MedWorm: Cefuroxime

  Comparative in vitro activity of tigecycline and other antimicrobial agents against Shigella species from Kuwait and the United Arab of Emirates

In conclusion, Shigella spp. isolated from symptomatic patients in Kuwait and the UAE demonstrated high rates of resistance to the first-line antibiotics but very susceptible to the carbapenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and tigecycline. Tigecycline holds promise as a potential drug of choice for the therapy of severe shigellosis. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health)

top  

  CEFUROXIME SODIUMinjection, Powder, For Solution [Samson Medical Technologies, L.L.C.]

Updated Date: Mar 11, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

top  

  Emerging

Verma S, Thakur S, Kanga A, Singh G, Gupta PIndian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2010 28(1):51-53This retrospective study incorporates a six years, six months (January 2000-June 2006) laboratory data comprising 258 isolates of Salmonella. Cultures were identified by standard methods. Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S.Typhi) was the more frequent serotype isolated i.e., 61.62% with the remaining 38.37% being Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A (S. Paratyphi A). There was emergence of S. Paratyphi A as the predominant serotype in 2003-2004 with resurgence of serotype Typhi thereon. A total of 66.27% isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotics. MDR S. Typhi was 10.69% and while 13.13% were MDR S. Paratyphi A. There was decrease in resistanc...

top  

  Determination of an Inoculum Effect with Various Cephalosporins among Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.

Authors: Nannini EC, Stryjewski ME, Singh KV, Rude TH, Corey GR, Fowler VG, Murray BE Using 98 clinical MSSA isolates of known beta-lactamase (Bla) type, we found a pronounced inoculum effect for cephalexin (mostly Bla type A and C strains), mild for cephalothin (especially type B and C), and nonexistence for ceftriaxone and cefuroxime. Ceftobiprole showed the lowest MICs at high inoculum but with a slight increase for Bla-positive versus Bla-negative strains. Since a potential therapeutic effect associated with a cephalosporin inoculum effect has been described, further studies are warranted. PMID: 20211890 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

top  

  [Changes in the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates from community diagnosed urinary tract infections during the period 2003-2007. Multicentre study in Castilla la Mancha (Spain).]

Conclusions: We observed a significantly reduction of E. coli susceptibility for most antibiotics and an increase of E. coli isolates producing ESBLs. Fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin are the best choices for empiric treatment. Prospective studies should be performed in the future to confirm the results of our study. PMID: 20232022 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia)

top  

  Acute Intravascular Haemolysis Associated with Intravenous Administration of Meropenem in a Sixty Four Year Old Man.

We present the first reported case of severe intravascular haemolysis associated with the use of meropenem in a 64 year old man. The report highlights a further possible drug related cause of intravascular haemolysis. The patient, who had a background of dialysis dependent renal failure, epilepsy and learning difficulties, was admitted to the intensive care unit following laparotomy and large bowel resection. His background also included a reported childhood allergy to penicillin. Along with initial haemodynamic and ventilatory support he was treated with cefuroxime, metronidazole and gentamicin without incident. He went on to develop an abdominal collection, for which treatment included meropenem. Associated with the administration of meropenem was the development of severe intravascular ...

top  

  Cefuroxime axetil: Anaphylaxis with Kounis syndrome: case report

(Source: Reactions)

top  

  Effectiveness of intracameral cefuroxime in preventing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: Ten-year comparative study

Purpose: To determine the differences in the endophthalmitis rates in cataract surgery before and after prophylactic use of intracameral cefuroxime.Setting: University Hospital Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.Methods: This prospective study evaluated patients who had cataract surgery at a university eye center over a 10-year period (1999 to 2008). Since the protocol's approval by the Hospital Board in October 2005 to the end of the 10-year period, cataract patients were routinely treated with prophylactic intracameral cefuroxime. A database was used to measure the occurrence of endophthalmitis postoperatively. Then, the incidence of endophthalmitis before and after generalized use of prophylactic cefuroxime was compared. The effect of cefuroxime was evaluated by the relative risk.Resul...

top  

  Assessing the accuracy of intracameral antibiotic preparation for use in cataract surgery

Conclusions: This study shows that the mathematical accuracy of a dilution protocol does not ensure dosage accuracy in the clinical scenario. Inadequate mixing in a 1.0 mL syringe was probably responsible for the inaccuracy of protocol 2, indicating that small-volume syringes should not be used for mixing. However, protocol 1 had an acceptable range of variability. Replication of this study could evaluate other protocols and address concerns regarding the accuracy of intracameral antibiotic preparations.Financial Disclosure: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. (Source: Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery)

top  

  Med Sci Monit 2010; 16(2):CR84-91 "Bacterial colonization of pleural drains in patients with lung cancer: An analysis of risk factors"

Conclusions: Patients with resectable lung cancer showed a high rate of pleural drain colonization, mainly by opportunistic pathogens, even in the absence of clinical signs of infection. (Source: Medical Science Monitor)

top  

  CEFTIN (Cefuroxime Axetil) Powder, For Suspension CEFTIN (Cefuroxime Axetil) Tablet, Film Coated [GlaxoSmithKline LLC]

Updated Date: Jan 28, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

top  

  ZINACEF (Cefuroxime) Injection, Solution ZINACEF (Cefuroxime) Injection, Powder, Lyophilized, For Solution [GlaxoSmithKline LLC]

Updated Date: Jan 28, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

top  

  Cefuroxime axetil: Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in a child: case report

(Source: Reactions)

top  

  Are cefuroxime and vancomycin really safe on the corneal endothelial cells?

Conclusions  Corneal endothelial cells are very sensitive to any form of toxic exposure. Using intracameral cefuroxime during the anterior segment surgery may be more toxic on the endothelial tissue in patients with vulnerable corneal endothelium. Because of the definite risk of dosage errors, these agents should be prepared in the hospital pharmacy and not in the operating theatre. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory CorneaDOI 10.1007/s00417-009-1267-3Authors Tök Y. Özlem, Ankara Training and Research Hospital Department of Ophthalmology Ankara TurkeyDemir M. Necati, Ankara Training and Research Hospital Department of Ophthalmology Ankara TurkeyYilmaz M. Fatma, Ankara Training and Research Hospital Department of Biochemistry Ankara TurkeyYilmaz Gülsen, Ankara Trai...

top  

  Emerging <i>Salmonella</i> Paratyphi A enteric fever and changing trends in antimicrobial resistance pattern of salmonella in Shimla

Verma S, Thakur S, Kanga A, Singh G, Gupta PIndian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2010 28(1):51-53This retrospective study incorporates a six years, six months (January 2000-June 2006) laboratory data comprising 258 isolates of Salmonella. Cultures were identified by standard methods. &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;enterica&lt;/i&gt; serotype Typhi (&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;.Typhi) was the more frequent serotype isolated i.e., 61.62% with the remaining 38.37% being &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;enterica&lt;/i&gt; serotype Paratyphi A (&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;. Paratyphi A). There was emergence of �...

top  

  Are local clinical guidelines useful in promoting rational use of antibiotic prophylaxis in Caesarean delivery?

Conclusion In an attempt to ensure cost-effective prophylactic use of antibiotics in Caesarean delivery, local clinical guidelines were introduced. They resulted in changes in prescribing patterns of antibiotics. There was a significant decrease in use of ‘third’ generation of cephalosporin’s whereas the use of “older” antibiotics with proven efficacy and safety increased. In contrast, there was no significant change in treatment outcomes such as wound infection and average hospital stay. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Research ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11096-009-9359-zAuthors Svetlana Ristić, University of Belgrade Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics “Narodni front”, Medical School Belgrade SerbiaBranislava Miljković, University of Belgrade Department of Pharmacok...

top  

  Subjective Symptoms after Treatment of Early Lyme Disease

Conclusion: No significant differences were identified between doxycycline and cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of European patients with erythema migrans. The frequency of nonspecific symptoms in patients did not exceed that of a control group at ≥6 months after enrollment. We advocate inclusion of appropriate non-Lyme disease control groups in future studies in which nonspecific subjective symptoms are assessed after antibiotic therapy. (Source: The American Journal of Medicine)

top  

  CEFTIN (Cefuroxime Axetil) Powder, For Suspension CEFTIN (Cefuroxime Axetil) Tablet, Film Coated [GlaxoSmithKline LLC]

Updated Date: Dec 14, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

top  

  Presumed endophthalmitis following Boston keratoprosthesis treated with 25 gauge vitrectomy: a report of three cases

Conclusion  We present our experience from managing presumed bacterial endophthalmitis with 25 g PPV in patients previously implanted with Boston Kpro, which to the best of our knowledge has not been reported before. Although the number of cases is small to draw accurate conclusions, we have to report that 25 g vitrectomy was performed without significant difficulties and seems to be a useful tool for the management of patients with Kpros requiring vitreoretinal surgery. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s00417-009-1230-3Authors Ilias Georgalas, University of Athens Department of Ophthalmology, “G.Gennimatas” Hospital Athens GreeceAnastasios J. Kanelopoulos, Laser vision Institute Athens GreecePetros Petrou, University of Athens...

top  

  The occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons among commensal Escherichia coli isolates from infants and elderly persons

Background: The aim of our study was to compare the presence of the intI1 gene and its associations with the antibiotic resistance of commensal Escherichia coli strains in children with/without previous antibiotic treatments and elderly hospitalized/healthy individuals. Methods: One-hundred-and-fifteen intestinal E. coli strains were analyzed: 30 strains from 10 antibiotic-naive infants; 27 from 9 antibiotic-treated outpatient infants; 30 from 9 healthy elderly volunteers; and 28 from 9 hospitalized elderly patients. The MIC values of ampicillin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole were measured by E-test and IntI1 was detected by PCR. Results: Out of the 115 strains, 56 (49%) carried class 1 integron genes. Comparing persons without medical intervention...

