MedWorm: Acyclovir

  Long‐Term Impact of Acyclovir Suppressive Therapy on Genital and Plasma HIV RNA in Tanzanian Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Conclusions. Acyclovir administered at a dosage of 400 mg twice daily is unlikely to be a useful long‐term intervention to reduce HIV transmission. The lack of effect on HIV may be attributable to suboptimal adherence or treatment regimen. Clinical trial registration. Current Controlled Trials registration no.: ISRCTN35385041. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)

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  Advances in Pediatric Neurovirology

Abstract  Viral infections of the pediatric central nervous system (CNS) encompass a broad spectrum of both perinatally and postnatally acquired diseases with potentially devastating effects on the developing brain. In children, viral infections have been associated with chronic encephalopathy, encephalitis, demyelinating disease, tumors, and epilepsy. Older diagnostic techniques of biopsy, viral culture, electron microscopy, gel-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and viral titer quantification are being replaced with more rapid, sensitive, and specific real-time and microarray-based PCR technologies. Advances in neuroimaging technologies have provided for earlier recognition of CNS injury without elucidation of specific viral etiology. Although the mainstay therapy of ...

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  Clinical and Virologic Efficacy of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Suppression by Acyclovir in a Multicontinent Clinical Trial

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. Acyclovir suppressive therapy (400 mg twice daily) reduces herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2–associated genital ulcer disease and lesional HSV shedding. In an international trial of acyclovir for suppression of HSV type 2 to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition (HIV Prevention Trials Network 039), acyclovir had a smaller effect on the frequency of genital ulcer disease as well as a smaller effect on the frequency and quantity of lesional HSV DNA in African women and Peruvian men, compared with its effects in men in the United States. The observed regional variation in the clinical and virologic efficacy of acyclovir for HSV suppression warrants further evaluation of determinants of r...

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  Disseminated mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in an immunocompetent woman

Disseminated mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in an immunocompetent person is quite rare. A 19-year-old healthy Japanese woman presented with painful, umbilicated vesicles and pustules on her genital region, both nipples and on the forearm 10 days after the last sexual contact with her partner who had cold sore at that time. Tzanck test and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of disseminated mucocutaneous HSV infection. She did not have any visceral HSV disease. Skin lesions improved after treatment with acyclovir and erythromycin for seven days. We propose that like herpes gladiatorum, HSV dissemination in this case was acquired by close body contact. (Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS)

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  Is the drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) due to human herpesvirus 6 infection or to allergy-mediated viral reactivation? Report of a case and literature review

Conclusions: The search for rare causes of fever led to complete resolution of a very difficult case. As DIHS is a rare disease the most relevant issue is to suspect and include it in differential diagnosis of fevers of unknown origin. Once diagnosed, the therapy is easy (steroidal administration) and often successful. However our case strongly confirms that attention should be paid on the steroidal tapering that should be very slow to avoid a relapse. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

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  Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of acyclovir-resistant clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus.

In conclusion, further studies e.g. site-directed mutagenesis experiments are required to characterize mutations of the TK and DNA pol genes in ACV-resistant viral strains as part of viral gene polymorphism or as cause of drug resistance. PMID: 20211650 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antiviral Research)

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  Viral meningoencephalitis: a review of diagnostic methods and guidelines for management

Background: Viral encephalitis is a medical emergency. The prognosis depends mainly on the pathogen and host immunologic state. Correct immediate diagnosis and introduction of symptomatic and specific therapy has a dramatic influence upon survival and reduces the extent of permanent brain injury.Methods: We searched the literature from 1966 to 2009. Recommendations were reached by consensus. Where there was lack of evidence but consensus was clear, we have stated our opinion as good practice points.Recommendations: Diagnosis should be based on medical history and examination followed by CSF analysis for protein and glucose levels, cellular analysis, and identification of the pathogen by polymerase chain reaction amplification (recommendation level A) and serology (level B). Neuroimaging, p...

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  Episodic Acyclovir Therapy as Part of Syndromic Management Among Men Presenting With Genital Ulcer Disease: Is There Benefit?

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11908-010-0089-0Authors Laura Hinkle Bachmann, WG (Bill) Hefner Medical Center Salisbury NC 28144 USA Journal Current Infectious Disease ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-3146Print ISSN 1523-3847 (Source: Current Infectious Disease Reports)

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  Determinants of HIV Type 1 Shedding from Genital Ulcers among Men in South Africa

Conclusions. HIV‐positive men should be screened and treated for GUD to minimize HIV shedding and transmission to uninfected sexual partners. (Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)

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  Prevention of ulcerative lesions by episodic treatment of recurrent herpes labialis: a literature review.

