MedWorm: Alprazolam

  NIRAVAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [Azur Pharma Inc.]

Updated Date: Mar 5, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Experimental design for optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of benzodiazepines in human plasma.

Authors: Fernández P, Vázquez C, Lorenzo RA, Carro AM, Alvarez I, Cabarcos P A simple and fast microwave-assisted-extraction (MAE) method has been evaluated as an alternative to solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the determination of six benzodiazepines widely prescribed in European countries (alprazolam, bromazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, lormetazepam and tetrazepam) in human plasma. For MAE optimization a Doehlert experimental design was used with extraction time, temperature and solvent volume as influential parameters. A desirability function was employed in addition to the simultaneous optimization of the MAE conditions. The analysis of variance showed that the solvent volume had a positive influence on the extraction of all the analytes tested, achieving a statistically sig...

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  ALPRAZOLAM EXTENDED-RELEASE (Alprazolam) Tablet, Extended Release [Rising Pharmaceuticals Inc]

Updated Date: Mar 3, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Valium link to heroin is unfounded

Conclusion This animal study has been thorough and well conducted. The findings will be of interest to the research community and to those interested in designing drugs that have lower addictive potential. The result of this research may also lead to an improved understanding of the mechanisms behind individuals’ varying susceptibility to addiction, an area that has further research potential.  However, despite the researchers finding that BDZ works using a similar pathway to certain illegal drugs, media comparisons to heroin addiction seems to be quite alarmist. This research has concentrated on identifying neurological processes in mice and not the complex factors involved in substance abuse or drug addiction. Based on this research it seems inappropriate to compare the use of oral d...

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  The Effects of Antecedent GABAA Activation with Alprazolam on Counterregulatory Responses to Hypoglycemia in Healthy Man.

Conclusion: Alprazolam activation of GABA(A) pathways during day 1 hypoglycemia can play an important role in regulating a spectrum of key physiologic responses during subsequent (day 2) hypoglycemia in healthy man. PMID: 20086227 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes)

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  Benzodiazepines medazepam and midazolam are activators of pregnane X receptor and weak inducers of CYP3A4: Investigation in primary cultures of human hepatocytes and hepatocarcinoma cell lines.

In conclusion, Alprazolam, Bromazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, Clonazepam, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Nitrazepam, Oxazepam, Tetrazepam and Triazolam can be considered as safe drugs in term of their inability to induce PXR- and AhR-dependent cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. Medazepam and Midazolam slightly activated pregnane X receptor and displayed weak potency to induce CYP3A4 mRNA in human hepatocytes. PMID: 20080160 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Toxicology Letters)

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  Anxiolytic, hypnotic and sedative medication use in Australia

We examined the trends in the prescribing of subsidised anxiolytic, hypnotic and sedative (AHS) medication use in the Australian population from 2002 to 2007.We analysed the Medicare Australia and Drug Utilisation Sub-Committee databases for AHS script data from 2002 to 2007 by source, class of prescriber, gender and 5-year age groups. Scripts were converted to defined daily dose per 1000 population per day (DDD/1000 population/day) using Australian Bureau of Statistics population data.Overall use of AHS increased from 23.76 to 24.11 DDD/1000 population/day between 2002 and 2007. Anxiolytic medication utilisation increased as hypnotic medication utilisation decreased. Diazepam was the most widely used anxiolytic followed by alprazolam and oxazepam. Temazepam was the most widely used hypnot...

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  Elevated International Normalized Ratio associated with concurrent use of ophthalmic erythromycin and warfarin.

CONCLUSION: An increase in INR values was reported after initiation of ophthalmic erythromycin in a patient receiving warfarin and recurred upon rechallenge with ophthalmic erythromycin. PMID: 20044367 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP)

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  Poster 3: Frequency of Epileptic Seizures in a Population of Juvenile Huntington's Disease Patients

Discussion: Although the focality of the spike and slow wave discharges is suggestive of localization-related epilepsy, the presence of more generalized spike wave discharges suggests symptomatic generalized epilepsy. AEDs used in these patients included valproic acid, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and alprazolam. All were managed effectively with monotherapy, except the child with epileptiform abnormalities on her EEG; she experienced an increase in her seizure frequency on levetiracetam monotherapy. Lamotrigine monotherapy was ineffective, and she is now on a combination of valproic acid and lamotrigine in attempt to reduce her seizure frequency from her current rate of 3 events per week. Expanding our understanding of the mechanism and best treatment of seizures in JHD will require analys...

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  Validated LC-MS/MS assay for the quantitative determination of vardenafil in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.

Authors: Lake ST, Altman PM, Vaisman J, Addison RS A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS/MS) assay has been developed for the quantitative analysis of vardenafil in human plasma. Vardenafil and the internal standard, alprazolam, were extracted from 0.2 mL aliquots of alkalinized plasma by a single solvent extraction into hexane : dichloromethane. Reversed-phase chromatographic separation was affected by gradient elution with mobile phases consisting of 10 mM ammonium formate pH 7.0 (solvent A) and methanol (100%, solvent B), delivered at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The analytes were detected by using an electrospray ion source on a 4000 QTrap triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in positive ionization mode. The mass transitions we...

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  Hypertrophic scars from surgical staples mimicking folliculitis

We report an unusual presentation of multiple hypertrophic scars resulting from surgical staples. A 23-year-old Vietnamese man developed toxic epidermal necrolysis to carbamazepine and was treated with porcine skin allograft sheets, which were secured with surgical staples, and continued supportive care in our burn unit with complete recovery. Four to 5 weeks after discharge, he developed widespread pruritic red papules. He denied fevers or other systemic complaints. His medical history included anxiety, which was treated with alprazolam, and allergic rhinitis, which was controlled with cetirizine. A physical examination revealed dozens of paired 4-mm dome-shaped, firm, red papules on all four extremities and the lateral trunk, sparing the back. On the arms and trunk, the pairs were reprod...

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  The modified Geller-Seifter test in rats was insensitive to GABA(B) receptor positive modulation or blockade, or 5HT(1A) receptor activation.

Authors: Paterson NE, Hanania T Rationale: Both the GABA(B) receptor positive modulator GS39783 and the GABA(B) receptor antagonist CGP46381 exhibit anxiolytic-like properties in animal models. In the present studies, the effects of GS39783 and CGP46381 in the modified Geller-Seifter task were assessed. First, the predictive validity of the task was confirmed by assessing the effects of multiple anxiolytic and non-anxiolytic compounds on punished and unpunished responding. Methods: Rats were trained in the modified Geller-Seifter task. After successful acquisition of the task, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, MPEP, haloperidol, GS39783, 8-OH-DPAT, alprazolam and CGP46381 were tested consecutively. For each test compound, doses were administered in a randomized, counter-balanced, within-subj...

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  The toxicological challenges in the European research project DRUID

Abstract: Within the epidemiological studies of the integrated European research project DRUID (Driving Under the Influence of Drugs, alcohol and medicines), 13 laboratories from across Europe will analyse whole blood, oral fluid (OF) or urine from the general driving population and injured drivers. To ensure the comparability of toxicological results from the different studies, the collection of samples, analytical methods, target analytes and analytical cut-offs have been standardized for all laboratories involved.Target analytes were selected based on suspected impairing effects and prevalence. Twenty-three drugs are included in the ‘core list’ for which analysis is mandatory: ethanol, amphetamine, MDMA, MDA, MDEA, methamphetamine, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, THC, THC-COOH, 6-acetylmo...

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  Drug effect on EEG connectivity assessed by linear and nonlinear couplings

Quantitative analysis of human electroencephalogram (EEG) is a valuable method for evaluating psychopharmacological agents. Although the effects of different drug classes on EEG spectra are already known, interactions between brain locations remain unclear. In this work, cross mutual information function and appropriate surrogate data were applied to assess linear and nonlinear couplings between EEG signals. The main goal was to evaluate the pharmacological effects of alprazolam on brain connectivity during wakefulness in healthy volunteers using a cross-over, placebo-controlled design. Eighty-five pairs of EEG leads were selected for the analysis, and connectivity was evaluated inside anterior, central, and posterior zones of the scalp. Connectivity between these zones and interhemispheri...

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  Early onset anxiolytic efficacy after a single dose of pregabalin: double-blind, placebo- and active-comparator controlled evaluation using a dental anxiety model

To evaluate acute onset of anxiolytic activity using a dental anxiety model, 89 patients were randomised to double-blind single dose pregabalin 150 mg, alprazolam 0.5 mg or placebo 4 h before a scheduled dental procedure. A Dental Anxiety Total score >12 (moderate-to-severe) without meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth edition) (DSM-IV) anxiety disorder criteria was required. Efficacy and safety, assessed 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 h postdose, included 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety (VAS-Anxiety; primary outcome), 100 mm VAS-Sedation and Time-to-Onset of Action Scale (TOAS), a patient-rated anti-anxiety drug-benefit scale (no [0] to full benefit [10]). Mixed model analysis found significantly greater VAS-A improvement slopes for pregabalin (t = &ndas...

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  Med Sci Monit 2009; 15(11):PI55-60 "The effects of alprazolam on tinnitus: A cross-over randomized clinical trial"

Conclusions: These results suggest that although alprazolam did not improve the THI score or sensation level of loudness significantly, it has a desirable effect on VAS. Further work is needed to determine the beneficial effects of alprazolam in distressed or depressed patients. (Source: Medical Science Monitor)

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  Alprazolam/escitalopram: Acute dyskinesia and extrapyramidal symptoms in a child: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  Inadequate Dose of Opioid-agonist Medication is Related to Misuse of Benzodiazepines

Conclusions: The inadequate dose of OAM in opioid substitution treatment for opioid-dependent patients seems to be related to the misuse of benzodiazepines. (C) 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. (Source: Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment)

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  Pre-medication and renal pre-conditioning: a role for alprazolam, atropine, morphine and promethazine

This study suggested a protective effect of these pre-medication drugs on I/R injury. Although obvious studies are required, these findings may lead to effective therapies against I/R injury. (Source: Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology)

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  New to forum, 3rd day on suboxone...