top  

  Effect of cefuroxime and moxifloxacin on Staphylococcus epidermidis adherence to intraocular lenses.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that moxifloxacin and cefuroxime significantly inhibit bacterial adherence to IOLs. The effect of moxifloxacin on inhibition of bacterial adherence was significantly greater than that of cefuroxime. For this reason moxifloxacin might be considered as a better prophylactic agent. PMID: 20029484 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology)

top  

  Evidence-based adjustment of antibiotic in pediatric complicated appendicitis in the era of antibiotic resistance

Conclusions  One-fourth of children with gangrenous or ruptured appendicitis were insensitive to the current regime. This study provides evidence-based information on the choice of antibiotics. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00383-009-2540-6Authors Kin Wai Edwin Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR ChinaKim Hung Lee, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR ChinaJennifer Wai Cheung Mou, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Depa...

top  

  Impact of a Change in Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Total Antibiotic Use in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit

Conclusion  Change to single shot prophylaxis along with an ongoing antibiotic stewardship program resulted in a cut-back in total antibiotic use amounting to as much as 15%. It would therefore appear that targeting interventions aimed at reducing antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical ICUs may be very worthwhile. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical and Epidemiological StudyDOI 10.1007/s15010-009-9115-2Authors E. Meyer, Charité University Medicine Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine Hindenburgdamm 27 12203 Berlin GermanyF. Schwab, Charité University Medicine Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine Hindenburgdamm 27 12203 Berlin GermanyA. Pollitt, Klinikum Stuttgart, Katharinenhospital Institute of Hospital Hygiene Stuttgart GermanyW. Bettolo...

top  

  Acute uncomplicated cystitis: from surveillance data to a rationale for empirical treatment

In conclusion, increased co-trimoxazole non-susceptibility rates undermine its use as a first-line agent in empirical treatment, especially in cases of recent use of co-trimoxazole and/or amoxicillin. Fluoroquinolones display potent in vitro activity against community uropathogens, but prudent use is warranted for uncomplicated infections. Mecillinam and nitrofurantoin could serve as effective front-line agents in an effort to design fluoroquinolones-sparing regimens. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)

top  

  Effect of Periarticular Corticosteroid Injections During Total Knee Arthroplasty. A Double-Blind Randomized Trial

Conclusions: The periarticular injection of a corticosteroid may reduce the length of the hospital stay following total knee arthroplasty, but it does not appear to improve pain relief, motion, or function in the early postoperative period. While we cannot definitively state that the corticosteroid was a causative factor in the development of the infection at the site of the prosthetic joint, we cannot rule it out either, which raises concern regarding the role of corticosteroids in perioperative pain management following total knee arthroplasty. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. (Source: JBJS [Am])

top  

  ZINACEF (Cefuroxime) Injection, Solution ZINACEF (Cefuroxime) Injection, Powder, Lyophilized, For Solution [SmithKline Beecham Corporation]

Updated Date: Nov 2, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

top  

  Molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class A {beta}-lactamase from Pseudomonas luteola.

Authors: Doublet B, Robin F, Casin I, Fabre L, Le Fleche A, Bonnet R, Weill FX Pseudomonas luteola (formerly classified as CDC group Ve-1 and named Chryseomonas luteola) is an unusual pathogen implicated in rare but serious infections in humans. A novel beta-lactamase gene, blaLUT-1 was cloned from the whole-cell DNA of the P. luteola clinical isolate LAM, which had a weak narrow-spectrum beta-lactam-resistant phenotype, and expressed in Escherichia coli. This gene encoded LUT-1, a 296-amino acid Ambler class A beta-lactamase with a pI value of 6 and a theoretical molecular mass of 28.9 kD. The catalytic efficiency of this enzyme was higher for cephalothin, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime than for penicillins. It was found to be 49 % to 59 % identical to other Ambler class A beta-lactamases...

top  

  Antimicrobial Resistance in Haemophilus influenzae Respiratory Tract Isolates in Korea: Results of the Nationwide Acute Respiratory Infections Surveillance.

Authors: Bae S, Lee J, Lee J, Kim E, Lee S, Yu J, Kang Y Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and beta-lactam resistance mechanisms of 544 H. influenzae isolates through the nationwide Acute Respiratory Infections Surveillance (ARIS) network in Korea during 2005 and 2006 were determined. Resistance to ampicillin was 58.5%, followed by cefuroxime (23.3%), clarithromycin (18.7%), cefaclor (17.0%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (10.4%), and chloramphenicol (8.1%). Levofloxacin and cefotaxime were the most active agents tested in this study. beta-lactamase production (52.4%) was the main mechanism of ampicillin resistance, with the rate (96.1%) of TEM-1 type beta-lactamase. According to their beta-lactam resistance mechanisms, all isolates were classified into the following groups: beta-lactama...

top  

  Effect of periarticular corticosteroid injections during total knee arthroplasty. A double-blind randomized trial.

CONCLUSIONS: The periarticular injection of a corticosteroid may reduce the length of the hospital stay following total knee arthroplasty, but it does not appear to improve pain relief, motion, or function in the early postoperative period. While we cannot definitively state that the corticosteroid was a causative factor in the development of the infection at the site of the prosthetic joint, we cannot rule it out either, which raises concern regarding the role of corticosteroids in perioperative pain management following total knee arthroplasty. PMID: 19884426 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume)

top  

  An Outbreak of Early-Onset Endophthalmitis Caused by Fusarium Species following Cataract Surgery.

Conclusion: Fusarium should be considered in the differential diagnosis of early-onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. An aggressive treatment with local and systemic antifungal agents and multiple vitrectomies with silicone oil injection is helpful in the management of postoperative early-onset Fusarium endophthalmitis. In the prevention of such outbreaks, it is important to use solutions prepared differently for each patient. PMID: 19958115 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Eye Research)

top  

  Cefuroxime dilution error.

Conclusions. Inadvertent intracameral (3 mg in 0.1 mL) cefuroxime injection did not cause any detectable adverse effect on ocular tissues. PMID: 19882526 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Ophthalmology)

top  

  Empiric antibiotic therapy in acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections and fluoroquinolone resistance: a prospective observational study

Background: The aims of this study were to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of urinary isolates from community acquired acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTI) and to evaluate which antibiotics were empirically prescribed in the outpatient management of uUTI. Methods: Among the patients which were admitted to outpatient clinics of Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ibni-Sina Hospital during 2005-2006, a total of 429 women between the age of 18 and 65 years old who were clinically diagnosed with uUTI and to whom prescribed empirical antibiotics were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Patients' demographical data, urine culture results, resistance rates to antimicrobial agents and prescribed empiric antimicrobial therapy were analyzed. Results: T...

top  

  Clinical research The effect of treatment on lipid peroxidation in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage

Conclusions: Surgical and pharmacological treatment of SAH patients restored prooxidant-antioxidant balance. Evaluation of TBARS and CD level, in SAH patients’ peripheral blood may help to monitor the therapy efficiency in normalization of CNS oxygen metabolism. (Source: Articles of Archives of Medical Science - TERMEDIA publishing house)

top  

  Med Sci Monit 2009; 15(11):PI61-65 "Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli in outpatient urinary isolates in Izmir, Turkey"

Conclusions: The most important finding of our study is that a considerable proportion of the studied E. coli isolates were resistant to most antibiotics except amikacin. These data provide useful information for clinicians in determining the appropriate empirical antimicrobial regimen, and help authorities to formulate antibiotic prescription policies. (Source: Medical Science Monitor)

top  

  Rare extraintestinal infection caused by toxin-producing Clostridium difficile.

We report here on rare extraintestinal infection caused by toxigenic C. difficile: 31-year-old male, accident victim was admitted to the hospital because of polytrauma. Microbiological examination of the pus revealed a toxin-producing C. difficile as an etiologic factor of this infection. Empiric antibiotic treatment with cefuroxime had been administered right after the positive microbiological result. On the basis of antibiotic susceptibility testing, the isolated strain was susceptible to most antimicrobials, except from cefoxitin, thus cefuroxime was changed to imipenem. PMID: 19835967 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anaerobe)

top  

  Antibacterial class is not obviously important in outpatient pneumonia: a meta-analysis

Source: DARE Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews CRD Summary: This review assessed whether improved clinical and mortality outcomes are achieved for outpatient community acquired pneumonia treated with antibacterials with coverage against atypical organisms. The authors concluded that there was no evidence of superiority for any drug comparison. Given some methodological uncertainties identified in the review process, the extent to which this conclusion was reliable was unclear. [The included studies assessed the following oral therapies at differing doses: fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, grepafloxacin, trovafloxacin); macrolides (clarithromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin); cephalosporins (cefaclor, cefixime, ceftidoren, cefuroxime); and penicillin (am...

top  

  Implant orthopaedic surgery in HIV asymptomatic carriers: Management and early outcome

Conclusions: The authors conclude that if a prolonged prophylactic antibiotic therapy and systematic antiretroviral therapy are given to HIV immune-depressed carriers undergoing implant orthopaedic surgery, their post-operative infection risk may be close to that of non-HIV carriers. (Source: Injury)

top  

  Anti-inflammatory effects of antibacterials on human bronchial epithelial cells

Background: Human Bronchial epithelial cells (hu-BEC) have been claimed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory airway diseases like COPD. In this context IL-8 and GM-CSF have been shown to be key cytokines. Some antibiotics which are routinely used to treat lower respiratory tract infections have been shown to exert additional immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated whether these effects can also be detected in hu-BEC. Methods: Hu-BEC obtained from patients undergoing lung resections were transferred to air-liquid-interface (ALI) culture. These cultures were incubated with cefuroxime (CXM, 10-62.5 mg/l), azithromycin (AZM, 0.1-1.5 mg/l), levofloxacin (LVX, 1-8 mg/l) and moxifloxacin (MXF, 1-16 mg/l). The spontaneous and TNF-alpha (10 n...

top  

  Reply: Cataract surgery in infant eyes with microphthalmos

Khokhar and Dave express concern about the efficacy and safety of intracameral vancomycin in pediatric eyes in which PCCC and anterior vitrectomy have been performed. In the ESCRS endophthalmitis study, the use of intracameral cefuroxime in adults reduced the risk for endophthalmitis. Intracameral vancomycin has been safely and effectively used in adults for endophthalmitis prophylaxis. We believe it will be equally effective in pediatric eyes. In our series, we patched the child's eye for 2 hours only, following which the patch was removed and antibiotic eyedrops were started. Therefore, by the time anterior chamber clearing was complete, the child had started on topical antibiotic agents. (Source: Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery)

top  

  Cefuroxime axetil/dextromethorphan/paracetamol/pseudoephedrine: Arrhythmias and shock: case report

(Source: Reactions)

top  

  Cefuroxime: Pemphigus erythematous: case report

(Source: Reactions)

top  

  Characterization of a New Metallo-{beta}-lactamase gene, blaNDM-1, and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India.

