Catatonia may result from a wide variety of etiologies. Catatonia due to benzodiazepine-withdrawal is a rare but serious condition that may be difficult to distinguish from other causes of catatonia. The mechanism by which catatonia may be precipitated by benzodiazepine-withdrawal is unknown, but likely involves a rapid decrease in GABA transmission in the central nervous system. (Source: Psychosomatics)

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  Clonazepam is an effective treatment for hyperekplexia due to a SLC6A5 (GlyT2) mutation

No abstract. (Source: Movement Disorders)

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  Drug Treatment of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: the Use of Drug Therapies Other Than Clonazepam

Conclusions: There are alternatives to clonazepam therapy for RBD which can be as effective and may be better tolerated. Keywords: REM sleep behavior disorder, drug therapy, side effects (Source: Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM)

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  Klonopin (Clonazepam) - updated on RxList

Klonopin (Clonazepam) drug description - FDA approved labeling for prescription drugs and medications at RxList (Source: RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs)

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  Solubility of Clonazepam, Diazepam, Lamotrigine, and Phenobarbital in N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone + Water Mixtures at 298.2 K

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Volume 0, Issue 0, Articles ASAP (As Soon As Publishable). (Source: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data)

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  Improvement of restless legs syndrome and trichotillomania with aripiprazole

The case report describes a 39-year-old woman with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and trichotillomania (TTM). She was treated with venlafaxine and clonazepam with partial remission of RLS and no response for TTM. When aripiprazole was added to the clonazepam both RLS and TTM fully remitted. We suggest that aripiprazole might be worth investigating for treatment of these disorders. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics)

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  Long-term antiepileptic drug administration during early life inhibits hippocampal neurogenesis in the developing brain

Certain antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that are commonly used to treat seizures in children also affect cognition, and these effects can persist into adulthood, long after drug withdrawal. Widespread enhancement of apoptosis may be one mechanism underlying these lasting cognitive changes. Whether AEDs affect other processes in brain development during early postnatal life has not, however, been systematically analyzed. Here we determined whether chronic administration of common AEDs during early life alters cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Postnatal day 7 (P7) rats received phenobarbital, clonazepam, carbamazepine, valproate, topiramate, or vehicle for 28 days. Bromodeoxyuridine was administered on P34 to label dividing cells. Cell proliferation was assessed 24 hr later,...

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  Epilepsy in Angelman syndrome: A questionnaire-based assessment of the natural history and current treatment options

Discussion: This is the largest study to date assessing epilepsy in AS. Although epilepsy in AS is considered a generalized epilepsy, there was a high prevalence of partial seizures. There are few previous data regarding the use of newer AED in AS, and the results of this study suggest that these newer agents, specifically levetiracetam and lamotrigine, may have efficacy similar to that of valproic acid and clonazepam, and that they appear to have similar or better side-effect profiles. Nonpharmacologic therapies such as dietary therapy and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) also suggest favorable efficacy and tolerability, although further studies are needed. (Source: Epilepsia)

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  [Generalized convulsive status epilepticus in emergency situations in and out of hospital.]

Authors: Outin H Generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) must be rapidly identified and managed according to pre-established protocols developed by the teams that treat such patients. Close collaboration between emergency specialists, critical-care specialists, electrophysiologists, and neurologists is essential. Overt GCSE, by far the most frequent, is generally easy to diagnose: it must nonetheless be distinguished from pseudo-status epilepticus. Subtle GCSE is difficult to recognize. The initial antiepileptic treatments are fairly well classified but their efficacy is unreliable. If the patient is treated within 5 to 30minutes after convulsions begin, clonazepam should be administered alone; if the convulsions persist, follow it 5minutes later with a second injection of clo...

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  Propriospinal myoclonus revisited: Clinical, neurophysiologic, and neuroradiologic findings

Conclusion: The clinico-physiologic spectrum of propriospinal myoclonus (PSM) is homogenous. Involvement of the abdominal wall muscles, worsening in the lying position, premonitory sensation, and wake-sleep transition phase worsening are helpful clinical clues. Diffusion tensor imaging with fiber tracking appears more sensitive than conventional MRI for detecting associated microstructural abnormalities of the spinal cord. Symptomatic treatment of PSM is not straightforward, and clonazepam is reported to be the most effective drug. Zonisamide may be an interesting option. (Source: Neurology)

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  Intranasal Delivery of Antiepileptic Medications for Treatment of Seizures

Summary: Acute isolated seizure, repetitive or recurrent seizures, and status epilepticus are all deemed medical emergencies. Mortality and worse neurologic outcome are directly associated with the duration of seizure activity. A number of recent reviews have described consensus statements regarding the pharmacologic treatment protocols for seizures when patients are in pre-hospital, institutional, and home-bound settings. Benzodiazepines, such as lorazepam, diazepam, midazolam, and clonazepam are considered to be medications of first choice. The rapidity by which a medication can be delivered to the systemic circulation and then to the brain plays a significant role in reducing the time needed to treat seizures and reduce opportunity for damage to the CNS. Speed of delivery, particularly ...

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  Medications for Anxiety

Medications for anxiety benzodiazepines clonazepam Klonopin alprazolam Xanax diazepam Valium lorazepam Ativan buspirone buspar propranolol Inderal Inderide (Source: About.com Mental Health)

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  Klonopin Profile

This article covers precautions and warnings, recommended dosage, and common side effects. (Source: About.com Bipolar Disorder)

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  Clonazepam: First report of alopecia: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  Pre-analytical stability of selected benzodiazepines on a polymeric oral fluid sampling device.

Authors: Kempf J, Wuske T, Schubert R, Weinmann W Oral fluid field tests are designed to provide preliminary results with a high grade of reliability in order to meet analytical and forensic standards. Some test systems additionally offer the possibility of an independent confirmatory analysis of a test sample. The pre-analytical stability of 11 frequently abused benzodiazepines on an oral fluid collecting device (Dräger DCD 5000) has been investigated. The collection device was designed to complement a special mobile testing system (Dräger DrugTest 5000) to be sent to a laboratory for further confirmatory analysis. Blank oral fluid pool was spiked with a mixture of eleven frequently abused benzodiazepines and given onto a collection device. To simulate possible sample shippi...