Author: jamez70 Posted: Thu Aug 13, 2009 12:22 am Diary, I have had SEVERE SEVERE anxiety in my life. Let me try to describe it. Suddenly, out of nowhere, I have a severe panic attack without any real reason (no phobia). I try to go on.. That night, I have another one. I then become afraid to sleep in my bed, because I associate it with the panic attack. Then about 8 hours later, I have another one. Then I wonder "whats wrong with me? Do I have a tumor? Did I have a stroke?".. Then they keep coming and coming. Eventually, I enter a constant state of severe anxiety.. I sleep very little, and I stop eating. I get afraid to leave the house. Usually by that time, I seek out a psychiatrist, and I'm on the waiting list. TH...

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  New to forum, 3rd day on suboxone...

Author: tekno Posted: Tue Aug 11, 2009 4:14 am MD, Klon 3 x qd will turn into more more more. Think about this. You have the restraint to scale back your dose of suboxone, even though the 16mg a day could help with your stress. But you don't have the restraint to not take 1.5mg of klonopin qd. You are taking it as prescribed, for now. You are doing so because you "like the feeling". If you were being your stubborn self you would have told yourself, "I am not going to take these damn benzo's unless I REALLY get stressed out." Either take them prn, or flush the damn things. You second guessed the suboxone dose, why the hell aren't you second guessing the klon script? So to sum it up, you have restraint with the s...

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  Alprazolam/diazepam: Dependence: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  another quitting story.

Author: fairweathered Posted: Thu Aug 06, 2009 9:41 pm Hello everybody! I justed wanted to come in and share my experiences with everyone. I used opiates for two years before going onto suboxone. Everything was going pretty well for the most part until I had some problems with the damned doctors office. They used to refill my script for me over the phone, until they changed practices and couldn't do that anymore. This was a bit of a problem as I couldn't get a follow appointment for over a week, they were less than understanding to say the least. I only had a few "crumbs" left so I was in trouble! You can only guess who my next phone call was to, relapse. I promised to only use until I could get back on the suboxone. Yeah ...

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  Xanax (Alprazolam) - updated on RxList

Xanax (Alprazolam) drug description - FDA approved labeling for prescription drugs and medications at RxList (Source: RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs)

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  Selective effects of benzodiazepines on the acquisition of conditioned taste aversion compared to attenuation of neophobia in C57BL/6 mice

Abstract Introduction  The effects of pre-conditioning administration of anxiolytic benzodiazepines on the acquisition of a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and on the acquisition of attenuation of neophobia (AN) were investigated in C57BL/6 mice. Materials and methods  A CTA was induced by injecting lithium chloride (LiCl; 6 mEq . kg−1) 30 min after the animal had imbibed a novel 0.5% saccharin solution. In other animals, neophobia was attenuated by a single access to the novel 0.5% saccharin solution, followed only by injection of saline. Results and discussion  Pre-conditioning administration of chlordiazepoxide (CDZ; 6–24 mg . kg−1, i.p.) and alprazolam (0.3–1 mg . kg−1, p.o.) resulted in a CTA that did ...

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  From lexapro to subutex, vyvanse and xanax

Author: mj Posted: Wed Jul 22, 2009 2:49 am Wow, I can't imagine how that must feel to go without sleep for so long. With your addiction history it sounds like you probably would not need vyvanse since it is a stimulant. This will probably only increase your daily anxiety even more. I took Cymbalta at one time and it made me anxious so I switched to lexapro-which helped for quite a while then started making me too tired. I am weaning off of Wellbutrin now that I am on Suboxone for opiate addiction. I feel better when not taking the Wellbutrin, the suboxone alone is enough to relax me thru the day. I also got energy from opiates to help me get thru the day, but it also caused sleep disturbances. My problem was that I felt tired all t...

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  Induction Problems

Author: Highways Posted: Tue Jul 21, 2009 7:54 pm Thank you to both of you who replied. In response to reply number 1, that was great advice. To answer your first question, my average daily oxy dose was about 160 mg. I am getting the subs from a doctor, but I recently relocated to a new city for a new job, and in the process of moving and all, I had to find a new doctor in my new city, so it took a little while to do, and that is why I most recently relapsed and gone back to using oxy, but now that I have found a doctor and have a new script for subs, I am planning to get back on them, however when I tried yesterday, it was hell. I think you are probably right that i did not wait long enough and was not in heavy enough withdrawal f...

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  Induction Problems

Author: Highways Posted: Tue Jul 21, 2009 7:30 am Good Day All- I have been on and off Subs for about 6 months now, and Im at the point where I am sick of going back and forth from my drug of choice(oxycontin) to suboxone, and want to just get back on the suboxone for good. My problem is the induction. I dont know if it is because I was taking so much of the painkiller or that, it just takes a couple days to stabilize, or what, but when I wake up, and wait an hour or two until withdrawl kicks in, and then take my suboxone, I feel much much better than had I taken nothing, but, I still feel pretty heavy withdrawal symptoms, regardless of my suboxone does, be it 8 Mg, 10mg, 12 mg...Is this common? Does it take two or three days to st...

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  From lexapro to subutex, vyvanse and xanax

Author: suboxdoc Posted: Sun Jul 19, 2009 9:26 pm I have a few thoughts, and I'm not sure where to start. The insomnia is likely because of the combination of cymbalta and vyvanse. Vyvanse is a long-acting stimulant; it is by far my favorite ADD medication to prescribe, as it has a very low risk of addiction compared to other stimulants. At the same time, your psychiatrist made some very aggressive medication changes in a very short period of time. I'm not going to pass judgment on a person I don't know, but in general you might want to change only one medication at a time, giving your extreme response to the Yyvanse. Cymbalta blocks reuptake of norepinephrine, which is very activating transmitter in the brain, and amphetamine (the ...

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  Contribution & The Fear of Everything

Spiritual teacher David Deida has suggested that hidden within our biggest fear lies our greatest gift. The road to our most meaningful and powerful contribution in life often travels through the precise territory we most wish to avoid. I have found this to be true in my case, and I do not consider it to be good news; rather, by definition, I find it to be both frightening and anxiety-producing.<!--break--> I am by nature a somewhat socially phobic, introverted recluse who likes nothing better than staying home in my pajamas on a rainy day. It recalls when I'd be sick enough as a kid to warrant taking a legitimate day off from school, thus saving me from having to feign illness in order to avoid what I perceived as the dangerous battlefield of Warren Point Elementary School in F...

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  The Mothers Act Disease Mongering Campaign - Part I

(NaturalNews) The Mothers Act represents the ultimate example of disease mongering at its worst because the eight-year attempt to pass this federal legislation has evolved into profiteering never before exhibited so conspicuously.Disease mongering "is the selling of sickness that widens the boundaries of illness and grows the markets for those who sell and deliver treatments," according to Ray Moyniahan and David Henry in the April 11, 2006 paper in PLoS Med, titled, "The Fight against Disease Mongering." "It is exemplified most explicitly by many pharmaceutical industry -- funded disease-awareness campaigns -- more often designed to sell drugs than to illuminate or to inform or educate about the prevention of illness or the maintenance of health," the authors explain. "Drug companies are ...

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  Michael jackson a junkie?

Author: Euphemism Posted: Mon Jul 13, 2009 7:51 am LOL.... I was gonna say that 250mg of Xanax each day seems impossible. 2mg is a big dose. I used to use maybe 10-20mg/day and would fall asleep in all sorts of weird, inappropriate places. 250mg of Xanax per day would have definitely flat-lined MJ.... and if... by some miracle it didn't... his head would explode if he ever had to go a day without it. Also, I don't believe Dilaudid comes in a 3mg pill form. I suppose he could have been taking a 2mg + a 1mg each dose, or been using the liquid form, but most doctors would rather use the readily available pill doses of 2mg or 4mg. If the doctor wanted him on 6mg/day, she would likely prescribe 2mg - 3 X per day. Also seems strange to ...

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  Either way you lose.

Author: suboxdoc Posted: Sat Jul 11, 2009 11:50 pm I firmly believe that people on Suboxone are as 'clean' as anyone going to meetings and not using-- I see as much personality growth and good things with Suboxone-- if not more. That said, you are likely still in 'addict' mode. I am huge on dosing ONCE per day with Suboxone; we know that for almost everyone, 4 mg is equivalent in opiate potency to 8, 12, 16, 24, or 32 (!) mg. The company that makes Suboxone has been sending notices out every month for over a year now, telling docs to limit doses to a MAX of 16 mg-- the course teaches docs to give 8-16 mg, in ONE dose-- your doc is giving in to you, and giving way too much Suboxone. I would guess you take it multiple times per day;...

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  Alprazolam prescribing in Tasmania: a two-fold intervention designed to reduce inappropriate prescribing and concomitant opiate prescription.

CONCLUSION: Education can be an effective strategy to influence prescribing behaviour of doctors. It is likely that this effect can be augmented by adoption of more stringent regulatory requirements. PMID: 19585293 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Australasian Psychiatry)

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  Portrait of Jackson's pill consumption emerges

Singer Michael Jackson took more than 10 Xanax pills a night, asking his employees to get the prescription medicine under their names and also personally traveling to doctors' offices in other states to obtain them, said a confidential document from 2004 that CNN obtained Thursday. (Source: CNN.com - Health)

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  [Benzodiazepine use in a sample of patients on a treatment program with opiate derivatives (PTDO).]