Authors: Yong D, Toleman MA, Giske CG, Cho HS, Sundman K, Lee K, Walsh TR A Swedish patient of Indian origin travelled to New Delhi and acquired a UTI caused by a carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae typing to complex ST14. The isolate, K. pneumoniae 05-506, was shown to possess a metallo-beta-lactamase (MBLs) but was negative for previously known MBL genes. Gene libraries and amplification of class 1 integrons revealed three resistant regions; the first, contained blaCMY-4 flanked by ISEcP1 and blc. The second region of 4.8 kb contained a complex class 1 integron with the gene cassettes, arr-2, a new erythromycin esterase gene, ereC, aadA1 and cmlA7. An intact ISCR1 was shown to be downstream from the qac/sul genes. The third region consisted of a new MBL gene, designated blaNDM...

top  

  In vitro susceptibility to 17 antimicrobials of clinical Clostridium difficile isolates collected in 1993–2007 in Sweden

This study investigated the MICs of 17 antimicrobials, for 606 toxigenic clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile collected between 1993 and 2007 in Sweden. Low MIC90 values were found for metronidazole (0.5 mg/L), vancomycin (1.0 mg/L), teicoplanin (0.125 mg/L), fusidic acid (1.0 mg/L), linezolid (2.0 mg/L), daptomycin (2.0 mg/L) and tigecycline (0.064 mg/L). Three isolates (0.5%) had elevated MICs for vancomycin (4[ndash]8 mg/L); however, these isolates originated from the same patient, who was receiving long-term intravenous vancomycin treatment. High-level clindamycin resistant isolates (MIC >256 mg/L) peaked in 1997 with 39 of 95 (41%) and out of these, 36% were also highly resistant to erythromycin. [beta]-Lactams such as penicillin V and piperacillin displayed MIC90s of 8 and 32 m...

top  

  Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns of clinical bacterial isolates in a University Hospital

The objective of this study was to determine the patterns of bacterial isolates found in blood culture of patients with bactermia in King Abdul Aziz University Hospital in addition to determination of antibiotic resistance. A retrospective analysis of the 672 positive samples collected over the period of December 2006–December 2008. The observed mean age was 40 years with comparable distribution in both genders. 65.2% of the population were Non-Saudi. 65.5% of isolates were Gram positive, mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis, on the other hand Klebsiella was the common Gram negative bacteria. Diabetes has been observed in 38.5%. Mortality was 32.4 (P-value 0.001) in diabetic patients versus non-diabetics. Benzyl penicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, oxacillin c...

top  

  Endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: The sucking corneal wound

We were quite surprised, and also concerned, to note that a patient given the proposed Northern European panacea for prevention of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery (that is, intracameral cefuroxime) developed bilateral postoperative endophthalmitis. This occurred 4 days after bilateral cataract surgery performed at the same sitting. (Source: Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery)

top  

  Clinical observations associated with proven and unproven cases in the ESCRS study of prophylaxis of postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery

Conclusion: Swollen lids, pain, and an opaque vitreous were statistically associated with proven endophthalmitis cases in the ESCRS study. (Source: Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery)

top  

  Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 3 among Costa Rican Children with Otitis Media: clinical, epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial resistance patterns

Conclusion: Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 is an important pathogen in Costa Rican children with otitis media, especially in children older than 24 months of age (P=0.05). Most serotype 3 isolates were susceptible to penicillin, cephalosporins, macrolides and quinolones. (Source: BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles)

top  

  Role of Chlamydophila pneumoniae in children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia in Vienna, Austria

No recent Austrian data are available on the epidemiology and morbidity of Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) as causative agent in youths and children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). These data would serve as a rationale for empiric antimicrobial therapy.During winter months 2006/7 112 immunocompetent youths and children between 2 months and 18 years hospitalized consecutively with CAP were prospectively enrolled. Microbiological detection of conventional bacteria, Mycoplasma pneumoniae as well as respiratory viruses was performed, and clinical signs as well as indices of inflammation were documented. Diagnosis of C. pneumoniae was performed by means of species-specific real-time PCR as well as cell culture from respiratory secretions.PCR for C. pneumoniae was ...

top  

  Macrolide-Induced Digoxin Toxicity: A Population-Based Study.

Authors: Gomes T, Mamdani MM, Juurlink DN In this 15-year, population-based, nested case-control study, we investigated the association between hospitalization for digoxin toxicity and recent exposure to individual macrolide antibiotics. Clarithromycin was associated with the highest risk of digoxin toxicity (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 14.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.9-27.9), whereas erythromycin and azithromycin were associated with much lower risk (adjusted OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.7-7.9; and adjusted OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.1-12.5, respectively). We found no increased risk with a neutral comparator, cefuroxime (adjusted OR 0.8; 95% CI 0.2-3.4).Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2009); advance online publication 15 July 2009. doi:10.1038/clpt.2009.127. PMID: 19606089 [PubMed - as supp...

top  

  Quantification and prediction of skin pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin and cefuroxime

In conclusion, this study shows that it is possible to generate a reasonable prediction of skin pharmacokinetics from any plasma level once a careful characterization of the transfer process between plasma and skin has been made. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition)

top  

  Bacterial contamination of blood and blood components in three major blood transfusion centers, accra, ghana.

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bacterial contamination of blood and its products at the three major blood transfusion centers in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Stored whole blood and its products were cultured on different media, and isolates were identified using standard biochemical and bacteriological methods. The susceptibility of the isolates to selected antimicrobial agents was also determined by the disc diffusion method. The overall prevalence rate was 9% (28/303; whole blood, 13% [24/192]; plasma, 3% [2/79]; platelet, 9% [2/22]). The Gram-positive bacteria isolated were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, S. aureus, and Bacillus spp., and the Gram-negative organisms were Yersinia enterocolitica, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerugi...

top  

  Peritonsillar abscess in children in the southern district of Israel

Conclusion: Peritonsillar abscess, a potentially life threatening infection, is similar in presentation and bacteriology in the pediatric and the adult population. Based on our review we conclude that peritonsillar abscess in children can be effectively treated by the same methods used in the adult population. (Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology)

top  

  Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter isolates from free range domestic duck (Cairina moschata) in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania

Abstract  Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from free-ranging ducks was determined in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. Ninety intestinal contents from ducks were screened for thermophilic Campylobacter using Skirrow’s protocol. Of the Campylobacter jejuni isolates, 50 were tested for sensitivity to 12 antibiotics. Overall prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter was 80%. The prevalence of Campylobacter in adult ducks (91.3%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than ducklings (68.2%). The isolation rate of C. jejuni (81.9%) was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than C. coli (18.1%). All C. jejuni isolates were susceptible to streptomycin, nitrofurantoin and amikacin. Forty eight percent, 74% and 82% of isolates were re...

top  

  Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Intracameral Cefuroxime Use for Prophylaxis of Endophthalmitis after Cataract Surgery

Conclusions: Administration of intracameral cefuroxime is relatively cost-effective in preventing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. Owing to their high costs, many commonly used topical antibiotics are not cost-effective compared with intracameral cefuroxime, even under optimistic assumptions about their efficacy.Financial Disclosure(s): The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any of the materials discussed in this article. (Source: Ophthalmology)

top  

  Immediate-type allergic reaction to cefuroxime: cross-reactivity with other cephalosporins, and good tolerance to ceftazidime.

Authors: Varela Losada S, González de la Cuesta C, Alvarez-Eire MG, González González C PMID: 19476025 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology)

top  

  A New Semi-Physiological Absorption Model to Assess the Pharmacodynamic Profile of Cefuroxime Axetil using Nonparametric and Parametric Population Pharmacokinetics.

Authors: Bulitta JB, Landersdorfer CB, Kinzig M, Holzgrabe U, Sorgel F Cefuroxime axetil is widely used to treat respiratory tract infections. We are not aware of a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for cefuroxime axetil. Our objectives were to develop a semi-physiological population PK model and evaluate the pharmacodynamic (PD) profile for cefuroxime axetil. Twenty-four healthy volunteers received 250mg oral cefuroxime as suspension after a standardized breakfast. LC-MS/MS was used for drug analysis, NONMEM and S-ADAPT (results reported) for parametric population PK, and NPAG for nonparametric population PK modeling. Monte Carlo simulations were used to predict the time of non-protein bound concentration above the MIC (fT>MIC). A model with one disposition compartment, a satur...

top  

  Cefuroxime: Drug hypersensitivity: case report

(Source: Reactions)

top  

  The ARESC study: an international survey on the antimicrobial resistance of pathogens involved in uncomplicated urinary tract infections

Abstract: The ARESC (Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiological Survey on Cystitis) study is an international survey to investigate the prevalence and susceptibility of pathogens causing cystitis. Female patients (n=4264) aged 18–65 years with symptoms of uncomplicated cystitis were consecutively enrolled in nine European countries as well as Brazil during 2003–2006. Pathogens were identified and their susceptibility to nine antimicrobials was determined. Escherichia coli accounted for 76.7% of isolates. Among E. coli, 10.3% of the isolates were resistant to at last three different classes of antimicrobial agents. Resistance was most common to ampicillin (48.3%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (29.4%) and nalidixic acid (18.6%). Fosfomycin, mecillinam and nitrofurantoin were the most acti...

top  

  Cefuroxime: Drug hypersensitivity: case report.