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  Klonopin Side Effects

Catalogue of side effects for the medication Klonopin or Rivotril (generic Clonazepam), which may be prescribed for anxiety associated with bipolar disorder. Klonopin is a benzodiazepine. (Source: About.com Bipolar Disorder)

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  Clonazepam: First report of alopecia: case report.

Page: 17 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

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  Influence of agmatine on the protective action of numerous antiepileptic drugs against pentetrazole-induced seizures in mice.

In conclusion, the combination of agmatine with vigabatrin seems to be unfavorable due to the reduction of the anticonvulsant effect of vigabatrin after concomitant administration of agmatine in the pentetrazole-induced seizure model. Therefore, the utmost caution is advised when combining agmatine with vigabatrin in further clinical settings. PMID: 19443936 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Pharmacological Reports)

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  Predictors of awakening from postanoxic status epilepticus after therapeutic hypothermia

Conclusion: Patients with postanoxic status epilepticus and preserved brainstem reactions, somatosensory evoked potentials, and EEG reactivity may have a favorable outcome if their condition is treated as status epilepticus. AED = antiepileptic drug; BR = brainstem reflexes (one or more); CA = cardiac arrest; CHUV = University Hospital of Lausanne; CLZ = clonazepam; CPC = Cerebral Performance Categories; GTC = generalized tonic-clonic seizure (prolonged); ICU = intensive care unit; LA = Lance-Adams syndrome; LEV = levetiracetam; MR = motor response to painful stimuli; PSE = postanoxic status epilepticus; NA = not assessed; PHT = phenytoin; PRO = propofol; ROSC = return of spontaneous circulation; SE = status epilepticus; SIRPID = stimulus-induced rhythmic, periodic, or ictal discharges; SS...

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  Hair Loss Associated With Clonazepam.

Page: 56DOI: 10.1097/WNF.0b013e31816932a6Authors: Virit, Osman MD; Savas, Haluk Asuman MD (Source: Clinical Neuropharmacology)

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  Refractory Restless Legs Syndrome Likely Caused by Olanzapine

We report a case of severe restless legs syndrome (RLS) that occurred as a side effect of olanzapine therapy. It was refractory to treatment with 2 mg of clonazepam and 3 mg ropinirole. There was partial relief with propoxyphene, however, it was stopped because of side effects. The symptoms disappeared once olanzapine was switched to another antipsychotic medication. Only two prior published reports associate olanzapine usage with development of RLS. In one report, low-dose benzodiazepines and ropinirole were associated with resolution of RLS symptoms stating dopamine depletion as the likely etiology. In our patient, however, RLS due to olanzapine was refractory to the trial of both high-dose benzodiazepine and ropinirole. This suggests that RLS occurring as a side effect of olanzapine the...

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  Solubility of Lamotrigine, Diazepam, Clonazepam, and Phenobarbital in Propylene Glycol + Water Mixtures at 298.15 K

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Volume 0, Issue 0, Articles ASAP (As Soon As Publishable). (Source: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data)

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  Simultaneous determination of multibenzodiazepines by HPLC/UV: Investigation of liquid-liquid and solid-phase extractions in human plasma.

Authors: Borges KB, Freire EF, Martins I, de Siqueira ME A method for simultaneous determination of seven benzodiazepines (BZPs) (flunitrazepam, clonazepam, oxazepam, lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide, nordiazepam and diazepam using N-desalkylflurazepam as internal standard) in human plasma using liquid-liquid and solid-phase extractions followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. The analytes were separated employing a LC-18 DB column (250mmx4.6mm, 5mum) at 35 degrees C under isocratic conditions using 5mM KH(2)PO(4) buffer solution pH 6.0:methanol:diethyl ether (55:40:5, v/v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8mLmin(-1). UV detection was carried out at 245nm. Employing LLE, the best conditions were achieved with double extraction of 0.5mL plasma using ethyl ...

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  Clonazepam: Suicidal ideation and self mutilation (first reports), and behavioural disinhibition in a child: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  Clonazepam: Suicidal ideation and self mutilation (first reports), and behavioural disinhibition in a child: case report.

Page: 12 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

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  Blood concentrations of clonazepam and 7-aminoclonazepam in forensic cases in Denmark for the period 2002-2007.

In this study, we report the incidence and blood concentrations of clonazepam and its metabolite 7-aminoclonazepam in cases referred to the Section of Forensic Chemistry at the University of Copenhagen in 2002-2007. Using LC-MS/MS, clonazepam was detected in 297 traffic cases, 92 criminal cases (perpetrators or victims of a crime) and in 140 postmortem cases. The concentration ranges of clonazepam+7-aminoclonazepam were 0.002-0.840mg/kg (median 0.067) for traffic cases, 0.005-0.913 (median 0.071) for criminal cases (offenders), 0.002-0.720 (median 0.030) for criminal cases (victims) and 0.002-1.676 (median 0.115) for postmortem cases. The concentrations were thus similar among the groups, although the median value was highest in the postmortem group. In most cases, other drugs were also pr...

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  Solubility of Lamotrigine, Diazepam, and Clonazepam in Ethanol + Water Mixtures at 298.15 K

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Volume 0, Issue 0, Articles ASAP (As Soon As Publishable). (Source: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data)

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  Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder in 18 Dutch Women: Part II—A Syndrome Clustered with Restless Legs and Overactive Bladder

Conclusions. PGAD seems to belong to a highly associated disease cluster including morbidities, which share an imperative urge to suppress dysesthesias and paresthesias by firm manipulative actions. PGAD[mdash]or as proposed by our group, restless genital syndrome (RGS) in the context of its strong association with restless legs[mdash]is probably the expression of a nonsexually driven hyperexcitability of the genitals and subsequent attempts to overcome it by genital manipulations. Waldinger MD, and Schweitzer DH. Persistent genital arousal disorder in 18 dutch women: Part II[mdash]A syndrome clustered with restless legs and overactive bladder. J Sex Med **;**:**[ndash]**. (Source: The Journal of Sexual Medicine)

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  Energetics of Ca2+ homeostasis during ischemia-reperfusion on neonatal rat hearts under high-[K+] cardioplegia.