Conclusions; BZ-use data and their relationship to time spent on methadone are similar to those of other published studies. Despite the recommendation to use long half-life BZ in patients with substance abuse disorders, it is striking that in the case studied here the most widely prescribed type is alprazolam. PMID: 19578731 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Adicciones)

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  Obscene Drug Profits: Where They Go

(NaturalNews) Recently, a couple of Federal Budget Analysts from Washington, DC wondered about the profits in pharmaceutical drugs and came up with some interesting figures. Turns out that to purchase the active ingredients for many drugs is often pennies, while a hundred dollar plus price tag is passed on to consumers.They found a 100 tablets of 20 mg Prozac runs the consumer about $247.47, while the active ingredients only cost $0.11. Yes, that's right. Eleven cents for all one hundred tablets. It's a 224,973 percent mark-up, a profit margin most business owners dream of - but could never get away with.Even more profitable, Xanax customers regularly pay $136.79 for a hundred 1 mg tablets, while the active ingredients cost just under three cents. The mark-up is an unbelievable 569,958 per...

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  Health News of the Day

is a daily summary made from the selected links I post on Twitter. It is in a bullet points format with links to the original sources which include 350 RSS feeds that produce about 2,500 items per day.The coldest job on earth: doctor on Antarctica’s only international base http://bit.ly/18tNlVMonitoring bone mineral density in the first three years after starting treatment with bisphosphonate is unnecessary, BMJ http://is.gd/1foCWReport: Inexperienced doctors may fail to spot warning signs http://bit.ly/2dk6mMFactors associated with mortality in patients receiving methadone in primary care, BMJ: 8% people died http://bit.ly/2SGfhqMichael Jackson was on Demerol TID, Dilaudid, Vicodin, Xanax. The Huffington Post profiles one of his personal physicians: http://bit.ly/6Dek9Career Advice: T...

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  Was Michael Jackson Chemically Manipulated for Profit?

(NaturalNews) Michael Jackson's death gives us an opportunity to reflect on the way he was treated by the media (and the public) while he was alive. Through his work, Michael Jackson went to great lengths to send a message of love to the world -- to inspire others and add joy to our lives -- and yet he was derided as a monster by the tabloid media while being humiliated by the comedy routines of late-night talk show hosts.Western culture is cruel to celebrities.Anyone in a position of notoriety is automatically deemed a fair target for outrageous accusations and slander. As somewhat of a minor celebrity (in a narrow field) myself, I've seen some of this cruelty directed my way, and I can only imagine how much more devastating the cruelty would be at the scale and degree that was thrust upo...

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  Suffering, Seeking & Sanity

It's 1976, and I'm speaking to Karen, my partner at the time, bemoaning my lack of commitment to anything. All of my close friends over the years, up to and including my wife, Shari, will attest to the fact that I am a habitual bemoaner. (Be·moan: "To express grief or disappointment about something." In Yiddish, it is translated to "kvetch," which adds the elements of whining and complaining. It could be argued that, depending on my audience, I am both a bemoaner and a kvetcher.)<!--break-->In any event, those with the supernatural ability to see auras and animated cartoon icons appear in real life would have seen a light bulb pop on over Karen's head as she had a sudden, revelatory insight into my character. "You have a very strong and consistent commitment," she said. "You're comm...

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  Caffeine augments Alprazolam induced cytotoxicity in human cell lines.

Authors: Saha B, Mukherjee A, Samanta S, Saha P, Ghosh AK, Santra CR, Karmakar P Combined effects of alprazolam (Alp), a member of benzodiazepine group of drugs and caffeine on human cell lines, HeLa and THP1 were investigated in this study. Alp mediated cytotoxicity was enhanced while caffeine was present. The cell death was confirmed by observing morphological changes, LDH assay and membrane anisotropic study. Also such combined effects induced elevated level of ROS and depletion of GSH. The mechanism of cell death induced by simultaneous treatment of Alp and caffeine was associated with the calcium-mediated activation of mu-calpain, release of lysosomal protease cathepsin B, activation of PARP and cleavage of caspase 3. Our results indicate that, Alp alone induces apoptosis in human...

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  Chimpanzee Was On Anti-Anxiety Drug Xanax

Travis the chimpanzee — whose presence in a Stamford home had been called an "accident waiting to happen" months before he attacked Charla Nash — had the anti-anxiety drug Xanax in his system, according to the state's attorney's office. It is... (Source: OrlandoSentinel: Medical Research)

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  Validating a human model for anxiety using startle potentiated by cue and context: the effects of alprazolam, pregabalin, and diphenhydramine

Conclusion  Even though fear-potentiated startle may be used to translate preclinical evidence to human populations, methodological issues still hamper the application of this model to early screening of putative anxiolytic drugs. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original InvestigationDOI 10.1007/s00213-009-1516-5Authors J. M. P. Baas, Utrecht University Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences Van Unnik Building, Heidelberglaan 2 3584 CS Utrecht The NetherlandsN. Mol, Utrecht University Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences Van Unnik Building, Heidelberglaan 2 3584 CS Utrecht The NetherlandsJ. L. Kenemans, Utrecht University Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences Van Unnik Building, Hei...

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  Does oral alprazolam affect ventilation? A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

AbstractThe respiratory effects of benzodiazepines have been controversial. This investigation aimed to study the effects of oral alprazolam on ventilation. In a randomised, double-blind cross-over protocol, 20 healthy men ingested 1 mg of alprazolam or placebo in random order, 1 week apart. Ventilation was unobtrusively monitored by inductance plethysmography along with end-tidal PCO2 and pulse oximetry 60–160 min after drug intake. Subjects were encouraged to keep their eyes open. Mean ± SD minute ventilation 120 min after alprazolam and placebo was similar (6.21 ± 0.71 vs 6.41 ± 1.12 L/min, P = NS). End-tidal PCO2 and oxygen saturation did also not differ between treatments. However, coefficients...

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  Weight Management Myths

All eating is emotional. The tough part is choosing which group of emotions you want to motivate your eating. That was the argument of my previous post. This one reveals myths that make the choice unnecessarily difficult.Myth #2: When I lose weight I will value myself more. Weight loss programs reinforce this message, both directly, by asking you to "Think about how you don't like looking the in the mirror," and indirectly, with their emphasis on "goals" and "rules."Oh they say, "You should accept yourself fat," and "Keep going, even if you relapse," and that sort of thing. But no amount of lip service can counteract the emotional effect of goals: You're a loser unless you achieve them.When it comes to weight control, overeaters tend to feel like losers anyway. But just in case that's not ...

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  Anxiety Medications

Antianxiety medications help to calm and relax the anxious person and remove the troubling symptoms. There are a number of antianxiety medications currently available. The preferred medications for most anxiety disorders are the benzodiazepines such as Valium, Xanax/Zanex, and Ativan. (Source: About.com Mental Health)

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  Medications for Anxiety

Medications for anxiety benzodiazepines clonazepam Klonopin alprazolam Xanax diazepam Valium lorazepam Ativan buspirone buspar propranolol Inderal Inderide (Source: About.com Mental Health)

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  Virtual Reality, Psychotherapy, Show Promise in Treating PTSD Symptoms; Civilian Access to Care Remains a Concern

Early data from an NIMH-sponsored double-blind study of 24 war veterans shows a marked reduction in acoustic startle ─ the reflex response to sudden loud sounds ─ in those treated with virtual reality exposure therapy combined with either d-cycloserine, an antibiotic that has been shown to facilitate the extinction of fear memories; pill placebo; or the anti-anxiety medication alprazolam (Xanax). (Source: National Institute of Mental Health)

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  Xanax Side Effects

Catalogue of side effects for Xanax / Alprazolam, an antianxiety medication which may be prescribed for the treatment of bipolar disorder / manic depression and other mental disorders. (Source: About.com Bipolar Disorder)

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  Benzodiazepines

Information about the benzodiazepine family of medications, generally used to treat anxiety and related conditions, including Valium, Librium, Xanax and several others. (Source: About.com Bipolar Disorder)

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  Effect of smoking and CYP2D6 polymorphisms on the extent of fluvoxamine–alprazolam interaction in patients with psychosomatic disease

Conclusions  The extent of interaction between FVX and ALP may be affected by smoking, which alters the C/D ratio of FVX. Therefore, when FVX and ALP are concomitantly administered, it should be noted that non-smokers may exhibit greater drug interaction than smokers. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Pharmacokinectics and DispositionDOI 10.1007/s00228-009-0629-4Authors Hideyo Sugahara, Kyushu University Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Fukuoka JapanChiharu Maebara, Kyushu University Department of Medico-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka JapanHisakazu Ohtani, The University of Tokyo Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences 7-3-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Toky...

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  Crazed Chimp Was on Xanax During Attack?

Animal experts say chimp that mauled Conn. woman was on medication. (Source: ABC News: Health)

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  A comparison of the effects of a subtype selective and non-selective benzodiazepine receptor agonist in two CO2 models of experimental human anxiety

In conclusion, our results show that zolpidem shows some anxiolytic efficacy in the 7.5% CO2 model, similar to alprazolam, and this is the first report of such an effect of zolpidem in a model of anxiety. These and other studies of benzodiazepines in clinical and volunteer studies suggest a definite role of the GABA-A receptor in CO2-induced anxiety, and it would be of interest to examine other GABA-A receptor subtype selective drugs, which are now in early phase clinical studies and are showing selective efficacy in pharmacodynamic studies. (Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology)

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  Bipolar Disorder Fact Sheet

All of us experience changes in our moods. Some days we might feel irritable and frustrated; other days, we’re happy and excited. However, individuals with bipolar disorder experience severe mood swings that impair their daily life and negatively affect their relationships. Approximately 2.6 percent of American adults have bipolar disorder (formerly called manic depression and manic depressive disorder), according to the National Institute of Mental Health. These mood swings include “highs” (mania), when individuals feel either on top of the world or on edge, and “lows” (depression), when they feel sad and hopeless. Suicide attempts are common in bipolar disorder, especially during depressive episodes. Bipolar disorder can be effectively treated with medication and psychother...

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  [Maximal initiative dose of simvastatin causing acute renal failure through rhabdomyolysis: risk factors, pathomechanism and therapy related to a case.]