Page: 12 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

top  

  Evidence for Practice

Prophylactic regimens for endophthalmitis after cataract surgery include topical antibiotic drops and local antisepsis. However, there is increasing attention on the value of intracameral injection of antibiotics at the close of cataract surgery because this provides immediate, high, sustained antibiotic levels. Cefuroxime has been documented to be safe and effective when used via the intracameral route, and research continues on other antibiotic agents that may prove safe for intracameral injection as alternatives to address ongoing shifts in antimicrobial spectra and sensitivities. Fourth generation fluoroquinolones have been used in topical preoperative and postoperative antibiotic regimens for cataract surgery because of their broad spectrum of activity and overall safety. These agents...

top  

  Characterization of two plasmid-encoded cefotaximases found in clinical Escherichia coli isolates: CTX-M-65 and a novel enzyme, CTX-M-87.

Authors: Yin J, Cheng J, Sun Z, Ye Y, Gao YF, Li JB, Zhang XJ Three clinical strains of Escherichia coli (p168, p517 and p667) were collected in 2006 from three hospitals in Anhui Province (China). PCR and DNA sequencing revealed that E. coli p168 carried a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), which was designated CTX-M-87. The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase which was carried by E. coli p517 and E. coli p667 was previously named CTX-M-65. The deduced amino acid sequence of CTX-M-87, with pI 9.1, differed from that of CTX-M-14 by the substitutions Ala77-->Val and Pro167-->Leu. Like CTX-M-14, CTX-M-87 had a more potent hydrolytic activity against cefotaxime than against ceftazidime and had high affinity for cefuroxime and cefotaxime. These data show that mutations at po...

top  

  Interplay of Efflux, Impermeability, and AmpC Activity Contributes to Cefuroxime Resistance in Clinical, Non-ESBL-Producing Isolates of Escherichia coli

Microbial Drug Resistance , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Microbial Drug Resistance)

top  

  Assessment of methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidases of Borrelia burgdorferi as targets for novel antimicrobials using a novel high-throughput method

Conclusions On the basis of our analysis, we expect that structure-based modification of the inhibitors can be employed to develop highly effective novel antibiotics against Lyme spirochaetes. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

top  

  Influence of different resistance traits on the competitive growth of Haemophilus influenzae in antibiotic-free medium and selection of resistant populations by different {beta}-lactams: an in vitro pharmacodynamic approach

Conclusions Cefditoren offered higher antibacterial effect than cefuroxime and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid against a mixed population of H. influenzae strains due to its higher activity against β-lactamase-producing strains and those carrying ftsI gene mutations. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

top  

  Temporal effects of antibiotic use and Clostridium difficile infections

Conclusions These results provide support for antibiotic policies that minimize the use of broad-spectrum penicillins (co-amoxiclav and piperacillin/tazobactam), cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

top  

  Soft tissue penetration of cefuroxime determined by clinical microdialysis in morbidly obese patients undergoing abdominal surgery

In conclusion, the findings of this pilot study indicate that cefuroxime distributes into the ISF of muscle and s.c. adipose tissue of morbidly obese patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Concentrations in the ISF of soft tissues following a single 1.5g dose may be high enough to prevent infections with Gram-positive organisms but may be insufficient to prevent infections with Gram-negative organisms. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)

top  

  Synthesis, structural characterization and antibacterial activity of novel 7beta-{[3-(substituted phenyl)-2-propenoyl]amino}-3-[(2,5-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methyl)-5-oxo-cis-triazin-3-yl]-thiomethyl-cefalosporins.

Authors: Rodríguez Z, López MA, González M, Tolón B, Nadal L, González L, Vélez H, Fini A A series of 3-[(2,5-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methyl)-5-oxo-cis-triazin-3-yl]-thiomethyl-cefalosporins with various 3-phenyl-2-propenoyl substituted groups at the 7beta-position were synthesized, structurally characterized and evaluated for antibacterial activity in vitro. To prepare these derivatives by the Vilsmeier's reagent method, it was necessary to carefully control the reaction conditions in order to avoid the formation of the biologically inactive alpha epimer. The NMR studies showed that the 3-phenyl-2-propenoyl moiety has little effect on chemical shifts of cephem nucleus protons and carbon atoms. Some of these cephalosporin derivatives showed good in vitro activ...

top  

  Bacterial colonization of stimulation electrode wires in patients undergoing temporary sacral nerve stimulation

Conclusion Bacterial colonization of the temporary stimulation wire is common but appears to be associated with a low risk of clinical infection. A single peri-operative dose of antibiotics does not appear to prevent colonization. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

top  

  Antibiotic therapy improves psoriasis

Antibiotic therapy may improve psoriatic skin lesions, report researchers after studying long-term cefuroxime axetil administration. (Source: MedWire News - Psoriasis)

top  

  Improvement of psoriasis after antibiotic therapy with cefuroxime axetil

(Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology)

top  

  Bartholinitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae: case report and review of literature.

Authors: Parvathi S, Imara AS, Thoduka TG Most of the Bartholin's gland abscesses have been thought to be caused by colonizing micro-organisms of the perineal region. We encountered an interesting case of acute Bartholins abscess caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a primigravida. The abscess was incised and drained. The patient was treated with Cefuroxime. This case is presented for its rarity. PMID: 19332936 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology)

top  

  Cefuroxime axetil/furosemide interaction: First report of an interaction, leading to fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis and granulocytopenia in an elderly patient: case report.

Page: 12 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

top  

  Suboptimal therapy and clinical management of gonorrhoea in an area with high-level antimicrobial resistance

In conclusion, It is crucial to develop treatment guidelines according to regional antimicrobial resistances and educational programmes to improve clinical care for genital gonococcal diseases. (Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS)

top  

  Activity of ceftobiprole and other cephalosporins against extracellular and intracellular (THP-1 macrophages, keratinocytes) forms of Methicillin-Sensitive (MSSA) and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Authors: Lemaire S, Glupczynski Y, Duval V, Joris B, Tulkens PM, Van Bambeke F S. aureus is an opportunistic intracellular organism. Although poorly accumulating in eukaryotic cells, beta-lactams show activity against intracellular MSSA if exposure times and drug concentrations are sufficient. Intraphagocytic MRSA are susceptible to penicillins and carbapenems because acidic pH favors the acylation of PBP 2a by these beta-lactams through pH-induced conformational change. Ceftobiprole, showing almost similar in vitro activities against MRSA and MSSA in broth, was examined for intracellular activity (THP-1 macrophages, keratinocytes) against a panel of hospital-acquired and community-acquired MRSA (MICs: 0.5-2.0 mg/L at pH 7.4 and 0.25-1.0 mg/L at pH 5.5) vs. MSSA isolates, with measurem...

top  

  Cefuroxime: Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis: case report

(Source: Reactions)

top  

  Susceptibility patterns of clinical and fish isolates of Laribacter hongkongensis: comparison of the Etest, disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods

Conclusions Etest and disc diffusion appear to be reliable for evaluation of susceptibilities of L. hongkongensis to imipenem, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. However, these methods may underestimate resistance to other β-lactams. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

top  

  Comparison of antimicrobial resistance patterns between clinical and sewage isolates in a regional hospital in Taiwan

Conclusions: The sewage isolates had higher antimicrobial resistance rates than the clinical isolates from the same hospital.Significance and Impact of the Study: The low efficacy of the hospital sewage treatment may contribute to the dissemination of multidrug resistant bacteria from this hospital compartments to the environment. Practices which limit the disposal of antimicrobial agents into the wastewater system may be the possible measure to prevent the selection of multidrug-resistant bacteria from sewage treatment plants. (Source: Letters in Applied Microbiology)

top  

  Cefuroxime: Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis: case report.

Page: 14 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

top  

  Giant Cell Tubulitis With Immune Complex Deposits in a Patient With Lupus Nephritis

We report a case of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis with giant cell tubulitis and tubular basement membrane immune complex deposits in a patient with membranous lupus nephritis. The patient, who had no prior evidence of lupus nephritis, developed acute kidney failure and mild proteinuria after cardiac valve replacement surgery. Giant cell tubulitis with tubular basement membrane immune complex deposits has been described in 4 patients after cardiac surgery, 3 of whom received cefuroxime, suggesting the possibility of a drug hypersensitivity reaction. The present case suggests there may also be a pathogenetic role for autoimmunity in this condition. (Source: American Journal of Kidney Diseases)

top  

  Intracellular activity of antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus in the mouse peritonitis model.

Authors: Sandberg A, Hessler JH, Skov RL, Blom J, Frimodt-Møller N Antibiotic treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections is often problematic due to slow response to therapy and high frequency of infection recurrence. Intracellular persistence of the staphylococci has been recognized and could offer a good explanation for these treatment difficulties. Knowledge of the interplay between intracellular antibiotic activity and the overall infection outcome is therefore important. Several intracellular in vitro models have been developed, but few experimental animal models have been published. The mouse peritonitis/sepsis model was used as the basic in vivo model exploring a quantitative ex vivo extra- and intracellular differentiation assay. Intracellular presence of S. aureus was ...

top  

  Susceptibilities of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, including serotype 19A, and Moraxella catarrhalis paediatric isolates from 2005 to 2007 to commonly used antibiotics

Conclusions Despite high rates of β-lactamase production among non-typeable H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis, multiple oral treatment options exist for non-typeable H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. Multidrug-resistant serotype 19A S. pneumoniae (~20%) limits treatment options for ambulatory S. pneumoniae respiratory disease. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

top  

  Antibiotic susceptibility and characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis isolates from the African meningitis belt 2000-2006 - phenotypic and genotypic perspectives.