Authors: Consolini AE, Bonazzola P The mechanocalorimetric consequences and mechanisms involved in Ca2+ homeostasis during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) as well as the protective role of cardioplegic pretreatment with high [K+] (25 mmol/L) and low or near-normal [Ca2+] (0.5 or 2 mmol/L) were evaluated in a model of neonatal rat heart. Beating hearts from 10-12-day-old rats were perfused with Krebs solution (2 mmol/L Ca2+) under both isotonic and isometric conditions. During pretreatment, hearts were exposed for 20 min to either Krebs (control) or cardioplegia (CPG) before 15 min ischemia and 45 min reperfusion while being continuously measured for either contractility or total heat rate (Ht) in a flow calorimeter. Contractile recovery after reperfusion in hearts exposed to ischemia only (...

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  Association of oxamniquine praziquantel and clonazepam in experimental Schistosomiasis mansoni.

Authors: Araujo N, de Mattos AC, Coelho PM, Katz N The antischistosomal activity of clonazepam, when administered alone or in association with oxamniquine and praziquantel, was experimentally evaluated in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. The animals were treated 45 days post-infection with a single dose, by oral route, according to three treatment schedules: clonazepam 25 mg/kg and sacrificed 15 min, 1h or 4 h after treatment; clonazepam 1.0, 2.5 or 10.0 mg/kg and sacrificed 15 days post-treatment or with the dose of 10 mg/kg in association with oxamniquine 50 mg/kg or praziquantel 200 mg/kg, single dose, orally, every schedule with a control group. The efficacy of the drugs in vivo was assessed by means of worm counts and their distribution in mesentery and liver, mortality and...

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  Optimal Prevention of Seizures Induced by High-Dose Busulfan

Pharmacotherapy 28(12): 1502-1510 Abstract High-dose busulfan is frequently used in a variety of conditioning regimens for hematopoietic cell transplantation. In this setting, busulfan has marked neurotoxicity, specifically causing seizures that generally are tonic-clonic in character. Phenytoin has been the preferred drug to treat busulfan-induced seizures, but this practice should be reexamined in light of newer antiepileptic drugs being preferentially used by neurologists. Characteristics of ideal seizure prophylaxis include lack of overlapping toxicity with the conditioning regimen, lack of interference with engraftment of donor cells, and minimal potential for pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Based on these criteria, phenytoin is suboptimal due to possible toxicities and is especial...

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  Apparent seizure and atrial fibrillation associated with paliperidone.

CONCLUSION: A man taking paliperidone and multiple other drugs experienced atrial fibrillation and a possible seizure. Although these are known adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics, it is unusual to have both events occur concurrently and with low-to-average dosages, and these events have not been associated with paliperidone in published case reports. PMID: 18997140 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP)

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  Television-provoked epilepsy in children: a follow-up survey from isfahan, iran.

This study was designed to describe the clinical and some demographic characteristics of television epilepsy in Iranian children. METHODS: Patients who were diagnosed as having television epilepsy with an age less than 12 years were recruited from outpatient neurology clinics in Isfahan, Iran, from September 2002 through September 2006. We collected the case-related information including electroencephalo-grams, radiologic findings, and patients' history. RESULTS: Thirty patients with television epilepsy with the age less than 12 years were identified. Of whom 17 (56.7%) were females and 13 (43.3%) were males. The mean age at the onset of seizure was 9.9+/-2.1 years. Children had absence (3.3%), myoclonic (3.3%), and generalized tonic-clonic (93.3+/-) seizures in response to intermittent ph...

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  Simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines and their metabolites in human serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using a high-resolution octadecyl silica column compatible with aqueous compounds.

Authors: Nakamura M, Ohmori T, Itoh Y, Terashita M, Hirano K A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method using a high-resolution octadecyl silica column compatible with aqueous compounds was developed for the simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines and their metabolites in human serum. This method enabled us to determine multiple benzodiazepines, including flurazepam, bromazepam, chlordiazepoxide, nitrazepam, clonazepam, flunitrazepam, estazolam, clobazam, lorazepam, alprazolam, triazolam, brotizolam, fludiazepam, diazepam, quazepam, prazepam and their metabolites such as 7-aminonitrazepam, 7-aminoclonazepam, 7-acetamidonitrazepam, N-desmethylclobazam and N-desmethyldiazepam. The analytes spiked into human serum were subjected to solid-phase extraction foll...

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  Chemical submission: results of 4-year French inquiry

Abstract  Psychoactive substances may be administered without the knowledge of a victim in order to induce incapacitation and thus facilitate criminal actions. The characteristics of the victims and the drugs used in such suspected chemical submissions (CS) were analyzed in 309 cases collected from October 2003 to December 2007 through a national survey. Out of 309 cases, 158 met all criteria of CS. The victims were mostly female (n = 89, 56%). The type of aggression was mostly sexual assault (in 79 cases 50%). Benzodiazepines and related drugs were detected in 129 victims (82%) and were mostly clonazepam, zolpidem, and bromazepam whereas flunitrazepam and gamma hydroxybutyrate, well known for their use in CS, were identified in 11 (7%) and five (3%) of the 158 victims. ...

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  Treatment of restless legs syndrome: An evidence-based review and implications for clinical practice

Only in the last three decades, the restless legs syndrome (RLS) has been examined in randomized controlled trials. The Movement Disorder Society (MDS) commissioned a task force to perform an evidence-based review of the medical literature on treatment modalities used to manage patients with RLS. The task force performed a search of the published literature using electronic databases. The therapeutic efficacy of each drug was classified as being either efficacious, likely efficacious, investigational, nonefficacious, or lacking sufficient evidence to classify. Implications for clinical practice were generated based on the levels of evidence and particular features of each modality, such as adverse events. All studies were classed according to three levels of evidence. All Level-I trials we...