Conclusions: On account of risk factors listed above this case should have been administered to low initial dose of SIM. Developing myalgia or weekness in muscles, treatment must be stopped. In a case of predisposition to RML statin therapy and dosage can only be performed under continous supervision. PMID: 19179259 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Orvosi Hetilap)

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  Alprazolam treatment immediately after stress exposure interferes with the normal HPA-stress response and increases vulnerability to subsequent stress in an animal model of PTSD.

Conclusion: A brief course of alprazolam in the immediate aftermath of stress-exposure is associated with less favorable responses to additional stress-exposure later on. Alprazolam was associated with a significant attenuation of the HPA-response, suggesting a possible link between initial HPA-axis response disruption and the subsequent unfavorable outcomes. PMID: 19167197 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology)

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  Dogs as Therapists: The Case of Actor Mickey Rourke

On January 11, 2009 Mickey Rourke won the Golden Globe Award for best actor for his performance in Darren Aronofsky's "The Wrestler." When actors give acceptance speeches for such awards it is quite common for them to thank God and their family for the win, but Mickey Rourke thanked his dogs. If it had not been for the therapeutic effects of his relationship with his dogs, Mickey Rourke might not have been alive to accept this award. In the film, "The Wrestler," Rourke plays the part of Randy "The Ram" Robinson, a professional wrestler who is now well past his prime, holding on to the remains of a once-famous career, and presented with the opportunity for a comeback. These are circumstances that run more than little parallel to the actor's own life story. Rourke seemed destined to be a sup...

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  Azur Pharma Announces the Licensing of Niravam, Parcopa, Kemstro and Fluxid From UCB

Two Marketed CNS Products With U.S. Revenues of $20 Million Two FDA Approved but Unlaunched Products DUBLIN, Ireland, January 9 (HSMN NewsFeed) -- Azur Pharma Limited ("Azur Pharma") today announced that it licensed the exclusive U.S. market... Biopharmaceuticals, LicensingAzur Pharma, UCB, Niravam, Parcopa, Kemstro, Fluxid (Source: HSMN NewsFeed)

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  Freebies, Farewell

It seems there will be no more Zyprexa pen-knives, Prozac mugs, or Zoloft soap dispensers. Drug companies have agreed to a moratorium on free branded goodies for doctors.I have the sense of having lived through a full cycle of a public health political movement. When I started medical school, one of our first student meetings concerned free stethoscopes. A pharmaceutical house supplied them. Some politically aware classmates believed that to accept these gifts corrupted doctors. The solution was to gather the instruments in bulk and send them to a less well-stocked Latin American country - my memory is Nicaragua, but I'm hardly confident of the destination.I should add that the stethoscope that passed in and out of my hands was the last substantial drug company gift I received. For much of...

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  ALPRAZOLAM XR (Alprazolam) Tablet, Extended Release [Greenstone LLC]

Updated Date: Jan 5, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Panic disorder

New evidence; conclusions changed for: CBT versus drug treatments Existing evidence re-evaluated, and reporting in benefits section further enhanced with additional detail. Existing categorisation changed. 'CBT versus antidepressants (unclear which more effective, but weak evidence that effects of CBT may last longer than those of antidepressants)' categorised as Unknown effectiveness. CBT plus drug treatments versus drugs alone One systematic review (search date 2005) added which includes a meta-analysis for short- and long-term results.Benefits and harms data enhanced. Categorisation changed. CBT plus antidepressants categorised as Likely to be beneficial compared with antidepressants alone as combination treatment may be more effective. ...

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  Analytical study proving alprazolam degradation to its main impurity triazolaminoquinoleine through Maillard reaction.

Authors: Huidobro AL, Barbas C Triazolaminoquinoleine is rapidly formed in formulations of alprazolam tablets in presence of excipients, and its generation is speeded up with increasing temperature and humidity. The present paper deals with detailed quantitative and qualitative studies into the nonactive constituents of the formulation in order to determine the excipient (or the mixture) responsible for the degradation. Our studies have demonstrated that reducing carbohydrate excipients play a fundamental role in the generation of triazolaminoquinoleine, with lactose as the main one responsible, through a Maillard reaction. In order to demonstrate the validity of the proposed degradation mechanism, p-nitrobenzaldehyde has been employed as a model of reaction of the nucleophylic attack ...

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  Contribution of α1 subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptors to motor-impairing effects of benzodiazepines in squirrel monkeys

Conclusions  These experiments demonstrate dose-dependent motor impairment in squirrel monkeys using quantitative behavioral observation techniques. Altogether, these findings suggest a lack of a prominent role for α1 subunit-containing receptors in the alteration of hind-limb flexion, a putative measure of myorelaxation, induced by BZ-type drugs in monkeys. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original InvestigationDOI 10.1007/s00213-008-1401-7Authors Stephanie C. Licata, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School Belmont MA USADonna M. Platt, Harvard Medical School New England Primate Research Center One Pine Hill Drive P.O. Box 9102 Southborough MA 01772-9102 USAJames M. Cook, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee WI USAMichael L. Van Linn, University of Wisconsi...

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  Simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines and their metabolites in human serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using a high-resolution octadecyl silica column compatible with aqueous compounds.

Authors: Nakamura M, Ohmori T, Itoh Y, Terashita M, Hirano K A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method using a high-resolution octadecyl silica column compatible with aqueous compounds was developed for the simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines and their metabolites in human serum. This method enabled us to determine multiple benzodiazepines, including flurazepam, bromazepam, chlordiazepoxide, nitrazepam, clonazepam, flunitrazepam, estazolam, clobazam, lorazepam, alprazolam, triazolam, brotizolam, fludiazepam, diazepam, quazepam, prazepam and their metabolites such as 7-aminonitrazepam, 7-aminoclonazepam, 7-acetamidonitrazepam, N-desmethylclobazam and N-desmethyldiazepam. The analytes spiked into human serum were subjected to solid-phase extraction foll...

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  Benzodiazepine metabolism: an analytical perspective.

Authors: Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA Benzodiazepines are currently among the most frequently prescribed drugs all over the world. They act as anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics, amnesics, antiepileptics and muscle relaxants. Despite their common chemical scaffold, these drugs differ in their pharmacokinetic and metabolic properties. In particular, they are biotransformed by different cytochrome P450 isoforms and also by different UDP-glucuronosyltransferase subtypes. The most important studies on the metabolic characteristics of several 1,4-benzodiazepines, carried out from 1998 onwards, are reported and briefly discussed in this review. Moreover, the analytical methods related to these studies are also described and commented upon and their most important characteristics are hig...

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  Alprazolam and oxazepam block the cue-induced reinstatement of extinguished cocaine seeking in rats

Conclusions  These data suggest that benzodiazepines may be useful in blocking the ability of environmental cues to stimulate cocaine seeking. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original InvestigationDOI 10.1007/s00213-008-1326-1Authors Nicholas E. Goeders, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience P.O. Box 33932 1501 Kings Highway Shreveport LA 71130 USADavid M. Clampitt, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience P.O. Box 33932 1501 Kings Highway Shreveport LA 71130 USACourtney Keller, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience P.O. Box 33932 1501 Kings Highway Shreveport LA 71130...

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  An evaluation of data for 10 children born to mothers who attempted suicide by taking large doses of alprazolam during pregnancy

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on fetal development of very large doses of alprazolam that were used for suicide attempts during pregnancy. Pregnant women were identified among the patients of the Department of Toxicology Internal Medicine, Korányi Hospital, Budapest, who were admitted as self-poisoned subjects from a total population of the three million people of Budapest and its surrounding region. Rates of congenital abnormalities, intrauterine fetal development, and cognitive-behavioral status were compared between children born to mothers who attempted suicide during pregnancy using alprazolam alone or in combination with other drugs and in their sib controls. Between 1984 and 1993, 559 pregnant women attempted suicide during pregnancy with drugs: 30 o...

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  New Resources Added to Psychiatry Online

Psychiatry Online has added a new core textbook, and a new section of support for patients and their families.  You’ll find links to Psychiatry Online on JEFFLINE’s homepage (Quick links section), and on the Databases A-Z list.   From the publisher’s announcement: TEXTBOOK OF PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TREATMENTS Sure to become the standard text for all students and practicing psychotherapists, whatever their background—psychiatry, psychology, or social work—Textbook of Psychotherapeutic Treatments addresses all the major psychotherapeutic modalities in one comprehensive, authoritative volume edited by Glen O. Gabbard, M.D. In addition to individual therapies, the book addresses group, conjoint, and family therapies. Integrative forms of psychotherapy are covered as well. Ad...

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  Clinical observation on post-stroke anxiety neurosis treated by acupuncture.

CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture is a safe, effective and important method for treating PSAN. PMID: 19004200 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine)

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  Sedative-Hypnotic Medication Exposures and Poisonings in Izmir, Turkey.

In this study, the clinical outcome of the patients is relatively better than previous results described in literature. PMID: 18699798 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology)

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  Clinical drugs that interact with St. John's wort and implication in drug development.

Authors: Di YM, Li CG, Xue CC, Zhou SF St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum, SJW) is one of the most commonly used herbal antidepressants for the treatment of minor to moderate depression. A major safety concern about SJW is its ability to alter the pharmacokinetics and/or clinical response of a variety of clinically important drugs that have distinctive chemical structure, mechanism of action and metabolic pathways. This review highlights and updates the knowledge on clinical interactions of prescribed drugs with SJW and the implication in drug development. A number of clinically significant interactions of SJW have been identified with conventional drugs, including anticancer agents (imatinib and irinotecan), anti-HIV agents (e.g. indinavir, lamivudine and nevirapine), anti-inflamma...