Authors: Harmenberg J, Oberg B, Spruance S There are substantial difficulties involved in carrying out clinical studies of recurrent herpes labialis, since the disease has a rapid onset, short-lasting viral shedding period and is rapidly self-healing. The aim of this paper was to critically assess published reports of episodic treatment of herpes labialis and to review biological and methodological problems involved in such studies. Limited, but statistically significant, results have been shown with topical antivirals, such as acyclovir and penciclovir, improving healing times by approximately 10%. Orally administrated antivirals, such as valaciclovir and famciclovir, have subsequently found clinical use. However, these two oral medications have different profiles in phase 3 studies. ...

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  CT and MRI Findings of Human Herpesvirus 6-Associated Encephalopathy: Comparison With Findings of Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis

CONCLUSION. Serial MRI showed transient abnormal signal intensity in the mesial temporal lobes in patients with HHV-6 encephalopathy but persistent abnormal signal intensity in both the mesial temporal lobes and the extratemporal regions in patients with HSE. CT in the early period showed no abnormality in patients with HHV-6 encephalopathy but definite abnormal findings in patients with HSE. These differences may be useful in the differential diagnosis of the two conditions. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)

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  Ionic liquid-assisted transdermal delivery of sparingly soluble drugs.

We report the first successful application of a novel IL-assisted non-aqueous microemulsion stabilized by a blend of two nontoxic surfactants, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween-80), and sorbitan laurate (Span-20) for transdermal delivery of acyclovir, which is insoluble or sparingly soluble in water and most common organic liquids. PMID: 20162145 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chemical Communications)

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  Study Suggests Aciclovir May Slow HIV-1 Disease Progression in People Coinfected with HIV-1 and HSV-2

“Most people infected with HIV-1 are dually infected with herpes simplex virus type 2. Daily suppression of this herpes virus reduces plasma HIV-1 concentrations, but whether it delays HIV-1 disease progression is unknown. We investigated the effect of aciclovir on HIV-1 progression. … In a trial with 14 sites in southern Africa and east Africa, 3381 heterosexual people who were dually infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 and HIV-1 were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to aciclovir 400 mg orally twice daily or placebo, and were followed up for up to 24 months. Eligible participants had CD4 cell counts of 250 cells per muL or higher and were not taking antiretroviral therapy. … Effect of aciclovir on HIV-1 disease progression was defined by a primary composite endpoint of first o...

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  Medivir partners with Meda to commercialize Xerese(TM) (Lipsovir(R)) in North America

Huddinge, Sweden, 18 February, 2010 - (HSMN NewsFeed) - Medivir (STO: MVIR-B) and Meda (STO: MEDA-A; Nasdaq OMX Nordic Exchange: MEDA-ST) today announced an agreement for the commercialization of Medivir’s cold sore product (formerly Lipsovir(R)), which wi... BiopharmaceuticalsMedivir, Meda , Xerese, acyclovir, hydrocortisone, herpes labialis (Source: HSMN NewsFeed)

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  Research Suggests Herpes Drug May Help Fight HIV

There is new research that suggests that people infected with both HIV and Herpes Simplex type 2 may benefit more than expected from taking the anti-herpes drug Acyclovir. In addition to treating the herpes, studies now provide evidence that the drug also slows the progression of HIV in people living with both viruses. The study, co-authored by Dr. Jairam Lingappa, of the University of Washington, showed a 16% decline in HIV progression in those people taking Acyclovir for their herpes. Experts remind us that HIV specific medications do a far better job of slowing HIV than does Acyclovir but suggested that the anti-herpes medication could be useful in those people who have not progressed so far that they need HIV medication. Related Herpes Information Understanding Genital Herpes A...

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  Daily aciclovir reduces HIV-1 disease progression in people dually infected with HIV-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2

Source: Lancet Area: News In light of the fact that most patients infected with HIV-1 are dually infected with herpes simplex virus type 2, and the daily suppression of this herpes virus reduces plasma HIV-1 concentrations, researchers sought to evaluate whether aciclovir delayes HIV-1 progression. Their research published has been published early online in the Lancet.   The double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involved 3381 patients dually infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 and HIV-1, and who were randomised to receive acyclovir 400mg twice daily or placebo, and were followed up for up to 24 months. Eligible participants had CD4 cell counts of 250 cells per microlitres or higher and were not taking antiretroviral therapy. The effect of aciclovir on HIV-1 disease progres...

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  Successful Treatment of Acyclovir-Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus With Intralesional Cidofovir [The Cutting Edge]

(Source: Archives of Dermatology)

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  Herpes Drug Might Also Slow HIV Progression

But acyclovir is not a replacement for HIV-specific drugs, researchers say Source: HealthDay Related MedlinePlus Topics: AIDS, Herpes Simplex (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

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  Treating Herpes May Slow HIV in Co-Infected Patients

In patients co-infected with HIV-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2, treating the herpes infection with acyclovir likely delays the progression of HIV, according to a study published online Feb. 15 in The Lancet. (Source: Modern Medicine)

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  The FMCA-GM assays, high throughput non-clonogenic alternatives to CFU-GM in preclinical hematotoxicity testing.