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  A pilot study of clonazepam versus psychodynamic group therapy plus clonazepam in the treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that the combination of PGT with clonazepam may be a promising strategy for the treatment of GSAD, regarding gains in the global functioning. However the present study failed to detect more specific changes in social anxiety symptomatology between the two groups. PMID: 18774274 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Psychiatry)

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  Clonazepam(Clonazepam) Tablet [Qualitest Pharmaceuticals]

Updated Date: Sep 4, 2008 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Docetaxel/doxorubicin: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, treated with clonazepam: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  Behavioral Disinhibition, Suicidal Ideation, and Self-Mutilation Related to Clonazepam

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology Aug 2008, Vol. 18, No. 4: 409-409. (Source: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology)

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  Docetaxel/doxorubicin: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, treated with clonazepam: case report.

Page: 14 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

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  Mechanisms of unmodified CdSe quantum dot-induced elevation of cytoplasmic calcium levels in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons.

Authors: Tang M, Wang M, Xing T, Zeng J, Wang H, Ruan DY Quantum dots (QDs) have shown great promise for applications in biology and medicine, which is being challenged by their potential nanotoxicity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by QDs are believed to be partially responsible for QD cytotoxicity. Cytoplasmic Ca(2+) plays an important role in the development of ROS injury. Here we found unmodified cadmium selenium (CdSe) QDs could elevate cytoplasmic calcium levels ([Ca(2+)](i)) in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons, involved both extracellular Ca(2+) influx and internal Ca(2+) release. More specifically, verapamil and mibefradil (L-type and T-type calcium channels antagonists, respectively) failed to prevent extracellular Ca(2+) influx under QD insult, while omega-cono...

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  Effect of antiepileptic drug polytherapy on urinary pH in children and young adults

Conclusions  Urinary pH should be monitored in patients receiving AED polytherapy, particularly those receiving valproate, acetazolamide, or various AEDs in combination. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00381-008-0687-4Authors Tohshin Go, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Department of Infants’ Brain and Cognitive Development 8-1 Kawada-cho Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8666 Japan Journal Child's Nervous SystemOnline ISSN 1433-0350Print ISSN 0256-7040 (Source: Child's Nervous System)

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  Diagnosis of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder by Video-Polysomnographic Study: Is One Night Enough?

Conclusions: A single night of video-PSG was adequate in the diagnosis of RBD in most clinical patients and the combination of PSG and video analysis could enhance the detection rate further. Our findings have important resource implications. (Source: Sleep)

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  Effects of Various Combinations of Benzodiazepines with Buprenorphine on Arterial Blood Gases in Rats.

In conclusion, not all benzodiazepines induce significant respiratory depression at therapeutic doses. We were unable to demonstrate significant effects on rat ventilatory parameters of buprenorphine combined with equi-efficacious pharmacological doses of benzodiazepines in comparison with buprenorphine alone. Our results may suggest that effects of these combinations are rather mild. Respiratory failure may, however, result from the association of buprenorphine with elevated doses of benzodiazepines. PMID: 18684226 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology)

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  [Indications and use of benzodiazepines in a palliative ward.]

CONCLUSION: The majority of patients had been treated with benzodiazepines whereas only very few had received deep and continuous sedation. PMID: 18612660 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Schmerz)

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  Determination of illicit and medicinal drugs and their metabolites in oral fluid and preserved oral fluid by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Authors: Concheiro M, de Castro A, Quintela O, Cruz A, López-Rivadulla M An LC-MS/MS method using 0.5 ml of oral fluid was developed for the determination of morphine, codeine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, methadone, amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine, benzoylecgonine, cocaine, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, zolpidem, zopiclone, alprazolam, clonazepam, oxazepam, nordiazepam, lorazepam, flunitrazepam, diazepam, diphenhydramine and amitriptyline. The method was fully validated in terms of linearity (the method was linear between 1-5 microg/L and 100-200 microg/L) recoveries (7.5-82.6%), within-day and between-day precisions and accuracies (CV and MRE, both <15%), limits of detection (0.5 mi...

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  A case of zolpidem dependence successfully detoxified with clonazepam.

Authors: Jana AK, Arora M, Khess CR, Praharaj SK PMID: 18612891 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal on Addictions)

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  A case of zolpidem dependence successfully detoxified with clonazepam.

Authors: Jana AK, Arora M, Khess CR, Praharaj SK PMID: 18612891 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: American Journal on Addictions)

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  Deep brain stimulation for Holmes’ tremor related to a thalamic abscess

Conclusion  This case demonstrates that medically resistant Holmes’ tremor related to a thalamic lesion can be successfully treated with thalamic deep brain stimulation. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s00381-008-0644-2Authors Selcuk Peker, Acibadem University School of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Neurological Sciences Istanbul TurkeyUgur Isik, Acibadem University School of Medicine Division of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital for Neurological Sciences Istanbul TurkeyYasemin Akgun, Acibadem University School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Hospital for Neurological Sciences Istanbul TurkeyMemet Ozek, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Marmara University Medical Center Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Neu...

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  Cluster headache with Brugada electrocardiogram pattern: a case report

Abstract  Agents including the effect on sodium channel are restricted in patients with Brugada electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern or Brugada syndrome. On the other hand, many therapeutic agents for cluster headache (CH) block sodium channel. After recommended therapies without sodium channel blocking effect were failed in a 40-year-old male with CH whose ECG shows Brugada ECG pattern, clonazepam and codein phosphate, which are exceptional treatments for CH, were effective for severe unilateral orbital pain. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Brief ReportDOI 10.1007/s10194-008-0049-3Authors Yuka Matsuki, University of Fukui Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Eiheijicho, Yoshidagun Fukui 910-1193 JapanMunetaka Hirose, University of F...

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  A study on epileptic negative myoclonus in atypical benign partial epilepsy of childhood.

Conclusion. The incidence of ENM or ABPE in our center was approximately 5.79%. A combination of video-EEG monitoring with the patient's arms outstretched and EMG is essential to identify ENM. The aggravation of habitual seizures and interictal discharges indicate ENM. Some antiepileptic drugs, such as carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and phenobarbital, may be related to ENM occurrence during spontaneous aggravation of ABPE. Various combinations of valproate, benzodiazepines, and corticosteroids are relatively effective for treating ENM that occurs in ABPE. PMID: 18562140 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Brain & Development)

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  Non-fatal overdose of duloxetine in combination with other antidepressants and benzodiazepines.