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  Online Pharmacy Use Can Have Serious Consequences

In today’s communications landscape — where Internet access is readily available and advertising for prescription medication — it is no surprise that many patients are using online pharmacies. There are many benefits to this type of drug distribution: Disabled or homebound patients can have their medications conveniently delivered to their homes. Shoppers enjoy a certain level of discretion and anonymity. The selection of products is vast. Medications can be easily researched and compared, and computers can quickly catch potentially dangerous interactions. But there are also drawbacks to buying medications online. A study released July 9th by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University found that most websites selling prescription opioi...

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  The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) at Columbia University: New CASA* Report Finds: Most Web Sites Selling Prescription Opioids, Stimulants and Depressants Require No Prescription

NEW YORK, NY (MARKET WIRE) Despite a decline in the number of Web sites advertising or selling controlled prescription drugs, like OxyContin and Valium, Xanax and Vicodin, and Ritalin and Adderall, in the past year, 85 percent of Web sites selling such drugs do not require a prescription, according to "'You've Got Drugs!' V: Prescription Drug Pushers on the Internet," the fifth annual White Paper on this subject released by The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) at Columbia University. (Source: Market Wire - Pharmaceuticals and Biotech)

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  Determination of illicit and medicinal drugs and their metabolites in oral fluid and preserved oral fluid by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Authors: Concheiro M, de Castro A, Quintela O, Cruz A, López-Rivadulla M An LC-MS/MS method using 0.5 ml of oral fluid was developed for the determination of morphine, codeine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, methadone, amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine, benzoylecgonine, cocaine, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, zolpidem, zopiclone, alprazolam, clonazepam, oxazepam, nordiazepam, lorazepam, flunitrazepam, diazepam, diphenhydramine and amitriptyline. The method was fully validated in terms of linearity (the method was linear between 1-5 microg/L and 100-200 microg/L) recoveries (7.5-82.6%), within-day and between-day precisions and accuracies (CV and MRE, both <15%), limits of detection (0.5 mi...

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  Drug Enforcement Administration To Propose Rule To Allow E-Prescribing of Controlled Substances

The Drug Enforcement Administration as early as next week plans to announce a proposed rule that would allow electronic prescribing of medications classified as controlled substances, according to an individual familiar with the situation, the Wall Street Journal reports. The rule, which would require a public comment period, likely will include security requirements to ensure the legitimacy of prescriptions for controlled substances, which account for about 10% to 13% of all U.S. prescriptions.The rule would apply to "Schedule IV" medications -- such as the insomnia treatments Lunesta and Ambien, as well as the anti-anxiety medication Xanax -- and "Schedule V" medications, such as the pain treatment Lyrica. According to an individual familiar with the situation, the rule also would apply ...

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  Alexza Announces Preliminary Results From its AZ-002 (Staccato Alprazolam) Phase 2a Proof-of-Concept Trial in Patients With Panic Disorder

MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif., June 09, 2008 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced today preliminary results from its Phase 2a proof-of-concept clinical trial with AZ-002 (Staccato(R) alprazolam) in patients with panic disorder.... (Source: Drugs.com - Clinical Trials)

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  Long-term effectiveness of an intervention to discontinue chronic benzodiazepine use.

Conclusions. Even though there is a substantial relapse rate, the intervention to reduce chronic benzodiazepine use remains effective in the long-term. Key words: Clinical trial. Follow-up. Withdrawal. Benzodiazepine. Primary health care. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2008;36(0):00-00. PMID: 18523893 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria)

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  Influence of Incorporation Methods on Partitioning Behavior of Lipophilic Drugs into Various Phases of a Parenteral Lipid Emulsion.

Authors: Sila-On W, Vardhanabhuti N, Ongpipattanakul B, Kulvanich P The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of drug incorporation methods on the partitioning behavior of lipophilic drugs in parenteral lipid emulsions. Four lipophilic benzodiazepines, alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, and lorazepam, were used as model drugs. Two methods were used to incorporate drugs into an emulsion: dissolving the compound in the oil phase prior to emulsification (de novo emulsification), and directly adding a concentrated solution of drug in a solubilizer to the emulsion base (extemporaneous addition). Based on the molecular structures and determination of the oil and aqueous solubilities and the partition coefficients of the drugs, the lipophilicity was ranked as diazepam > clonaz...

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  Stress-induced attenuation of acoustic startle in low-saccharin-consuming rats.

Authors: Gonzales M, Garrett C, Chapman CD, Dess NK Exposure to stress can lead to either increased stress vulnerability or enhanced resiliency. Laboratory rats are a key tool in the exploration of basic biobehavioral processes underlying individual differences in the effect of stress on subsequent stressors' impact. The Occidental low (LoS) and high (HiS) saccharin-consuming rats, which differ in emotional reactivity, are useful in this effort. In the present study, footshock affected acoustic startle amplitude 4h later among LoS but not HiS rats. Surprisingly, shock attenuated startle rather than sensitizing it, a finding not previously reported for male rats exposed to shock. Attenuation was blocked by administering the anxiolytic drug alprazolam prior to stress, implicating anxiety...

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  Alexza Completes Enrollment In Phase 2a Clinical Trial With AZ-002 (Staccato(R) Alprazolam) In Panic Disorder Patients

Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: ALXA) announced that it has completed the enrollment in its Phase 2a proof-of-concept clinical trial with AZ-002 (Staccato(R) alprazolam) in patients with panic disorder. AZ-002 is an inhalation product candidate being developed for the acute treatment of panic attacks associated with panic disorder. AZ-002 is being developed through Symphony Allegro, a development collaboration formed between Alexza and Symphony Capital in 2006. (Source: Psychology / Psychiatry News From Medical News Today)

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  Complete atrioventricular block associated with concomitant use of metoprolol and paroxetine.

Authors: Onalan O, Cumurcu BE, Bekar L A 63-year-old woman, who had been treated with 20 mg of paroxetine and 0.5 mg of alprazolam daily for 1 year and with 50 mg of metoprolol daily for 15 days, presented to a facility elsewhere with presyncope and complete atrioventricular block. Three days after her initial presentation and cessation of metoprolol treatment, she was transferred to our clinic to be considered for permanent pacemaker implantation. Paroxetine treatment was discontinued on day 1 and atrioventricular block resolved on day 5, which was confirmed with a 24-hour Holter recording. No bradyarrhythmia was induced with similar doses of either metoprolol or paroxetine alone. At 2- and 3-year follow-up, the patient was still free of bradyarrhythmia documented with electrocardiogr...

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  Alprazolam potentiates the antiaversive effect induced by the activation of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors in the rat dorsal periaqueductal gray

Conclusions  Alprazolam as antidepressants compounds facilitates 5-HT1A- and 5-HT2A-receptor-mediated neurotransmission in the DPAG, implicating this effect in the mode of action of different classes of antipanic drugs. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original InvestigationDOI 10.1007/s00213-008-1134-7Authors Valquíria Camin de Bortoli, University of São Paulo Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto São Paulo BrazilRegina Lúcia Nogueira, University Estácio de Sá Laboratory of Comparative Psychology 20260-060 Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro BrazilHélio Zangrossi, University of São Paulo Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil Journal PsychopharmacologyOnline ISSN 1432-20...

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  Alprazolam(Alprazolam) Tablet, Extended Release [Actavis Elizabeth LLC]

Updated Date: Apr 18, 2008 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Pharmacology of neuropeptide S in mice: therapeutic relevance to anxiety disorders

Conclusions  These data provide an important confirmation and expansion of the anxiolytic-like effects of NPS and implicate the NPS system as a novel target for anxiolytic drug discovery. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original InvestigationDOI 10.1007/s00213-008-1080-4Authors Sarah K. Leonard, Wyeth Research Depression and Anxiety Disorders, Discovery Neuroscience CN8000 Princeton NJ 08543 USAJason M. Dwyer, Wyeth Research Depression and Anxiety Disorders, Discovery Neuroscience CN8000 Princeton NJ 08543 USAStacey J. Sukoff Rizzo, Wyeth Research Depression and Anxiety Disorders, Discovery Neuroscience CN8000 Princeton NJ 08543 USABrian Platt, Wyeth Research Depression and Anxiety Disorders, Discovery Neuroscience CN8000 Princeton NJ 08543 USASheree F. Logue, Wyet...

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  Alprazolam(Alprazolam) Tablet [Sandoz Inc.]

Updated Date: Feb 22, 2008 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Alprazolam(Alprazolam) Tablet [Actavis Elizabeth LLC]

Updated Date: Jan 31, 2008 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  alprazolam, Xanax, Kanax XR, Niravam

Title: alprazolam, Xanax, Kanax XR, NiravamCategory: MedicationsCreated: 12/31/1997Last Editorial Review: 1/30/2008 (Source: MedicineNet Arthritis General)

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  Effect of Jin-3-needling therapy on plasma corticosteroid, adrenocorticotrophic hormone and platelet 5-HT levels in patients with generalized anxiety disorder

Conclusion  The therapeutic efficacy of J3N in treating GAD is equivalent to, but with the efficacy index significantly higher than, that of conventional treatment. Moreover, when combined with drugs, needling might effectively prevent the side effect of the routinely used Western drugs. The regulatory action of needling on platelet 5-HT and plasma ACTH is probably one of the acting pathways for J3N treatment on GAD. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11655-007-0264-9Authors Qing Yuan, Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical University College of Acupuncture and Massage Guangzhou 510405 ChinaJia-ni Li, Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical University College of Acupuncture and Massage Guangzhou 510405 ChinaBin Liu, Sun Yet-sen University D...

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  Taking Cymbalta and Concerta for Depression

Q: I am currently taking Cymbalta and Concerta (1 month) for my depression but I still have problems with insomnia, followed by daytime sleepiness. I am taking Xanax for insomnia. However, my quality of sleep is unrefreshing, and it is difficult getting up in the morning. What should I do? Thank you very much. A: In such [...] (Source: CounsellingResource.com News and Features)

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  Treatments for Anxiety

Anxiety is a well-understood and readily treated condition. There are many different kinds of specific anxiety disorders, ranging from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) to panic attacks. The below treatment options cover general anxiety disorders and are usually recommended in some combination. Medications The medications most often used to treat anxiety are a class of drugs known as benzodiazepines (also called “minor tranquilizers”). These include Xanax, Ativan and Klonopin. The primary concern with these substances is their potential for tolerance, physical dependence, and the likely recurrence of panic and anxiety symptoms when the medication is stopped. Hence, they are best used for treating short-term anxiety and panic. Because anxiety is so often associated with depre...