In conclusion, N. meningitidis isolates from the African meningitis belt remain highly susceptible to the antibiotics used. Regarding ss-lactam antibiotics, rare isolates showed a reduced susceptibility to penicillins, but the expanded-spectrum cephalosporins are not affected at present. PMID: 19188396 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

top  

  Individual behavioral differences in recovery from abdominal sepsis in rats

Conclusion:  Improvement of sickness behavior in sepsis with G-CSF/antibiotic prophylaxis is a promising approach. The course of recovery from sepsis may depend on premorbid individual differences. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00011-008-8223-2Authors A. Bauhofer, Philipps-University of Marburg Institute of Theoretical Surgery 35043 Marburg GermanyY.-J. Ho, Chung Shan Medical University School of Psychology Tai-Chung 402 Taiwan, ROCA. Schmitt, Philipps-University of Marburg Institute of Theoretical Surgery 35043 Marburg GermanyM. Köster, Philipps-University of Marburg Institute of Theoretical Surgery 35043 Marburg GermanyR. K. W. Schwarting, Philipps-University of Marburg Experimental and Physiological Psychology 35032 Marburg GermanyC. R. Pawlak, Central In...

top  

  Microbiology of odontogenic infections in deep neck spaces: A retrospective study

This study was therefore initiated to determine whether this change in prescribing was justified. A total of 75 cases were retrospectively identified by scrutiny of the operating theatre data. These patients presented with significant DNSOI that required surgical drainage. Streptococcus milleri and mixed anaerobes were predominant. Only in three cases (4%) there were penicillin-resistant microorganisms. The substitution of benzylpenicillin for cefuroxime as an initial empiric therapy for DNSOI seems likely to have been equally efficacious in the large majority of cases. On the other hand, studies in preference of cephalosporins are based on in vitro trials. A multi-centre randomized controlled clinical trial directly comparing initial empiric second-generation cephalosporin therapy with be...

top  

  Microbiology of odontogenic infections in deep neck spaces: A retrospective study.

This study was therefore initiated to determine whether this change in prescribing was justified. A total of 75 cases were retrospectively identified by scrutiny of the operating theatre data. These patients presented with significant DNSOI that required surgical drainage. Streptococcus milleri and mixed anaerobes were predominant. Only in three cases (4%) there were penicillin-resistant microorganisms. The substitution of benzylpenicillin for cefuroxime as an initial empiric therapy for DNSOI seems likely to have been equally efficacious in the large majority of cases. On the other hand, studies in preference of cephalosporins are based on in vitro trials. A multi-centre randomized controlled clinical trial directly comparing initial empiric second-generation cephalosporin therapy with be...

top  

  Cefuroxime Superior to Penicillin for Pediatric Perianal Streptococcal Dermatitis

Cefuroxime was more effective than penicillin in a Swiss study for the treatment of perianal Streptococcal dermatitis in children "and therefore should be considered as the treatment of choice," the investigators say. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Infectious Diseases Headlines)

top  

  Cefuroxime for Empiric Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumococcal Pneumonia: Is There a Generation Gap?

Chemotherapy 2009;55:97-104 (DOI:10.1159/000192393) (Source: Karger Publishers)

top  

  CEFTIN (Cefuroxime Axetil) Powder, For Suspension CEFTIN (Cefuroxime Axetil) Tablet, Film Coated [GlaxoSmithKline]

Updated Date: Jan 5, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

top  

  Community-acquired urinary tract infections in Southern Turkey: etiology and antimicrobial resistance.

In this study, we compared the distribution and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial strains isolated from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infections in Southern Turkey, Hatay, during 2004 and 2005. The majority (82.3%) of the isolates were from women while the remaining (17.7%) were from men. Of all samples tested, 49% were culture-positive with a bacterial pathogen. The most frequently isolated bacterial species were Escherichia coli (45.1%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) (15.5%) and Klebsiella spp. (10.9%). E. coli was more prevalent in women (p < 0.05) while Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were found more prevalent in men (p < 0.05). Increasing resistance to gentamicin, amikacin and cefazolin, and decreased resistance to cipr...

top  

  Kinetic spectrofluorimetric determination of certain cephalosporins in human plasma.

Authors: Omar MA, Abdelmageed OH, Attia TZ An accurate, reliable, specific and sensitive kinetic spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of seven cephalosporin antibiotics namely cefotaxime sodium, cephapirin sodium, cephradine dihydrate, cephalexin monohydrate, cefazoline sodium, ceftriaxone sodium and cefuroxime sodium. The method is based on their degradation under an alkaline condition producing fluorescent products. The factors affecting the degradation and the determination were studied and optimized. The reaction is followed spectrofluorimetrically by measuring the rate of change of fluorescence intensity at specified emission wavelength. The initial rate and fixed time methods were used for the construction of calibration graphs to determine the concentra...

top  

  [Analysis of antibiotic consumption and microorganism resistance changes]

CONCLUSIONS: In 2004-2007, the usage of piperacillin and tazobactam, metronidazole, cefuroxime, meropenem, cefoperazone, and sulbactam increased. In 2006-2007, ofloxacin consumption decreased. The changes in other antibiotic usage were statistically insignificant. In 2004-2007, E. coli and K. pneumoniae resistance to ampicillin and sulbactam, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and E. coli resistance to ampicillin increased. A statistically significant positive correlation between quinolone consumption and K. pneumoniae resistance to ciprofloxacin was determined. PMID: 19001833 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Medicina (Kaunas))

top  

  Prospective controlled study of microbial colonization of the trachea in tracheotomized and laryngectomized patients with HME (heat and moisture exchanger).

Conclusion: The use of heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) does not endanger tracheostomy patients in terms of additional exposure to pathogenic microorganisms. Objective: Stoma filters in the form of HMEs cause a beneficial convection of respiratory air in tracheotomized and laryngectomized patients. We investigated whether or not this may lead to an altered microbial ecology in the non-physiologically colonized lower respiratory tract. Materials and methods: To test this hypothesis, material from the trachea of stoma patients was prospectively collected utilizing a standardized swab technique and subsequent aerobic quantitative culture assays of the suspended and serially diluted material. With this approach, we examined the microbial flora in 6 and 5 patients after laryngectomy/tracheos...

top  

  Cefuroxime-induced pemphigus erythematosus in a young boy.

Authors: Baroni A, Puca RV, Aiello FS, Palla M, Faccenda F, Vozza G, Sangiuliano S, Ruocco E Summary Pemphigus erythematosus (Senear-Usher syndrome) is a variant of superficial pemphigus with features of both lupus erythematosus and pemphigus. It affects mainly middle-aged adults, and is rarely observed before the age of 20 years. The case of a 14-year-old boy who showed cutaneous lesions suggestive for pemphigus erythematosus is described. Not all laboratory and histopathological investigations confirmed the hypothesis, so a diagnosis of clinical pemphigus erythematosus was made. Systemic steroid therapy was effective in controlling the disease. This case is interesting because of the rare occurrence of pemphigus erythematosus in adolescence and the possibility of another drug being a...

top  

  Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial agents of the upper respiratory tract of school children in Buea, Cameroon.

Authors: Ndip RN, Ntiege EA, Ndip LM, Nkwelang G, Akoachere JF, Akenji T N The study was aimed at determining bacterial agents of the upper respiratory tract and the susceptibility patterns of isolates to antibiotics. In total, 200 throat swabs were obtained from students attending different boarding schools within the Buea Municipality and screened to obtain the prevalence of respiratory pathogens and to understand the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates using standard microbiological procedure and the disc-diffusion test. Of the 200 samples screened, 112 (56%) had positive cultures with the dominant bacterial pathogens being Haemophilus influenzae (20%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (15%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11%), and Staphylococcus aureus (10%). Although 56% o...

top  

  The utilization of antibiotics in the management of acute pancreatitis--experience from one transitional country university hospital.

Authors: Marusić S, Sićaja M, Kujundzić M, Banić M, Jaksić O, Vrazić H The aim of the study was to analyze the evidence-based use of antibiotic therapy in the treatment of acute pancreatitis and to identify factors influencing the introduction of antibiotic therapy in the setting of transitional country clinical hospital. This retrospective study was conducted at Department of Internal Medicine at University Hospital Dubrava in Zagreb, Croatia. Data were collected from hospital records of patients treated for acute pancreatitis from January 1st, 2005 till December 31st, 2005. Data collected from patients' histories were compared with indications for antibiotic treatment and antibiotics with demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in acute pancreatitis whic...

top  

  [Analysis of antibiotic consumption and microorganism resistance changes.]

CONCLUSIONS. In 2004-2007, the usage of piperacillin and tazobactam, metronidazole, cefuroxime, meropenem, cefoperazone, and sulbactam increased. In 2006-2007, ofloxacin consumption decreased. The changes in other antibiotic usage were statistically insignificant. In 2004-2007, E. coli and K. pneumoniae resistance to ampicillin and sulbactam, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and E. coli resistance to ampicillin increased. A statistically significant positive correlation between quinolone consumption and K. pneumoniae resistance to ciprofloxacin was determined. PMID: 19001833 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Medicina (Kaunas))

top  

  Breakthrough in penicillin resistance? Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates with penicillin/cefotaxime MICs of 16 mg/L and their genotypic and geographical relatedness

Conclusions The multidrug high resistance (precluding adequate oral therapy in children), its origin, the prevalence found in Romania and the presence of non-vaccine (7-valent) serotypes should worry the medical community because of a possible clonal diffusion that would limit therapeutic alternatives. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

top  

  Probability of Achieving Requisite Pharmacodynamic Exposure for Oral beta-Lactam Regimens against Haemophilus influenzae in Children.