Authors: Menchetti M, Ferrari Gozzi B, Addolorata Saracino M, Mercolini L, Petio C, Augusta Raggi M The pharmaco-toxicological profile of duloxetine, a novel SNRI antidepressant, is still not completely known; in particular, intoxication cases have been scarcely studied. Here a duloxetine overdose case, in combination with other antidepressants and benzodiazepines, is reported and the chemical-clinical correlations discussed; this is probably the first detailed report of such a case. The patient referred to have ingested nine tablets of Cymbalta((R)) (more than 500 mg of duloxetine) and high amounts of four other drugs (venlafaxine, trazodone, sertraline and clonazepam). The patient was dozy and confused and some electrolyte imbalances were found. After gastrolavage, toxicological anal...

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  Tolerability and efficacy of oral loading of levetiracetam

Conclusions: In the population surveyed, oral loading with levetiracetam was well-tolerated and rapidly yielded serum concentrations thought to decrease seizure frequency. This regimen facilitated discharge from the epilepsy monitoring units. GLOSSARY: AEDs = antiepileptic drugs; CBZ = carbamazepine; CZP = clonazepam; EMU = epilepsy monitoring units; GPN = gabapentin; LEV = levetiracetam; LTG = lamotrigine; OXC = oxcarbazepine; PB = phenobarbital; PHT = phenytoin; TPM = topiramate; VPA = valproic acid; ZNS = zonisamide. (Source: Neurology)

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  Clonazepam(Clonazepam) Tablet [Watson Laboratories, Inc.]

Updated Date: May 22, 2008 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Influence of Incorporation Methods on Partitioning Behavior of Lipophilic Drugs into Various Phases of a Parenteral Lipid Emulsion.

Authors: Sila-On W, Vardhanabhuti N, Ongpipattanakul B, Kulvanich P The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of drug incorporation methods on the partitioning behavior of lipophilic drugs in parenteral lipid emulsions. Four lipophilic benzodiazepines, alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, and lorazepam, were used as model drugs. Two methods were used to incorporate drugs into an emulsion: dissolving the compound in the oil phase prior to emulsification (de novo emulsification), and directly adding a concentrated solution of drug in a solubilizer to the emulsion base (extemporaneous addition). Based on the molecular structures and determination of the oil and aqueous solubilities and the partition coefficients of the drugs, the lipophilicity was ranked as diazepam > clonaz...

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  Residual effect of a 7-amino metabolite of clonazepam on GABAA receptor function in the nucleus reticularis thalami of the rat

Epilepsia, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???, OnlineEarly Articles. Summary A considerable amount of 7-aminoclonazepam (ACZP), a major metabolite of clonazepam (CZP), is present in the brain during CZP treatment, yet the pharmacological properties of ACZP remain unknown. We investigated the effects of ACZP on the GABAA ... (Source: Epilepsia)

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  Management of and prophylaxis against status epilepticus in children with severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI; Dravet syndrome) - A nationwide questionnaire survey in Japan.

Conclusions: Daily KBr was most efficacious for controlling seizures in SMEI patients. Early use of intravenous barbiturates is the most effective strategy in stopping SE in a subset of patients. Reliable efficacy in SE was not obtained with prophylactic DZP, intravenous benzodiazepines (BZPs), PHT and Lid. PMID: 18424028 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Brain & Development)

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  Oral clonazepam sensitive focal status epilepticus (FSE)

Abstract  Focal status epilepticus (FSE) and Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) are relatively uncommon disorders. Antiepileptic drugs do not usually alter the FSE-EPC. An 11 year old female patient with progressive neurologic deficits and FSE showed a remarkable response to clonazepam, both clinically and electrophysiologically. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical BriefsDOI 10.1007/BF02845219Authors M. V. Padma, AIIMS Department of Neurology 110029 New DelhiS. Jain, AIIMS Department of Neurology 110029 New DelhiM. C. Maheshwari, AIIMS Department of Neurology 110029 New Delhi Journal Indian Journal of PediatricsOnline ISSN 0973-7693Print ISSN 0019-5456 Journal Volume Volume 64 Journal Issue Volume 64, Number 3 / May, 1997 (Source: Indian Journal of...

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  Calcineurin-inhibitor-induced pain syndrome after bone marrow transplantation

Abstract  Calcineurin-inhibitor-induced pain syndrome (CIPS), a rare complication seen in patients with organ transplants, is associated with the use of calcineurin inhibitors (CIs) such as cyclosporine (CSP) and tacrolimus (FK). Patients with this syndrome usually present with severe leg pain. This case report demonstrates the successful pain control of this pain syndrome in a 42-year-old female patient who had been given CIs (FK and CSP) as an immunosuppressive agent after a bone marrow transplant. Twenty-one days after the transplantation, she complained of severe pain in her bilateral lower extremities; this lasted several weeks, and was resistant to ordinary analgesics such as intramuscular pentazocine, intravenous morphine, and even oral nifedipine, which is generally...

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  Multiple rhythmic movement disorders in a teenage boy with excellent response to clonazepam

No abstract. (Source: Movement Disorders)

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  REM sleep behaviour disorder treated with melatonin in a patient with Alzheimer's disease.

We report a case of a 68-year-old man with probable Alzheimer's disease who developed rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder. This was confirmed with polysomnography but the patient also had some sleep apnea, which prevented the use of clonazepam for treatment. Melatonin was successfully used as an alternative treatment. PMID: 18299172 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)

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  Investigation of the anticonvulsive effect of acute immobilization stress in anxious Balb/cByJ mice using GABAA-related mechanistic probes

Conclusions  These findings support the hypothesis suggesting an involvement of neuroactive steroids in the anticonvulsive effect of restraint stress. The dual and complementary mechanisms of action of etifoxine (directly on the GABAA receptor and indirectly via the neuroactive steroids) may represent a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of various anxiety disorders with abnormal production of neuroactive steroids. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original InvestigationDOI 10.1007/s00213-007-1066-7Authors Marc Verleye, Biocodex Département de Pharmacologie Chemin d’Armancourt 60200 Compiègne FranceIsabelle Heulard, Biocodex Département de Pharmacologie Chemin d’Armancourt 60200 Compiègne FranceJean-Marie Gillardin, Biocodex Département de Pharmacologie C...