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  Alprazolam(ALPRAZOLAM) Tablet [ALPHAPHARM PTY. LTD.]

Updated Date: Nov 30, 2007 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Predominance of Illicit Drugs and Poly-Drug Use Among Drug-Impaired Drivers in Sweden.

Conclusions. The dramatic increase in DUID after the zero-tolerance law came into force probably reflects enhanced police activity and more enthusiasm to apprehend and charge individuals for this offence. Illicit drugs, particularly amphetamine and cannabis, and poly-drug use were predominant compared with use of scheduled prescription drugs. The typical DUID offender in Sweden abuses central stimulants, particularly amphetamine, and has probably done so over many years. Options for treating offenders for their underlying substance abuse problem should be considered instead of the more conventional penalties for drug-impaired driving. PMID: 17994489 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Traffic Injury Prevention)

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  An effect-size analysis of pharmacologic treatments for generalized anxiety disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent and impairing disorder, associated with extensive psychiatric and medical comorbidity and usually characterized by a chronic course. Different drugs have been investigated in GAD; among them are the following: 1) SSRIS: paroxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine and escitalopram; 2) SNRI1S: venlafaxine; 3) benzodiazepines (BZS): alprazolam, diazepam and lorazepam; 4) azapirones (AZAS): buspirone; 5) antihistamines (AHS): hydroxyzine; 6) pregabalin (PGB); and 7) complementary/alternative medicine (CAM): kava-kava and homeopathic preparation. We conducted an effect size (ES) analysis of 21 double-blind placebo-controlled trials of medications treating DSM-III-R, DSM-IV or ICD-10 GAD using HAM-A change in score from baseline or endpoint score as the ...

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  Alprazolam Extended-Release Tablets, Vintage Pharma, Approval - Labels are not available on site

FDA, US (Source: CEBMH News | News Front Page)

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  Cognitive style, alprazolam plasma levels, and treatment response in panic disorder

This study investigated an anxiety-prone cognitive style (measured by the Anxious Thoughts and Tendencies Questionnaire, AT&T) as a predictor of the acute response to increasing alprazolam plasma levels in panic disorder. Panic disorder patients (n=26) were treated with escalating doses of alprazolam for 4 weeks, then a fixed dose of 1 mg four times a day for 4 weeks. At 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, trough alprazolam plasma levels; clinical, self-report, and performance measures; and vital signs were assessed. Panic attack data were from daily diaries. The repeated response measures were analyzed in relation to alprazolam plasma levels using SAS GENMOD, with patients classified as high or low on the baseline AT&T. Panic attacks, anticipatory anxiety, fear, avoidance, overall agoraphobia,...

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  Long-term, high-dose benzodiazepine prescriptions in veteran patients with PTSD: Influence of preexisting alcoholism and drug-abuse diagnoses

Databases from the New England Veterans Integrated Service Network were analyzed to determine factors associated with long-term, high-dose anxiolytic benzodiazepine prescriptions dispensed to patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and existing alcoholism and/or drug abuse diagnoses. Among 2,183 PTSD patients, 234 received the highest 10% average daily doses for alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, or lorazepam, doses above those typically recommended. Highest doses were more commonly prescribed to patients with existing drug abuse diagnoses. Among patients with PTSD and alcoholism, younger age, drug abuse, and concurrent prescriptions for another benzodiazepine and oxycodone/acetaminophen independently predicted high doses. Results indicate that for veteran patients with PTSD, alc...

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  Modulation of human risky decision making by flunitrazepam

Conclusions  At sufficiently high doses, flunitrazepam can engender increases in risky decision making. Globally, these changes appear similar to previous effects we have observed after acute administration of alcohol and alprazolam. As suggested by the EVM outcomes, the mechanisms underlying the changes in risky decision making are more similar to alprazolam than alcohol. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original InvestigationDOI 10.1007/s00213-007-0951-4Authors Scott D. Lane, University of Texas Health Science Center–Houston Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences 1300 Moursund Street Houston TX 77030 USADon R. Cherek, University of Texas Health Science Center–Houston Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences 1300 Moursund Street Houston TX 77030 USASylvain O. Nouvion, U...

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  Maximal inhibition of intestinal first-pass metabolism as a pragmatic indicator of intestinal contribution to the drug-drug interactions for CYP3A4 cleared drugs.

Authors: Galetin A, Hinton LK, Burt H, Obach RS, Houston JB For certain CYP3A4 substrates intestinal first-pass metabolism makes a substantial contribution to low oral bioavailability and extent of drug-drug interactions (DDI). In order to include the contribution of enzyme inhibition in the gut wall in the assessment of DDI potential, the ratio of the intestinal wall availability in the presence and absence of an inhibitor (F(G)(') and F(G), respectively) has been incorporated into a prediction equation based on hepatic enzyme interactions. This approach has been applied for both reversible and irreversible DDIs, involving 36 different inhibitors and 11 CYP3A4 substrates. The aim was to investigate the use of maximal (complete) inhibition of intestinal CYP3A4 (F(G)(')=1) as a pragmati...

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  Review: Benzodiazepines in generalized anxiety disorder: heterogeneity of outcomes based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and efficacy of benzodiazepines in the treatment of GAD based on trial drop-out rates. We used a systematic review of randomized controlled trials that compared any of the three best established benzodiazepines (diazepam, Lorazepam and aLprazolam) against placebo. Our primary outcome for effectiveness was withdrawal for any reason. Our secondary outcome tapping efficacy was withdrawal due to lack of efficacy, and that tapping side effects was withdrawals due to adverse events.We included 23 trials. Pooled analysis indicated less risk of treatment discontinuation due to lack of efficacy for benzodiazepines, compared to placebo, relative risk (RR) 0.29 (95% CI 0...

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  Different Acute Tolerance Development to EEG, Psychomotor Performance and Subjective Assessment Effects after Two Intermittent Oral Doses of Alprazolam in Healthy Volunteers

Neuropsychobiology 2007;55:203-212 (DOI:10.1159/000108379) (Source: Karger Publishers)

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  A rapid CZE method for the analysis of benzodiazepines in spiked beverages

A rapid CZE method was developed for the simultaneous determination of nine benzodiazepines in spiked beverages (nitrazepam oxazepam, alprazolam, flunitrazepam, temazepam, diazepam, 7-aminoflunitrazepam, 7-aminonitrazepam and 7-aminoclonazepam). The method employed a double-coated capillary coated with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and then dextran sulphate. The BGE conditions were 100 mM ammonium phosphate buffer, pH 2.5, which gave baseline resolution between consecutive peaks and a run time of less than 6.5 min. This method offers improvements in both resolution and run time, compared to those attained under analogous conditions with an uncoated capillary. The validated method was successfully applied to beverages that had been spiked with benzodiazepines at concentrations simu...

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  Cognitive, psychomotor and actual driving performance in healthy volunteers after immediate and extended release formulations of alprazolam 1 mg. - Leufkens TR, Vermeeren A, Smink BE, van Ruitenbeek P, Ramaekers JG.

RATIONALE: Alprazolam extended-release (XR) is approved for the treatment of panic disorder. This sustained formulation is absorbed in a delayed manner and is therefore expected to produce fewer and less severe side effects than its immediate release equiv... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))

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  Absence of Food Effect on the Extent of Alprazolam Absorption from an Orally Disintegrating Tablet

Conclusion. Coadministration of food was shown to have no effect on extent of absorption of immediate-release alprazolam ODT 1.0 mg when compared with drug administration in the fasted condition; however, the rate of drug absorption was decreased. The clinical significance of the difference in rate of alprazolam absorption is unknown but thought to be minimal. (Source: Pharmacotherapy: Official Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy)

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  Huntington's Disease Sufferers Need Focussed Management Of Sleep Symptoms In Their Treatment

Mice carrying the genetic mutation that causes Huntington's Disease (HD) showed marked improvements in alertness and their ability to learn after they were given drugs that put them to sleep.Researchers at the University of Cambridge found that daily treatments of Alprazolam or chloral hydrate, two different sedative drugs, enabled them to develop a regular sleep pattern and improved their cognitive function -- their ability to understand and act on information. [click link for full article] (Source: Huntingtons Disease News From Medical News Today)

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  Alprazolam: Respiratory distress, sepsis (first reports) and drug withdrawal in a neonate following in utero exposure: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  Alprazolam: Respiratory distress, sepsis (first reports) and drug withdrawal in a neonate following in utero exposure: case report.

Page: 5 (Source: Reactions Weekly)

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  Gore Case Calls Attention to Prescription Drug Abuse

The arrest of Al Gore III on charges of illegal possession of marijuana, Adderall, Xanax, Valium and Vicodin is helping to raise awareness about the problem of prescription drug abuse. (Source: Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs News)

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  Alprazolam(Alprazolam) Solution, Concentrate [Roxane]

Updated Date: Jul 6, 2007 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Benoit's Doctor Charged With Improperly Dispensing Drugs To Patients

Dr. Phil Astin, Chris Benoit's doctor, has been charge with improperly dispensing Percocet, Xanax, Lorcet and Vicoprofen to patients. Dr. Astin has not been charged with supplying steroids to Benoit. An investigation is ongoing to find out whether Dr. Astin improperly prescribed drugs and testosterone to Benoit. Dr. [click link for full article] (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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  Benoit's Doctor Charged With Improperly Dispensing Drugs To Patients

Dr. Phil Astin, Chris Benoit's doctor, has been charged with improperly dispensing Percocet, Xanax, Lorcet and Vicoprofen to patients. Dr. Astin has not been charged with supplying steroids to Benoit. An investigation is ongoing to find out whether Dr. Astin improperly prescribed drugs and testosterone to Benoit. Dr. Phil Astin prescribed anabolic steroids to Benoit over a ten-month period, every 3 to 4 weeks. Benoit was apparently an 'excessive' buyer of injectable steroids. [click link for full article] (Source: Sports Medicine / Fitness News From Medical News Today)

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  Reversal of memory deficits by Atorvastatin and Simvastatin in rats.