CONCLUSION: Against H. influenzae, the antibacterials most likely to achieve optimal in vivo exposures in children are cefpodoxime, ceftibuten, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. PMID: 18998749 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs)

top  

  Cefuroxime axetil: Kounis syndrome in an elderly patient: case report

(Source: Reactions)

top  

  Cefuroxime axetil: Kounis syndrome in an elderly patient: case report.

Page: 7 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

top  

  Estimation of Cefuroxime Dosage Using Pharmacodynamic Targets, MIC Distributions, and Minimization of a Risk Function.

Authors: Viberg A, Cars O, Karlsson MO, Jönsson S An approach for estimation of dosing strategies based on data-derived models and assessment of the risk associated with deviation from the treatment target is presented. The work is illustrated by establishing a dosing strategy to be used for a priori individualization on the basis of renal function for the antibiotic cefuroxime. Treatment involved exposing patients to concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 50% of the dosing interval. The risk (penalty) function incorporated both deviations from the target and the use of excess amount of drug. Dosing strategies were estimated for a target population by minimizing the risk function. The population was characterized by a population pharmacokinetic model, ...

top  

  The influence of glucose added urine on the in vitro antimicrobial activity of various antibiotics.

CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated that MICs of antibiotics are influenced by the glucose added urine. PMID: 19179689 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Indian Journal of Medical Research)

top  

  Subcutaneous Fistulae in a Patient with Femoral Hypoplasia due to Actinomyces europaeus and Actinomyces turicensis

We describe a case of chronic fistulae caused by a coinfection with A. europaeus and A. turicensis in an immunocompetent male patient with a severe congenital femur hypoplasia. Actinomycosis is most probably the consequence of a postoperative wound infection after a prior surgical intervention. Both Actinomyces species were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The Actinomyces-caused fistulae were treated by excision and a 1-week course of i.v. vancomycin followed by a 1-week course of p.o. cefuroxime. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s15010-008-7392-9Authors A. E. Zautner, University Hospital Rostock Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene Schillingallee 70 18057 Rostock GermanyS. Schmitz, University Hospital Rostock Orthopaedic Hospital ...

top  

  Cefuroxime non-susceptibility in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae overexpressing ramA and acrA and expressing ompK35 at reduced levels

Conclusions This multidrug-resistant phenotype of K. pneumoniae is associated with increased acrA and ramA transcription and decreased ompK35 transcription. Since the cefuroxime resistance was not reversed by PAβN, it was probably attributable to decreased levels of OmpK35, rather than to efflux. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

top  

  Susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from hospitalised patients with respiratory tract infections (MOXIAKTIV Study).

The objective of this study was to determine: (i) the prevalence of resistance in current clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae; (ii) the prevalence of production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and methicillin resistance in S. aureus; and (iii) regional differences in the prevalence of ESBL production and clonality of K. pneumoniae isolates. Pathogens causing respiratory tract infections in hospitalised patients were prospectively collected from all over Germany. Drugs tested by Etest included moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, clarithromycin and penicillin G. ESBL production by K. pneumoniae was determined using cefotaxime/ceftazidime+/-cl...

top  

  [beta-lactam susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections exhibiting different resistance phenotypes.]

Authors: Lerma M, Cebrián L, Giménez M, Coronel P, Gimeno M, Aguilar L, García de Lomas J Susceptibility to beta-lactams was determined in 203 recent Spanish E. coli isolates from urinary tract infections exhibiting different resistance phenotypes: a) susceptible (n = 60); b) quinolone-resistant (n = 45); c) penicillinase (n=64); d) hyperproduction of penicillinase (n=8); e) inhibitor resistant TEM (IRT) (n=18), and f) extended spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) (n=8).Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination by agar dilution and susceptibility tests for ESBL detection by macrodilution were performed following CLSI recommendations. All the beta-lactams tested showed high activity against susceptible and penicillinase phenotypes, with close to 100 % susceptibility. ...

top  

  beta-lactam susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections exhibiting different resistance phenotypes.

Authors: Lerma M, Cebrián L, Giménez M, Coronel P, Gimeno M, Aguilar L, García de Lomas J Susceptibility to beta-lactams was determined in 203 recent Spanish E. coli isolates from urinary tract infections exhibiting different resistance phenotypes: a) susceptible (n = 60); b) quinolone-resistant (n = 45); c) penicillinase (n=64); d) hyperproduction of penicillinase (n=8); e) inhibitor resistant TEM (IRT) (n=18), and f) extended spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) (n=8).Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination by agar dilution and susceptibility tests for ESBL detection by macrodilution were performed following CLSI recommendations. All the beta-lactams tested showed high activity against susceptible and penicillinase phenotypes, with close to 100 % susceptibility. ...

top  

  Hypersensitivity to clavulanic acid in children.

We present 10 cases (6 males and 4 females) of children aged 4 to 12 years, who were diagnosed with allergy to clavulanic acid (CL) and treated in the Paediatric Allergy Section of the University Hospital Dr. Peset in Valencia from 2000 to 2005. The children reported symptoms of urticaria and angio-oedema after receiving orally-administered amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (A-CL) for an infection. Diagnosis was based on the confirmation of an IgE-mediated aetiology by an oral challenge test with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Following negative skin test results and CAP for penicilloyl G and V, amoxicillin, ampicillin and cefaclor < 0.35 KU/l, those patients who were allergic to clavulanic acid (positive oral challenge test) were shown to be tolerant to orally-administered Cefuroxime axetil. ...

top  

  Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment of Oral beta-Lactams for the Empiric Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in Children.

CONCLUSIONS: Based on the recent epidemiologic and resistance profiles of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (45 mg/kg every 12 hours) and cefpodoxime (5 mg/kg every 12 hours) provide the greatest likelihood of achieving optimal pharmacodynamic exposures empirically in children with AOM. PMID: 18754699 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Paediatric Drugs)

top  

  In vitro activity of cefditoren and other antimicrobial agents against 288 Streptococcus pneumoniae and 220 Haemophilus influenzae clinical strains isolated in Zaragoza, Spain.

Authors: Seral C, Suárez L, Rubio-Calvo C, Gómez-Lus R, Gimeno M, Coronel P, Durán E, Becerril R, Oca M, Castillo FJ In vitro cefditoren antimicrobial activity was tested against 288 Streptococcus pneumoniae and 220 Haemophilus influenzae clinical strains isolated in our hospital from January 2005 to May 2006 by agar dilution and broth microdilution method, respectively. MICs were also determined for 13 and 10 comparison drugs, respectively. The pneumococci tested comprised 113 (39.2%) penicillin susceptible, 91 (31.6%) penicillin intermediate, and 84 (29.2%) penicillin resistant. Cefditoren was the most active drug on the basis of the MICs (MIC(90) = 0.5 mug/mL), followed by ceftriaxone and levofloxacin (MIC(90) = 1 mug/mL). Cefditoren MICs ranged from 0.25 to 1 mug/mL ...

top  

  Cefuroxime Prophylaxis Is Effective in Noninstrumented Spine Surgery: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

The impact of antibiotic prophylaxis was never proven in herniated disc surgery. In a double-blind trial, 1 preoperative 1.5 g dose of cefuroxime significantly prevented organ-space infections in this setting: spondylodiscitis or epidural abscess occurred in 0/613 patients who received cefuroxime, compared with 9/624 patients who received placebo.Page: 1919DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31817d97cfAuthors: Petignat, Christiane MD *; Francioli, Patrick MD *; Harbarth, Stephan MD, MS +; Regli, Luca MD ++; Porchet, Francois MD ++; Reverdin, Alain MD [S]; Rilliet, Benedict MD [S]; de Tribolet, Nicolas MD [S]; Pannatier, Andre PharmD [P]; Pittet, Didier MD, PhD +; Zanetti, Giorgio MD, MS * (Source: Spine)

top  

  Antimicrobial resistance patterns of urinary tract pathogens and rationale for empirical therapy in Turkish children for the years 2000–2006

Conclusions  Empirical antibiotic selection should be based on knowledge of the local prevalence of bacterial organisms and antibiotic sensitivities, because resistance patterns may vary in different regions. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Nephrology - Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s11255-008-9445-5Authors Ferhat Catal, Fatih University Medical School Department of Pediatrics Ankara TurkeyNuket Bavbek, Fatih University Medical School Department of Nephrology Ankara TurkeyOmer Bayrak, Fatih University Medical School Department of Urology Ankara TurkeyMusemma Karabel, Fatih University Medical School Department of Pediatrics Ankara TurkeyDuran Karabel, Fatih University Medical School Department of Pediatrics Ankara TurkeyEnder Odemis, Fatih University Medical School Depa...

top  

  Randomized, Comparative Efficacy Trial of Oral Penicillin Versus Cefuroxime for Perianal Streptococcal Dermatitis in Children.

CONCLUSIONS: Cefuroxime was more effective than penicillin and therefore should be considered as the treatment of choice for perianal dermatitis due to GABHS. PMID: 18692203 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Pediatrics)

top  

  Comparative Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of Gram-negative Bacteria Isolated from Laying Hens and Eggs in Conventional and Organic Keeping Systems in Bavaria, Germany.