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  Clonazepam(Clonazepam) Tablet [Actavis Elizabeth LLC]

Updated Date: Jan 31, 2008 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Current treatment for hemi-facial spasm (alternatives to botox) including use of dopamine in this condition

The PatientPlus web site contains an article on hemifacial spasm (HFS) in which it notes:"Management In most patients, the treatment of choice is injection of Botulinum A toxin under EMG guidance…Botulinum A toxin therapy has largely supplanted surgical intervention in the treatment of essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm • Response to medication varies but can be satisfactory in early or mild cases. The most helpful agents are carbamazepine and benzodiazepines (eg, baclofen, clonazepam). (Source: NLH Question Answering Service)

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  Cardiac Malformations Are Increased in Infants of Mothers with Epilepsy

We examined 462 babies. Maternal epilepsy was generalized in 201 (43.50%) or localization related in 241 (52.2%). The AED exposure was monotherapy in 262 (56.7%)—carbamazepine (112), valproate (71), phenobarbitone (43), phenytoin (31), and clonazepam (2)—and polytherapy in 126 (27.3%). Seventy-four infants (16.01%) had no AED exposure. There were 36 infants with CM (7.8%; 95% confidence interval: 5.5–10.6). CMs included atrial septal defect (26; 72.2%), tetrology of Fallot (3; 8.3%), patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonic stenosis (2 each; 5.6%), and ventricular septal defect, tricuspid regurgitation, transposition of great arteries (1 each; 2.8%). CMs were significantly more for IMEs with premature birth (p < .003). There was no association between CM and maternal ...

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  Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Announces Receipt Of FDA Orphan Drug Designation For Recurrent Acute Repetitive Seizures Product Candidate

Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: JAZZ) announced that it has received orphan drug designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its JZP-8 product candidate for the treatment of recurrent acute repetitive seizures. In December 2007, Jazz Pharmaceuticals dosed the first patient in a Phase II clinical trial of JZP-8. JZP-8 is a novel drug delivery formulation incorporating clonazepam, a widely prescribed benzodiazepine. (Source: Epilepsy News From Medical News Today)

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  clonazepam, Klonopin

Title: clonazepam, KlonopinCategory: MedicationsCreated: 12/31/1997Last Editorial Review: 1/7/2008 (Source: MedicineNet Senior Health General)

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  Identification of a de novo Lys304Gln mutation in the glycine receptor [alpha]-1 subunit gene in a Korean infant with hyperekplexia

Startle disease or hyperekplexia (STHE; MIM 149400) is a rare disorder that is characterized by marked muscular hypertonia in infancy and an exaggerated startle response to unexpected acoustic or tactile stimuli. Mutations in the gene encoding the [alpha]-1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor (GLRA1) were reported as causes of STHE. Recently, we encountered a Korean male infant with generalized stiffness that was observed from the first 3 days of life. The abnormal startle response was evident from the fourth week of life, and he showed marked improvement in the startle response and muscle hypertonia after being administered phenobarbital and clonazepam. Direct sequencing analysis of the infant and his parents revealed a de novo variation (c.910A>C) in the GLRA1 gene, resulting in a...

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  Association of body rolling, leg rolling, and rhythmic feet movements in a young adult: A video-polysomnographic study performed before and after one night of clonazepam

We report clinical and polysomnographic data of a young adult affected by several forms of rhythmic movement disorder (RMD), present in the same night, including a new kind of it, known as rhythmic feet movements. The patient was monitored by means of three consecutive video-polysomnographic recordings, the first two performed to confirm the presence of the sleep disorder and the last one to observe the acute effectiveness of clonazepam on rhythmic movements. We discuss the characteristics of the RMD and the response to the first administration of pharmacological treatment, observed in our patient. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society (Source: Movement Disorders)

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  Burning mouth syndrome and burning mouth in hypothyroidism: proposal for a diagnostic and therapeutic protocol.

CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that subjects with thyroid alterations are often considered to be BMS patients and that hypothyroidism could be responsible for oral burning and/or dysgeusia in some supertaster subjects. For these reasons, we propose that the study of thyroid function be inserted in the diagnostic process for BMS patients. PMID: 18155597 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics)

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  Depressive Disorder Associated with Mycophenolate Mofetil

Pharmacotherapy 28(1): 136-139 Abstract Immunosuppressive pharmacologic agents are associated with a diverse array of adverse drug reactions. One of these agents, mycophenolate mofetil, is indicated for prevention of allogeneic organ transplant rejection and has recently been evaluated for treatment of autoimmune disease states, including myasthenia gravis. Although the prescribing information for mycophenolate mofetil reports depression as an adverse event, no descriptions of the onset or manifestation of this idiosyncratic reaction have been published. This case report describes a 64-year-old woman with myasthenia gravis who received mycophenolate mofetil and developed a severe depressive disorder requiring hospitalization 4 days after the start of therapy. The drug was discontinued, and...

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  Methamphetamine psychosis in which tardive dystonia was successfully treated with clonazepam

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Volume 61, Issue 6, Page 691-694, December 2007. Abstract  Reported herein is a case of methamphetamine psychosis in which tardive dystonia was treated successfully with clonazepam. The patient was a 69-year-old man who had taken methamphetamine habitually for approximately 40 years. Auditory ... (Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences)

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  Determination of ibogaine and noribogaine in biological fluids and hair by LC-MS/MS after Tabernanthe iboga abuse Iboga alkaloids distribution in a drowning death case.

In this study, we report the case of a 37-year-old black male working as a security agent in Paris and found dead naked on the beach in Gabon after consumption of iboga. Autopsy revealed a drowning fatality and a myocardial abnormality (myocardial bridging). Samples of blood, urine, bile, gastric content, liver, lungs, vitreous, spleen and hair were taken. Biological fluids were liquid-liquid extracted with saturated NH(4)Cl pH 9.5 and methylene chloride/isopropanol (95/5, v/v) in presence of clonazepam-d(4), used as internal standard. After decontamination with dichloromethane, hair was cut into small pieces then sonicated for 2h in saturated NH(4)Cl pH 9.5 before extraction by methylene chloride/isopropanol (95/5, v/v). After evaporation the residues were reconstituted in methanol/ACN/fo...