Authors: Parle M, Singh N The present study was undertaken to investigate the beneficial effects of Atorvastatin and Simvastatin in cognitive dysfunctions of rats. Alprazolam, Scopolamine and high fat diet (HFD) induced amnesia served as interoceptive memory models where as, Water-maze and Elevated plus-maze served as exteroceptive models. A total of 38 groups of rats were used in this investigation. Escape latency time (ELT) recorded during acquisition trials conducted from day 1 to day 4, in water maze was taken as an index of acquisition, where as mean time spent in target quadrant during retrieval trial on day 5, was taken as the index of retrieval (memory). On elevated plus-maze, transfer latency (TL) measured on 1st d served as the index of acquisition and TL recorded on 2nd d wa...

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  Defensive-like behaviors induced by ultrasound: further pharmacological characterization in Lister-hooded rats

Conclusions  The present data demonstrate that ultrasound-induced defensive behaviors in LH rats can be independently modulated by anxiolytics of different classes. In particular, ultrasound-induced escape shows sensitivity to the majority of acute therapeutics effective in panic disorder, although sensitivity to compounds with slow onset of action (e.g., antidepressants) remains to be demonstrated. Content TypeJournal Article JournalPsychopharmacologyOnline ISSN 1432-2072Print ISSN 0033-3158 (Source: Psychopharmacology)

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  Application of a Computational Decision Model to Examine Acute Drug Effects on Human Risk Taking.

In this study, a computational modeling analysis known as the expectancy valence model (J. R. Busemeyer & J. C. Stout, 2002) was applied to individual-participant data from these studies, for the highest administered dose of all 3 drugs and corresponding placebo doses, to determine changes in decision-making processes that may be uniquely engendered by each drug. The model includes 3 parameters: responsiveness to rewards and losses (valence or motivation); the rate of updating expectancies about the value of risky alternatives (learning/memory); and the consistency with which trial-by-trial choices match expected outcomes (sensitivity). Parameter estimates revealed 3 key outcomes: Alcohol increased responsiveness to risky rewards and decreased responsiveness to risky losses (motivation) bu...

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  IMPAX Receives Final FDA Approval for Generic Xanax(R) XR Extended Release Tablets

Global Pharmaceuticals Division to Launch HAYWARD, Calif.--(HSMN NewsFeed)--IMPAX Laboratories, Inc. (OTC:IPXL ) today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted final approval of the Company's Abbreviated New Drug Applicatio... Biopharmaceuticals, Generics, FDAIMPAX Laboratories, Xanax, Alprazolam, Xanax XR, Pharmacia (Source: HSMN NewsFeed)

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  Impax gets FDA's OK for generic Xanax

The Food and Drug Administration approved a generic version of Xanax extended release tablets made by Impax Laboratories Inc. (Source: bizjournals.com Health Care:Pharmaceuticals headlines)

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  Alprazolam induced conformational change in hemoglobin.

Authors: Maitra S, Saha B, Santra CR, Mukherjee A, Goswami S, Chanda PK, Karmakar P Alprazolam (ALP) is a widely prescribed sedative and antidepressant benzodiazepine group of drugs. The wide uses of this drug lead us to investigate its possible interaction with hemoglobin (Hb). Spectrophotometric and spectofluorimetric studies showed strong binding of ALP with Hb. Circular dichroic spectra showed that alpha-helical structure of Hb-subunits has been largely changed. On ALP treatment partial pressure of O(2) is increased in the blood indicating release of O(2) from erythrocytes. Further, the binding of ALP-induced conformational changes in Hb resulting in larger Hb particle size was demonstrated by dynamic light scattering experiment. Thus, the present study unambiguously raises questio...

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  Alprazolam(Alprazolam) Tablet, Extended Release [Teva Pharmaceuticals USA]

Updated Date: May 24, 2007 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Internet Drug Pushing Up Again

Since last year, 135% more web sites advertise prescription drugs such as Xanax, Vicodin, and Ritalin, and 7% more sites offer to sell the drugs. (Source: WebMD Health)

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  Effect of GABAergic ligands on the anxiolytic-like activity of DOI (a 5-HT(2A/2C) agonist) in the four-plate test in mice.

Authors: Massé F, Hascoët M, Bourin M 5-HTergic and GABAergic systems are involved in neurobiology of anxiety. Precedent studies have demonstrated that SSRIs possessed an anxiolytic-like effect in the four-plate test (FPT) at doses that did not modify spontaneous locomotor activity. This effect seems to be mediated through the activation of 5-HT(2A) postsynaptic receptors. The purpose of the present study was to examine the implication of GABA system in the anxiolytic-like activity of DOI in the FPT. To achieve this, the co-administration of DOI (5-HT(2A/2C) receptor agonists) with GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptor ligands was evaluated in the FPT. Alprazolam, diazepam and muscimol (for higher dose) potentiated the anxiolytic-like effect of DOI. Bicuculline, picrotoxin and baclofen inhibi...

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  Clinical experience of the use of a pharmacological treatment algorithm for major depressive disorder in patients with advanced cancer

The objective of this study was to describe the applicability and the dropout of the pharmacological treatment algorithm for major depressive disorder in patients with advanced cancer.Psychiatrists treated major depressive disorder in advanced cancer patients on the basis of the algorithm. For discussing the problems related to the algorithm, we reviewed the reasons for the non-application of the algorithm and the reasons for dropout of patients within a week of initiation of treatment.The algorithm was applied in 54 of 59 cases (applicability rate, 92%). The reasons for the non-application of the algorithm were as follows: the need to add a benzodiazepine to an antidepressant in 4 cases and the need to choose alprazolam despite the depression being moderate in severity, in order to obtain...

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  Anxiolytic therapy with alprazolam increases muscle sympathetic activity in patients with panic disorders.

This study demonstrates (1) that anxiolytic therapy with alprazolam increases muscle sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate not only in patients with panic disorder but also in healthy controls and (2) that a significant difference in sympathetic nervous system activity between patients and controls, at baseline and during the therapy with alprazolam could not be demonstrated. PMID: 17363337 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience)

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  FDA warns of unsafe drugs purchased over the internet

Several individuals who ordered Ambien® (zolpidem tartrate), Xanax® (alprazolam), Lexapro® (escitalopram oxalate) or Ativan® (lorazepam) over the internet have sought emergency medical treatment for symptoms such as difficulty in breathing, muscle spasms and muscle stiffness after ingesting the suspect product. According to preliminary analyses, the products contained haloperidol, which can cause muscle stiffness, spasms, agitation and sedation. The origin of these tablets is unknown but the packages were postmarked in Greece. The FDA is therefore reissuing its warning to consumers about the possible dangers of buying prescription medications online. It urges consumers to review the FDA Web site for information before buying medication over the Internet. (Source: NeLM ...

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  Unsafe, Misrepresented Drugs Purchased Over the Internet: Ambien, Xanax, Lexapro, and Ativan

Individuals who ordered Ambien, Xanax, Lexapro, and Ativan over the internet received a product that contained haloperidol, a powerful anti-psychotic drug. (Source: FDA MedWatch)

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  Antipsychotic Meds Sent To Online Pill Shoppers

Some people shopping for Ambien or Xanax get another powerful drug instead. (Source: WDSU.com - Health)

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  Actavis Launches Alprazolam ER Tablets in the U.S.

REYKJAVIK, Iceland, Feb. 14 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Actavis Group (ICEX: ACT), the international generic pharmaceuticals company, today announced that it has received approval from the U.S. Food & Drug Administration to market Alprazolam ER tablets. Distribution of the product will commence in coming weeks. Alprazolam ER tablets, the generic... (Source: Drug Newswire)

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  FDA Alerts Consumers to Unsafe, Misrepresented Drugs Purchased Over the Internet

FDA has become aware that a number of Americans who placed orders for specific drug products over the Internet (Ambien, Xanax, Lexapro, and Ativan), instead received a product that, according to preliminary analysis, contains haloperidol, a powerful anti-psychotic drug. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

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  Actavis Launches Alprazolam ER Tablets In The U.S.

Actavis Group (ICEX: ACT), the international generic pharmaceuticals company, today announced that it has received approval from the U.S. Food & Drug Administration to market Alprazolam ER tablets. Distribution of the product will commence in coming weeks. Alprazolam ER tablets, the generic equivalent of Pfizer's Xanax(R) XR tablets, will be available in 0. [click link for full article] (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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  Actavis Launches Alprazolam ER Tablets In The U.S.

Actavis Group (ICEX: ACT), the international generic pharmaceuticals company, today announced that it has received approval from the U.S. Food & Drug Administration to market Alprazolam ER tablets. Distribution of the product will commence in coming weeks. Alprazolam ER tablets, the generic equivalent of Pfizer's Xanax(R) XR tablets, will be available in 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, and 3 mg strengths. [click link for full article] (Source: Anxiety News From Medical News Today)

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  [Automation and Analytical Techniques] Drug Screening of Preserved Oral Fluid by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Conclusion: The method allowed rapid and sensitive oral fluid screening for the most commonly abused drugs in Norway and will be used for a road-side survey of drug use in normal traffic. (Source: Clinical Chemistry)

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  Selegiline Transdermal System: An Examination of the Potential for CYP450-Dependent Pharmacokinetic Interactions With 3 Psychotropic Medications

This article reports results from 3 studies examining the potential for cytochrome P450-dependent pharmacokinetic interactions between STS and 3 psychotropic medications that might be coadministered. Three open-label, randomized, Latin square, 3-sequence crossover design studies were conducted with healthy volunteers to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of STS 6 mg/24 h and test drug (alprazolam, olanzapine, or risperidone) when administered alone and concomitantly. All pharmacokinetic parameters of interest were unaltered following selegiline or test drug monotherapy when compared to concomitant therapy. This was confirmed by least squares mean ratios and their 90% confidence intervals of loge-transformed Cmax and AUC values, using either standard bioequivalence criteria of 80% to ...