Authors: Schwaiger K, Schmied EM, Bauer J By investigating the prevalence and resistance characteristics of Gram-negative bacteria from organic and conventional kept laying hens against 31 (Campylobacter: 29) different antibiotics using the microdilution method, we determined to what extent different keeping systems influence bacterial resistance patterns. For this purpose, samples from 10 organic and 10 conventional flocks in Bavaria (Germany) were investigated four times between January 2004 and April 2005. Altogether, 799 cloacal swabs and 800 eggs (contents and shells) were examined. The bacterial investigation performed with standardized cultural methods showed prevalence for all bacteria groups in about the same order of magnitude in the two different keeping systems: Salmonella ...

top  

  Sagent Pharmaceuticals Launches Ceftriaxone, USP, And Cefuroxime For Injection, USP

Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc., recently announced that it has launched both ceftriaxone for injection, USP, and cefuroxime for injection, USP, two broad spectrum antibiotics for parenteral administration used to treat bacterial infections. (Source: Pharmaceutical Online News)

top  

  BSAC standardized disc susceptibility testing method (version 7)

The changes that have been made to the previous version of the recommendations (version 6) are as follows: medium and incubation condition for testing Acinetobacter spp. (Tables 1 and 6); use of cefoxitin as an indicator antibiotic for detecting methicillin/oxacillin/cefoxitin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci (Tables 1, 6 and 11); MIC breakpoint for co-trimoxazole based on the trimethoprim concentration in a 1:19 combination with sulfamethoxazole (Tables 7, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16 and 19); advice on the use of azithromycin for the treatment of infections with Salmonella typhi (footnote to Table 7); amendment to the recommendation for cefuroxime for the treatment of infections with Proteus mirabilis (footnote Table 7); MIC and zone diameter breakpoints for ...

top  

  Drug utilisation 90% (DU90%) profiles of antibiotics in five Chinese children's hospitals (2002-2006).

This study surveyed the pattern of inpatient antibiotic use in five Chinese children's hospitals between 2002 and 2006, focusing on the antibiotics accounting for 90% of the volume utilised as well as the level of adherence to guidelines. The Anatomical Therapeutical Chemical Classification/Defined Daily Doses (ATC/DDD) and the drug utilisation 90% (DU90%) methodologies were used. In October 2004, national antibiotic guidelines were issued that divided antibiotics into non-restricted, restricted and special use grades. In five children's hospitals, a total of 56 different systemic antibiotics were used during the study period. Antibiotics that could be injected accounted for 59.0-99.8%. beta-Lactam antibacterials (ATC codes J01C and J01D) were the most used subgroups. The numbers of antimi...

top  

  Spectrophotometeric determination of cefuroxime axetil from bulk and in its tablet dosage form

Shinde MV, Pishawikar SA, More HNIndian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2008 70(2):249-251 (Source: Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences)

top  

  Cefuroxime And Dextrose(Cefuroxime Sodium And Dextrose Monohydrate) Injection [B. Braun]

Updated Date: Jun 17, 2008 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

top  

  Restoration of susceptibility of intracellular Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to {beta}-lactams: comparison between strains, cells, and antibiotics.

Authors: Lemaire S, Olivier A, Van Bambeke F, Tulkens PM, Appelbaum PC, Glupczynski Y S. aureus invades eukaryotic cells. MRSA ATCC 33591 phagocytized by human THP-1 macrophages shows complete restoration of susceptibility to cloxacillin and meropenem, becoming indistinguishable from MSSA ATCC 25923 due to the acid pH prevailing in phagolysosomes (Lemaire et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51:1627-32, 2007). We have examined whether this observation can be extended to (i) strains of current clinical and epidemiological interest (3 HA-MRSA; 2 CA-MRSA; 2 HA-MRSA with VISA phenotype; 1 HA-MRSA with VRSA phenotype; 1 animal [porcine] MRSA); (ii) activated THP-1 cells and non-professional phagocytes (keratinocytes, CALU-3 bronchial epithelial cells); (iii) other beta-lactams (imipenem, o...

top  

  Urine dipstick as a screening test for urinary tract infection.

CONCLUSIONS: Urine dipstick should be promoted as a screening test for UTI. First-line use of cotrimoxazole and ampicillin for UTI should be reviewed. PMID: 18510821 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Tropical Paediatrics)

top  

  The Timing of Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis.

Under today's recommendations, surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis may be administered within the final 2 hours before skin incision for optimal prevention of surgical site infections. The following prospective cohort study assessing 3836 consecutive surgical procedures provides observational evidence that administration of cefuroxime 59 to 30 minutes before incision is more effective than administration during the last half hour.Page: 918DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31816c3fecAuthors: Weber, Walter P. MD *; Marti, Walter R. MD, FACS *; Zwahlen, Marcel PhD +; Misteli, Heidi MD *; Rosenthal, Rachel MD *; Reck, Stefan MD *; Fueglistaler, Philipp MD *; Bolli, Martin MD *; Trampuz, Andrej MD ++; Oertli, Daniel MD, FACS *; Widmer, Andreas F. MD ++ (Source: Annals of Surgery)

top  

  Moxifloxacin monotherapy versus ceftriaxone plus levofloxacin in the treatment of CAP

This study was financially supported by Bayer HealthCare AG. [Editor’s note: the comparator regimen used in this study does not represent current UK guidelines; the March 2008 BNF recommends that severe CAP should be treated with cefuroxime (or cefotaxime) plus a macrolide] (Source: NeLM Headline News)

top  

  Cefuroxime And Dextrose(Cefuroxime Sodium) Injection [B. Braun]

Updated Date: May 22, 2008 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

top  

  Epidemiological survey on Escherichia coli O157 in Chongqing and Three-Gorge Reservoir Areas of China

Abstract  Prevalence, presence of virulence and adherence associated genes, genetic diversity, biochemical characteristics, and antibiotic susceptibility were determined for Escherichia coli O157 isolated over 4 months in Chongqing city and Three-Gorge Reservoir Areas. 11 isolates of E. coli O157 were isolated from 1504 samples and 7 of them are O157:H7 and 4 are O157:H? All O157:H7 isolates had eaeA, ehxA, EspA and Tccp genes, but did not have stx1 and stx2. All O157:H? isolates did not have stx1, stx2, eaeA, ehxA, EspA and Tccp genes except for the isolate obtained from Yunyang county which had stx1. When eaeA and ehxA presented in isolates were digested by restriction enzymes, the numbers and the sizes of the segments were the same as the control E. coli O157 strains. This s...

top  

  Prophylactic antibiotics reduce morbidity due to septicemia during intensive treatment for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia

The aim of this study was to determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis during periods of neutropenia reduced streptococcal (S. viridans) sepsis and overall bacterial sepsis.The authors reviewed outcomes of 78 evaluable patients who were consecutively treated for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from October 2002 through January 2007. Several successive prophylactic antibiotic regimens were used. All patients received antifungal prophylaxis with oral voriconazole.Oral cephalosporins did not significantly reduce the odds of bacterial sepsis (P = .81) or streptococcal (S. viridans) sepsis (P = .90) relative to no prophylaxis. Intravenous (iv) cefepime completely prevented streptococcal (S. viridans) sepsis and reduced the odds of bacterial sepsis 91% (P < .0001) relative to no prophylaxis, but res...

top  

  Effect of malnutrition on the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil in young rats.

Conclusions: The pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime was affected by malnutrition, suggesting that the absorption process via the transporter was modified in the malnourished groups, specially in the group fed with a low quality protein. PMID: 18445361 [PubMed - in process] (Source: J Pharm Pharm Sci)

top  

  Diagnosis and treatment of lyme disease.

Authors: Bratton RL, Whiteside JW, Hovan MJ, Engle RL, Edwards FD Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in the United States. This review details the risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment, and prophylaxis for the disease. Information was obtained from a search of the PubMed and MEDLINE databases (keyword: Lyme disease) for articles published from August 31, 1997, through September 1, 2007. Approximately 20,000 cases of Lyme disease are reported annually. Residents of the coastal Northeast, northwest California, and the Great Lakes region are at highest risk. Children and those spending extended time outdoors in wooded areas are also at increased risk. The disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of the Ixodes tick (Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus)....

top  

  Loss of enzyme activity during turnover of the Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase catalysed hydrolysis of beta-lactams due to loss of zinc ion.

Authors: Badarau A, Page MI Metallo-beta-lactamases are zinc-ion-dependent and are known to exist either as mononuclear or as dinuclear enzymes. The kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of the native zinc Bacillus cereus metallo-beta-lactamase (BcII) have been investigated under pre-steady-state conditions at different pHs and zinc-ion concentrations. Biphasic kinetics are observed for the hydrolysis of cefuroxime and benzylpenicillin with submicromolar concentrations of enzyme and zinc. The initial burst of product formation far exceeds the concentration of enzyme and the subsequent slower rate of hydrolysis is attributed to a branched kinetic pathway. The pH and metal-ion dependence of the microscopic rate constants of this branching were determined, from which it is concluded that t...

top  

  [Original articles] Detection of plasmid-mediated AmpC in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis

Conclusion: The prevalence of plasmid-mediated ampC was high in the study population, and may be missed by conventional susceptibility testing methods. Inhibitor-based screening methods would improve detection of this emerging resistance phenotype. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology)

top  

  Preparation of amorphous cefuroxime axetil nanoparticles by sonoprecipitation for enhancement of bioavailability.

Authors: Dhumal RS, Biradar SV, Yamamura S, Paradkar AR, York P The aim of the present work was to prepare amorphous discreet nanoparticles by sonoprecipitation method for enhancing oral bioavailability of cefuroxime axetil (CA), a poorly water-soluble drug. CA nanoparticles (SONO-CA) were prepared by sonoprecipitation and compared with particles obtained by precipitation without sonication (PPT-CA) and amorphous CA obtained by spray drying. Spray drying present broad particle size distribution (PSD) with mean particle size of 10mum and low percent yield, whereas, precipitation without sonication resulted in large amorphous aggregates with broad PSD. During sonoprecipitation, particle size and yield improve with an increase in the amplitude of sonication and lowering the operation temp...

top  

  Neonatal septicaemia in Calabar, Nigeria.