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  Clonazepam(Clonazepam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [BARR LABORATORIES, INC.]

Updated Date: Nov 1, 2007 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Treatment of drop attacks in Coffin-Lowry syndrome with the use of sodium oxybate.

We report on a 22-year-old man with Coffin-Lowry syndrome with stimulus-induced drop episodes, who failed therapy with clonazepam, several antiepileptic drugs, and escitalopram, and who was given a trial of sodium oxybate with complete resolution of the drop attacks. PMID: 17950427 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Pediatric Neurology)

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  Prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics associated with benzodiazepines use among community dwelling older adults: The Bambuí Health and Aging Study (BHAS).

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of benzodiazepine use in the study population was high, but within the variation observed in developed countries. Chronic use of benzodiazepines and long half-life medications predominated. PMID: 17992360 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria)

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  Long-term, high-dose benzodiazepine prescriptions in veteran patients with PTSD: Influence of preexisting alcoholism and drug-abuse diagnoses

Databases from the New England Veterans Integrated Service Network were analyzed to determine factors associated with long-term, high-dose anxiolytic benzodiazepine prescriptions dispensed to patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and existing alcoholism and/or drug abuse diagnoses. Among 2,183 PTSD patients, 234 received the highest 10% average daily doses for alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, or lorazepam, doses above those typically recommended. Highest doses were more commonly prescribed to patients with existing drug abuse diagnoses. Among patients with PTSD and alcoholism, younger age, drug abuse, and concurrent prescriptions for another benzodiazepine and oxycodone/acetaminophen independently predicted high doses. Results indicate that for veteran patients with PTSD, alc...

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  Response of spinal myoclonus to a combination therapy of autogenic training and biofeedback

Conclusion: Psychosomatic therapy with AT and surface EMG-biofeedback produced excellent improvement of myoclonic movements and allowed the reduction of the dosage of conventional medications. (Source: BioMed Central)

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  Clonazepam withdrawal: Insomnia and tension following clonazepam abuse: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  Clonazepam withdrawal: Insomnia and tension following clonazepam abuse: case report.

Page: 12 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

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  Post-hypoxic animal model of myoclonus.

We describe an animal model of post-hypoxic myoclonus developed in our laboratory through cardiac arrest, initially induced by chemical and later by mechanical obstruction of major cardiac vessels. These animals respond to valproate, clonazepam and 5-hydroxytrytophan reminiscent of its human counterpart. We review their behavioral, pharmacological and neuropathological features. Therapy developed for myoclonus in this model may be helpful for myoclonus from other etiologies such as corticobasal degeneration, Lewy-body disorders, Creutzfeld-Jacob disease, Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 17720608 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Parkinsonism and Related Disorders)

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  [Primary and secondary stomatodynia: a difficult diagnosis]

Authors: Madrid C, Bouferrache K, Biollaz B, Möller P, Toma S Primary stomatodynia involves mainly women after menopause presenting somatization, depression and anxiety at values higher than control subjects. This chronic pain is often an intense burning pain beginning in the tongue the entire oral cavity, increasing in intensity through the day with a high level of emotional after effects. These patients often describe two associated symptoms: mouth dryness sensation and altered taste. The causes remain uncertain. The participation of female sexual hormones and neuropathic factors has been suggested possibly through a sensory neuropathy of small fibers of the oral mucosa. Normal clinical examinations and non clinical tests differentiate primary from secondary stomatodynia. The ma...

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  REM sleep disorders and parkinsonism

Abstract   REM sleep abnormalities are frequently encountered in disorders with alpha-synuclein pathology including Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Symptoms of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) may precede the onset of motor and cognitive symptoms in these underlying neurological disorders. Clinical and neuroimaging studies suggest that there may be reductions in dopaminergic mechanisms centrally in primary RBD. Anatomic studies in animals suggest dysfunction of brainstem nuclei. The treatment of RBD has not been adequately evaluated with controlled studies. Clonazepam and melatonin might be effective. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00415-007-5009-3Authors Cynthia L. Comella, Rush University Medical Center Dept. ...

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  Sporadic paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia: a frequently-misdiagnosed movement disorder.

We present a 40-year-old man with non-kinesigenic paroxysmal dyskinesia, which was initially diagnosed as a psychogenic disorder. This case highlights the varied presentation of this condition and an excellent response to clonazepam. PMID: 17728953 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Singapore Medical Journal)

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  Myoclonus or tremor in orthostatism: An under-recognized cause of unsteadiness in Parkinson's disease

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often complain of unsteadiness. This can occur as the result of various neurological dysfunctions, including changes in postural adjustments, loss of postural reflexes, axial akinesia and rigidity, freezing and/or postural hypotension. In some cases these symptoms remain unexplained, and rare cases of unsteadiness have been attributed to tremor on standing. To delineate this condition, we investigated 11 consecutive PD patients with unexplained unsteadiness because of tremor on standing, seen in our department over a 6-year period. All the patients had detailed clinical and electrophysiological investigations based on surface polygraphic electromyographic recordings. Four patients had fast orthostatic tremor (13-18 Hz), one had intermediate orthostati...