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  CYP3A5 polymorphism and alprazolam pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics.

Authors: Venkatakrishnan K, Gibbs MA PMID: 17178274 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

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  Seizure Incidence in Psychopharmacological Clinical Trials: An Analysis of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Summary Basis of Approval Reports.

CONCLUSIONS: Proconvulsant effects are associated with a subgroup of psychotropic drugs. Second-generation antidepressants other than bupropion have an apparent anticonvulsant effect. Depression, psychotic disorders, and OCD are associated with reduced seizure threshold. PMID: 17223086 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Biological Psychiatry)

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  Cognitive, psychomotor and actual driving performance in healthy volunteers after immediate and extended release formulations of alprazolam 1 mg

Conclusions??The acute impairing effects of alprazolam XR 1?mg on driving and psychomotor functions were generally less, as compared to its immediate-release equivalent, but still of sufficient magnitude to increase the risk of becoming involved in traffic accidents. Content TypeJournal Article JournalPsychopharmacologyOnline ISSN 1432-2072Print ISSN 0033-3158 (Source: Psychopharmacology)

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  Inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 catalyzed metabolism of alprazolam and quinine by ketoconazole as racemate and four different enantiomers

Conclusions??Alprazolam and quinine metabolism is catalyzed by both CYP3A4 and CYP3A5. The present study showed that different KTZ enantiomers inhibit CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 to different degrees, indicating that structural differences among the enantiomers would be related to their inhibitory potency on these two enzymes. Content TypeJournal Article JournalEuropean Journal of Clinical PharmacologyOnline ISSN 1432-1041Print ISSN 0031-6970 (Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)

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  Alprazolam: First report of angioedema: case report

(Source: Reactions)

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  Sublingual use of olanzapine in combination with alprazolam to treat agitation in a terminally ill patient receiving parenteral nutrition

Online early issue. (Source: European Journal of Cancer Care)

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  [INFLUENTIAL PUBLICATIONS] The Search for New Off-Label Indications for Antidepressant, Antianxiety, Antipsychotic and Anticonvulsant Drugs

Most drugs are prescribed for several illnesses, but it took several years for psychotropic drugs to have multiple clinical indications. Our search for serotonergic drugs in affective illnesses and related disorders led to new off-label indications for fluoxetine, sertraline, tryptophan, clonazepam, alprazolam, tomoxetine, buproprion, duloxetine, risperidone and gabapentin. Various clinical trial designs were used for these proof-of-concept studies. Novel therapeutic uses of benzodiazepines, such as in panic disorder and mania, were found with the introduction of 2 high-potency benzodiazepines, clonazepam and alprazolam, which were thought to have serotonergic properties. Our initial clinical trials of fluoxetine and sertraline led to their approved indications in the treatment of obsessiv...

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  Forum: Medications Used in Mental Health :: RE: xanax and guilt

Author: *Sarah* Posted: Wed 15 Nov 2006 9:03 am (GMT 1) In relation to my above post, and for more information on the dangers of XANAX, check out the articles on this site: http://www.benzo.org.uk/xanax.htm Sarahview forum post (Source: CounsellingResource.com News and Features)

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  Forum: Medications Used in Mental Health :: RE: xanax and guilt

Author: *Sarah* Posted: Tue 14 Nov 2006 12:42 pm (GMT 1) Hi there, "Bipolar" is not so much a buzzphrase, rather it is actually short for Bipolar I Disorder or Bipolar II Disorder, both of which are characterised by Manic, Hypomanic, or Mixed Episodes AND Major Depressive...view forum post (Source: CounsellingResource.com News and Features)

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  Barr Receives Approval For Generic XANAX XR(R) Tablets

Barr Laboratories, Inc., a subsidiary of Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NYSE: BRL), today announced that it received final approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its application to manufacture and market ageneric version of Pfizer Inc.'s XANAX XR(R) (Alprazolam Extended-Release)Tablets, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg and 3 mg. The Company intends to launch itsproduct immediately. [click link for full article] (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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  Barr Receives Approval For Generic XANAX XR(R) Tablets

Barr Laboratories, Inc., a subsidiary of Barr Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NYSE: BRL), today announced that it received final approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its application to manufacture and market ageneric version of Pfizer Inc.'s XANAX XR(R) (Alprazolam Extended-Release)Tablets, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg and 3 mg. The Company intends to launch itsproduct immediately. [click link for full article] (Source: Psychology / Psychiatry News From Medical News Today)

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  The New Term “Pharm Party” Refers to a Party Where Prescription Drugs Are Readily Available in a Potentially Deadly Mixture

Today, when young people talk about a “Pharm Party,” they are not necessarily referring to a keg party in someone’s barn out on the family farm. The term “Pharm” is short for pharmaceuticals, which includes such drugs as Xanax, a strong tranquilizer and powerful pain killers like Vicodin and Oxycontin. Often times mind altering psychotropic drugs like Zoloft, Prozac, and Wellbutrin, commonly advertised on television, are taken in concert with other powerful pain pills and tranquilizers at these pharmaceutical cocktail parties. (PRWEB Jul 20, 2006) Trackback URI: http://www.prweb.com/dingpr.php/U3F1YS1Qcm9mLUNyYXMtU3F1YS1JbnNlLVplcm8= (Source: PRWeb: Medical Pharmaceuticals)

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  Art imitates science for painter inspired by microscopic views

I find I prefer Xanax to Zoloft. The colors are brighter, the light seems to dance and it's oddly calming. (Source: bizjournals.com Health Care:Pharmaceuticals headlines)

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  [Drug Monitoring and Toxicology] Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Detection of Low Concentrations of 21 Benzodiazepines, Metabolites, and Analogs in Urine: Method with Forensic Applications

Conclusion: This method measured low concentrations of BZPs and BZP-like substances and might be useful for analyses of urine in suspected drug-facilitated sexual assault cases. (Source: Clinical Chemistry)

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  New CASA* White Paper Reveals: Number of Web Sites Selling Controlled Prescription Drugs Up for Third Straight Year

Nine of Ten Sites Do Not Require Any Prescription NEW YORK, June 19 /PRNewswire/ -- For the third year in a row, the number of Web sites selling controlled prescription drugs like OxyContin, Vicodin, Xanax, Valium and Ritalin has increased, according to a new White Paper released by... (Source: Drug Newswire)

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  In a 30 year old woman, already taking an SSRI and quetiapine, is there any evidence that cyclical use of alprazolam reduces severity of symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. If so do the benefits on average outweight potential harms?

Unfortunately, we cannot answer this question as we found no guidelines or studies examining the cyclical use of alprazolam to treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder in patients concurrently taking quetiapine and a SSRI. This being the case coupled with not knowing the SSRI the patient is taking, plus the possibility of drug reactions occurring between SSRIs, an antipsychotic and a benzodiazepine, the NLH Q & A Service would recommend referring this query to Medicines Information. (Source: NLH Question Answering Service)

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  The search for new off-label indications for antidepressant, antianxiety, antipsychotic and anticonvulsant drugs.

Authors: Chouinard G Most drugs are prescribed for several illnesses, but it took several years for psychotropic drugs to have multiple clinical indications. Our search for serotonergic drugs in affective illnesses and related disorders led to new off-label indications for fluoxetine, sertraline, tryptophan, clonazepam, alprazolam, tomoxetine, buproprion, duloxetine, risperidone and gabapentin. Various clinical trial designs were used for these proof-of-concept studies. Novel therapeutic uses of benzodiazepines, such as in panic disorder and mania, were found with the introduction of 2 high-potency benzodiazepines, clonazepam and alprazolam, which were thought to have serotonergic properties. Our initial clinical trials of fluoxetine and sertraline led to their approved indications in ...

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  Alexza Initiates AZ-002 Phase IIa Clinical Trial In Patients With Panic Disorder

AlexzaPharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: ALXA) announced today that it has initiateda Phase IIa clinical trial with AZ-002 (Staccato(TM) alprazolam) inpatients with panic disorder. AZ-002 is an inhalation product candidatebeing developed for the acute treatment of panic attacks associated withpanic disorder. The Phase IIa clinical trial is an in-clinic proof of concept study. [click link for full article] (Source: Mental Health News From Medical News Today)

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  Types of medication errors in North Carolina nursing homes: a target for quality improvement.

CONCLUSION: Based on the experience in North Carolina, quality improvement efforts in nursing homes should focus on the medications commonly involved in errors and should continue to discourage or closely monitor the use of medications considered potentially inappropriate in the elderly. PMID: 16730621 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy)

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  Topiramate use in alprazolam addiction.

Authors: Michopoulos I, Douzenis A, Christodoulou C, Lykouras L Alprazolam is successful in reducing anxiety but has a high addictive/misuse potential. Topiramate is a novel anticonvulsant which has been used as a mood stabilizer. Other anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine and valproate, have been used in alcohol and benzodiazepine withdrawal. Topiramate has recently been used in alcohol, cocaine and opiates withdrawal. There has been also one report of topiramate use in midazolam withdrawal. In our case of a patient with recurrent major depressive disorder, subthreshold anxiety disorder and addiction to alprazolam, topiramate appears to be efficient and safe in alprazolam withdrawal. PMID: 17071548 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The World Journal of Biological Psychiatr...

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Top Viagra Store

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Indian Meds

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Friendly ED Pharmacy

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Popular ED Products

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Perfect ED Store

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