Authors: Anah MU, Udo JJ, Ochigbo SO, Abia-Bassey LN A three-year survey of neonatal septicaemia (363 bacteriologically proven cases) in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, has demonstrated that the dominant blood isolate was Staphylococcus aureus (53%) followed by unclassified Coliforms (20%), an unexpected Chromobacterium violaceum (5%). The incidence of neonatal septicaemia was 54.9 per 1000 live births for inborn infants. The predominant organisms were largely susceptible to gentamicin, ceftriazone and cefuroxime with a mortality rate of 19% with most (60.9%) of the fatalities being due to Gram-negative organisms. PMID: 18453516 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Tropical Doctor)

top  

  Antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae strains and antibiotics usage patterns in pediatric outpatients: results from a children's hospital in China (2000-2004)

To investigate the nasopharyngeal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility of H. influenzae among children younger than 5 years old and to assess antibiotics usage patterns in the outpatient department of Beijing Children's Hospital from 2000 to 2004.From 2000 to 2004, At least 100 strains of H. influenzae were isolated from the pediatric patients who were younger than 5 years and who presented with symptoms of acute upper respiratory tract infections during February to May in each of the study years. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined; and antibiotics usage was expressed as defined daily dose (DDD)/100 patient days.The overall nasopharyngeal carriage rate of H. influenzae is 26.3% (562/2,137) in children younger than 5 years old with acute upper respiratory tract infection. T...

top  

  Serogroup distribution and antimicrobial resistance of nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae among Beijing children with upper respiratory infections (2000–2005)

Abstract  The aims of this study were to estimate pneumococcal carriage rate, antimicrobial resistance and serogroup distribution of nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children with acute upper respiratory infections (AURIs) aged 1 month to 5 years attending outpatient department of the Beijing Children’s Hospital between 2000 and 2005. Susceptibilities to penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cefaclor, erythromycin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and chloramphenicol were assessed using the E-test and disc diffusion. We also analyzed the correlation between antibiotic consumption and rates of resistance. The prevalence of penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococci increased from 26% during 2000–2001 and...

top  

  Antimicrobial activity of cefditoren tested against contemporary (2004-2006) isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections in the United States.

Authors: Biedenbach DJ, Jones RN, Fritsche TR Among orally administered cephalosporins, aminopenicillins (+/-clavulanate), and macrolides, cefditoren was the most potent agent against Haemophilus influenzae (MIC(50/90), </=0.008/0.03 mug/mL; 316 isolates including 100 beta-lactamase-positive and 10 beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant [BLNAR]) and was 32-, 64-, and 512-fold more potent than cefdinir, cefuroxime, and cefprozil, respectively. Cefditoren (MIC(50), 0.03 mug/mL) was also >/=32-fold more active against BLNAR phenotypes, although newer macrolides provided complete coverage against these strains. All Moraxella catarrhalis isolates were inhibited by cefditoren (0.5 mug/mL), including beta-lactamase producers (MIC(50), 0.12 vs </=0.008 mug/mL). Cefditoren retain...

top  

  Cefuroxime Axetil(Cefuroxime Axetil) Tablet, Film Coated [ORCHID HEALTHCARE (A DIVISION OF ORCHID CHEMICALS AND PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.)]

Updated Date: Mar 5, 2008 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

top  

  [Efficacy of cefditoren in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections: a pooled analysis of six clinical trials.]

Conclusion. Cefditoren had similar point estimates of clinical efficacy to comparators in pharyngotonsillitis and sinusitis, and a tendency to higher S. pyogenes eradication in pharyngotonsillitis. Key words: Cefditoren. S. pyogenes. Clinical trial. Pooled analysis. Sinusitis. Pharyngotonsillitis. Rev Esp Quimioter 2008;21(1):14-21. PMID: 18443928 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia)

top  

  Using intracameral cefuroxime as a prophylaxis for endophthalmitis.

Authors: Yorston D PMID: 18504469 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Community Eye Health)

top  

  Ranbaxy Laboratories has received US FDA approval for the manufacture and marketing of cefuroxime axetil for oral suspension USP.

Page: 22 (Source: Inpharma Weekly)

top  

  Ranbaxy Laboratories has received US FDA approval for the manufacture and marketing of cefuroxime axetil for oral suspension USP

(Source: Inpharma)

top  

  Minimum requirements for a rapid and reliable routine identification and antibiogram of Fusobacterium necrophorum

Abstract  Three hundred fifty-seven isolates of Fusobacterium necrophorum from human infections in Denmark were consecutively collected over a 3 year period for the purpose of establishing the minimum requirements for rapid and reliable routine identification of Fusobacterium necrophorum using phenotypic characters. The first 40 isolates were fully characterized by the most common phenotypic tests mentioned in the literature, while the last 317 where identified solely by the established minimum requirements for rapid and reliable routine identification of Fusobacterium necrophorum. All but one isolate were identical in all phenotypic tests. The outlying strain differed in morphology and the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes. On the basis of our findings it should be possibl...

top  

  Effect of severity disease on the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime in children with multiple organ system failure.

Authors: Olguin HJ, Asseff IL, Vieyra AC, Pérez AG, Saldaña NG, Quesada AC, Guillé GP The aim of the present study was to investigate if the severity of illness affected the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime in 11 children diagnosed with multiple organ system failure. The patients were assigned to a severely ill group (group 1), a very severely ill group (group 2), or a control group (group 0). Blood samples were taken and cefuroxime concentrations were measured in plasma by HPLC after the first intravenous infusion of 100 mg of cefuroxime per kg of body weight. The pharmacokinetic profile of cefuroxime exhibited both one and two compartmental distribution. Statistically significant differences between the pharmacokinetic parameters of the severe (group 1) and the very seve...

top  

  Clinical application of the rapid pneumococcal urinary antigen test in the treatment of severe pneumonia in children.

CONCLUSION: Application of PUAT and adequate antimicrobial treatments in the initial stage for pediatric patients with severe pneumonia resulted in improved outcome as assessed by shortening of the duration of fever. PMID: 18327425 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection)

top  

  Sequential therapy with cefuroxime and cefuroxime-axetil for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection in the oldest old.

CONCLUSIONS: When a favorable clinical or biochemical response occurs on day 3 of IV cefuroxime therapy, further therapy with oral cefuroxime-axetil is as effective and safe as a full course of cefuroxime IV in elderly patients hospitalized with CALRTI. However, LOS was not reduced after sequential antibiotic therapy in this population. PMID: 18283233 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Aging Clinical and Experimental Research)

top  

  Moxifloxacin equals ceftriaxone + cefuroxime in pneumonia

(Source: Inpharma)

top  

  Moxifloxacin equals ceftriaxone + cefuroxime in pneumonia.

Page: 11 (Source: Inpharma Weekly)

top  

  Phenotypic and molecular characterization of 5 novel CTX-M enzymes carried by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.

Conclusion: This is the first report of these 5 novel plasmid-mediated CTX-M ESBL produced from China in the world. Molecular typing reveals notably different origin in genes encoding different CTX-M variants of 8 strains. PMID: 18215351 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica)

top  

  Cefuroxime Axetil(Cefuroxime Axetil) Tablet [Aurobindo Pharma Limited]

Updated Date: Jan 25, 2008 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

top  

  Trends in antibacterial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in the USA: update from PROTEKT US Years 1-4

Conclusions: Over the first 4 years of PROTEKT US, penicillin and erythromycin resistance among pneumococcal isolates has remained high. Although macrolide resistance rates have stabilized, the prevalence of clonal isolates, with a combined erm(B) and mef(A) genotype together with high-level macrolide and multidrug resistance, is increasing, and their spread may have serious health implications. Telithromycin and levofloxacin both showed potent in vitro activity against S. pneumoniae isolates irrespective of macrolide resistance genotype. (Source: Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials)

top  

  Serum and Uterine Concentrations of Cefazolin, Cefuroxime, and Ceftriaxone After Intraoperative Prophylactic Administration During Cesarean Section.

The choice of antibiotic for prophylaxis of surgical site infection after cesarean section depends on achieved tissue and plasma concentrations. Cefazolin had higher concentrations noted than cefuroxime and ceftriaxone.Page: 361DOI: 10.1097/SPV.0b013e31815a4479Authors: Jankovic, Slobodan M. MD, PhD, MA *; Varjacic, Mirjana MD, PhD +; Crnogorac, Snezana MD, PhD ++ (Source: Journal of Pelvic Medicine & Surgery)

top  

Top Viagra Store

A first shop in the series of one-pill shops is rightfully viagra-targeted. The index page offers only Viagra, both generic and original.It is possible to purchase other ED products from other pagers, but the main accent is on Viagra.

top-viagra-store.com

Indian Meds

A most recent indian-themed, ethnic site. Includes generic and original (brand) products. al our standard navigational tools and support options are available. This site converts nicely on general pharmaceutical traffic as it has products for vurtually any need.

indianmeds.org

Friendly ED Pharmacy

Many ED customers are anxious about the status their orders. This special friendly site is here to solve the problem. "State of the art" design features high usability and clearly visible support options. All this helps to satisfy even the most demanding customer and results in increased sales ratio.

friendly-ed-pharmacy.com

Popular ED Products

This ED site offers simplistic design that gets right to the point - this IS the site for ED. Popular ED list the top selling products and converts best on ED-targeted, pill-specific traffic.

popular-ed-products.com

Perfect ED Store

This site is just right for ED customers. All ED products are conveniently listed at main page, allowing to make an easy choice. Our regular Sample Pills Offer is emphasized here. Customers can try new products and are likely to return for more refills.

perfect-ed-store.com

Worlds Best Pharmacy

The name says it all. This is the best online pharmacy on the web. The index page is set to show the most polular ED products, while the menu and quicksearch allow to find products in other categories.

worlds-best-pharmacy.com

Delhi Drugs

This Indian-themed site offers a completely new design. All our generic products are availabe and can easily be located with the help of quicksearch feature. Includes our latest shopping engine and billing page.

www.delhi-drugs.com

Indian Generics

Many customers are looking for Indian drugs, and this site is designed specifically for such customers. It includes many generic products, modern design, translated into 7 languages and prices in both USD and Euros. Also it uses our latest shopping engine and billing page.

www.indian-generics.com