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  Table of Contents

Quetiapine Fails to Reduce Agitation/Psychosis in Patients with Dementia and ParkinsonismCholinergic Agents may Improve REM-Sleep Procedural Memory ConsolidationGabapentin-Related Renal FailureDonepezil: Behavioral Worsening in Some Dementia Patients?Risperidone and Rivastigmine for Agitation in Severe ADEditor's CommentaryPossible Beneficial Effects of Clonazepam on Senile DepressionLarge Beta-Amyloid Reduction fREM Behavior Disorder may Lead to Lewy Body DementiaFirst-Time ApprovalsNew FDA Warnings on An-Tidepressant Use and Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior (Source: The Brown University Geriatric Psychopharmacology Update)

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  Sleep Supplements Found To Contain Habit-forming Drug - Health Canada

Health Canada is advising consumers not to use Optimum Health Care SleePlus TCM or BYL SleePlus, because the products contain the undeclared drug clonazepam, which can be habit-forming when used for as little as a few months. Consumers who may still have one of these products in their homes are advised to consult with a health care professional before they stop taking the pills, because of the risk of withdrawal symptoms. [click link for full article] (Source: Sleep / Sleep Disorders News From Medical News Today)

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  Sleep Supplements Found to Contain Habit-forming Drug

Health Canada is advising consumers not to use Optimum Health Care SleePlus TCM or BYL SleePlus, because the products contain the undeclared drug clonazepam. (Source: SleepEducation.com)

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  Clonazepam "may achieve positive results" among patients with pathological childhood aerophagia with psychological stresses

(Source: Inpharma)

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  Genotype-phenotype correlation of paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia

Conclusions: Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) should be strictly defined based on age at onset and ability to precipitate attacks with caffeine and alcohol. Patients with this clinical presentation (which is similar to the phenotype initially reported by Mount and Reback) are likely to harbor myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 (MR-1) gene mutations. Other "PNKD-like" families exist, but atypical features suggests that these subjects are clinically distinct from PNKD and do not have MR-1 mutations. Some may represent paroxysmal exertional dyskinesia. (Source: Neurology)

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  Orthostatic myoclonus: A contributor to gait decline in selected elderly

Conclusions: Orthostatic myoclonus is a unique clinical and physiologic phenomenon that accompanies a slowly progressive and eventually disabling gait disorder in the elderly. This phenomenon often arises in the company of more widespread CNS disease. (Source: Neurology)

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  Clonazepam "may achieve positive results" among patients with pathological childhood aerophagia with psychological stresses,.

Page: 17 (Source: Inpharma Weekly)

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  Lamotrigine in children and adolescents: the impact of age on its serum concentrations and on the extent of drug interactions

Conclusions  Age is an important factor with respect to the pharmacokinetics and the extent of drug interactions of lamotrigine in children and adolescents. In this population, older individuals will need higher doses than younger ones in order to achieve the same serum concentrations. Content TypeJournal Article JournalEuropean Journal of Clinical PharmacologyOnline ISSN 1432-1041Print ISSN 0031-6970 (Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)

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  Pica responding to SSRI: An OCD spectrum disorder?

We describe the case of an adult female patient who developed an impulse to ingest chalk only in stressful situations. These thoughts were ego-dystonic and kept on hammering her mind until she ate it. She was diagnosed as having Major Depressive Disorder with relational problems and pica. We prescribed her escitalopram with clonazepam and asked her to ventilate her feelings during stressful situations. Her depression improved within three weeks, with remarkable improvement in pica symptoms. We concluded that stress may induce the pica in some adults and that such feelings have impulsive/compulsive characters. In addition, appropriate management of stress may help to alleviate the symptoms of pica. PMID: 17853279 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The World Journal of Biologic...

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  Sleep and aging: 2. Management of sleep disorders in older people.

Authors: Wolkove N, Elkholy O, Baltzan M, Palayew M The treatment of sleep-related illness in older patients must be undertaken with an appreciation of the physiologic changes associated with aging. Insomnia is common among older people. When it occurs secondary to another medical condition, treatment of the underlying disorder is imperative. Benzodiazepines, although potentially effective, must be used with care and in conservative doses. Daytime sedation, a common side effect, may limit use of benzodiazepines. Newer non-benzodiazepine drugs appear to be promising. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder can be treated with clonazepam, levodopa-carbidopa or newer dopaminergic agents such as pramipexole. Sleep hygiene is important to patients with narcolepsy. Excessive daytim...

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  The effect of levetiracetam in startle disease

We report a 63-year-old woman with a 4-year history of sporadic startle disease. Auditory startle reactions (ASRs), recorded from face, neck, arm and leg muscles, were exaggerated in all muscles. After treatment with levetiracetam (LEV) 1000 mg bid was commenced clinical symptoms disappeared and ASRs normalized. After withdrawal of LEV her symptoms re-occurred, but again disappeared when treatment with LEV was restarted. Although the mechanisms of action are not understood yet, this is the first report of successful treatment of sporadic startle disease with LEV. Content TypeJournal Article JournalJournal of NeurologyOnline ISSN 1432-1459Print ISSN 0340-5354 (Source: Journal of Neurology)

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  Clonazepam treatment of pathologic childhood aerophagia with psychological stresses.

Authors: Hwang JB, Kim JS, Ahn BH, Jung CH, Lee YH, Kam S The treatment of pathologic aerophagia has rarely been discussed in the literature. In this retrospective study, the authors investigated the effects of clonazepam on the management of pathologic childhood aerophagia (PCA) with psychological stresses (PS), but not with mental retardation. Data from 22 consecutive PCA patients with PS (aged 2 to 10 yr), who had been followed up for over 1 yr, were reviewed. On the basis of videolaryngoscopic views, the authors observed that the pathology of aerophagia was the result of reflex-induced swallowing with paroxysmal openings of the upper esophageal sphincter due to unknown factors and also observed that these reflex-induced openings were subsided after intravenous low dose benzodiazepi...

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  An internet survey of 2,596 people with fibromyalgia

Conclusions: This survey provides a snap-shot of FM at the end of 2005, as reported by a self-selected population of people. This descriptive data has a heuristic function, in that it identifies several issues for further research, such as the prescribing habits of FM health care providers, the role of emotional precipitants, the impact of obesity, the significance of low back pain and the nature of FM related stiffness. (Source: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders)

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  Possible therapeutic effect of clonazepam upon elderly depressive patients

Psychogeriatrics Volume 7, Issue 1, Page 33-36, Mar 2007. (Source: Psychogeriatrics)

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  Spontaneous resolution of intractable epileptic seizures following HHV-7 infection.

Conclusions: The disappearance of intractable epileptic seizures following acute viral infections might be related to the inflammatory or immunologic processes associated with viral infections. This is the first documented case of spontaneous remission of intractable epileptic seizures following HHV-7 infection. PMID: 17005348 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Brain & Development)

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Top Viagra Store

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Indian Meds

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Friendly ED Pharmacy

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Popular ED Products

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Perfect ED Store

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Delhi Drugs

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