Authors: Haglund C, Aleskog A, Håkansson LD, Höglund M, Jacobsson S, Larsson R, Lindhagen E One of the most common dose limiting adverse effects in cancer treatment is myelotoxicity. The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro method for measuring potential myelotoxic properties of a drug candidate in a high throughput setting. Human CD34(+) progenitor cells from umbilical cord blood were plated in 384-well microplates with drugs in liquid culture, supplemented with specific cytokines for the granulocytopoietic-macrophage lineage. After 7 or 14 days of proliferation and differentiation the cells were analyzed using the automated non-clonogenic fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA). Two types of assays setups were evaluated, the FMCA-GM7 where cells were exp...

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  Recurrent vaginal shedding of herpes simplex type 2 virus in the mouse and effects of antiviral therapy.

Authors: Farley N, Bernstein DI, Bravo FJ, Earwood J, Sawtell N, Cardin RD A mouse model of recurrent herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) would improve our understanding of the immunobiology of recurrent disease and provide a useful model for evaluating antiviral treatments. We developed a model to evaluate recurrent vaginal HSV-2 shedding using high dose Acyclovir (ACV) therapy begun at 3 days post infection (dpi). Treatment with 150mg/kg of ACV for 10 days increased survival to 80% following vaginal challenge with HSV-2 strain 186 and to 100% after challenge with strain MS. We then evaluated recurrent vaginal HSV-2 shedding in surviving mice. Although infectious virus was not detected in vaginal samples after 21 dpi, viral DNA was detectable by PCR in 80% of mice (47/59) on at least one da...

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  Acyclovir Ineffective in Serodiscordant Couples

Major Finding: A daily regimen of 800 mg acyclovir did not prevent HIV-1 infection in serodiscordant couples. (Source: Internal Medicine News)

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  Treating Herpes Does Not Reduce HIV Transmission, Study Finds

Treating herpes in HIV-positive patients does not lower the risk that they will transmit HIV to their partners, despite the fact that herpes treatment has been shown to lower the level of HIV in the blood, according to a study published last week in the New England Journal of Medicine, the New York Times reports. Scientists are unsure why the herpes drug acyclovir lowers the level of HIV in the blood... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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  Fatal herpetic encephalitis during brain radiotherapy in a cerebral metastasized breast cancer patient

We present the case of a 55-year-old female who developed HSE type 1 during brain irradiation and antioedematous dexamethasone treatment for leptomeningeal metastasized breast tumor with epileptic seizures. During the radiotherapy (RT), after a total of 32 Gray administrated in 16 fractions, our patient developed cognitive impairment and partial epileptic status without fever. Two days later the patient’s clinical conditions had deteriorated and high fever manifested. A diagnosis of HSE type 1 was made by a positive cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction. Antiviral therapy with high doses of acyclovir was practiced for four weeks but the comatose state persisted. The patient died 59 days after the last RT fraction. The temporal relationship of RT to the occurrence ...

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  Global Update: H.I.V. and Herpes: Treating Herpes Doesn’t Reduce Chance That AIDS Virus Will Spread, Study Finds

The herpes drug acyclovir lowered H.I.V. levels in the blood but did not make a person less likely to spread the AIDS virus, researchers said. (Source: NYT > Health)

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  Efficacy of Continuous Acyclovir Infusion in Neonatal Herpes Virus Encephalitis

This report demonstrates the efficacy of continuous acyclovir infusion in neonatal herpes simplex virus encephalitis.[...]© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkGet connected:Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text (Source: Neuropediatrics)

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  Acyclovir and Transmission of HIV-1 from Persons Infected with HIV-1 and HSV-2

Suppressive therapy for herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) has also been shown to reduce the levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). However, in this placebo-controlled trial involving 3408 African couples who were discordant in serologic status for these two viruses, daily treatment with acyclovir did not reduce the frequency of HIV-1 transmission, despite a reduction in HIV-1 RNA levels and a 73% reduction in the occurrence of HSV-2-positive genital ulcers. (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)

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  New Agent Effective in Preventing Cold Sores

SAN FRANCISCO — A newly approved cream containing 5% acyclovir and 1% hydrocortisone prevented ulcerated lesions in patients with recurrent herpes simplex labialis, compared with both topical acyclovir and placebo, a large multicenter study showed. (Source: Internal Medicine News)

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  Antiviral activity of Musa acuminata Colla, Musaceae

This study evaluates the antiviral activity of extracts and fractions of Musa acuminata Colla collected in two regions of Rio de Janeiro State (Petrópolis and Santo Antônio de Pádua). The inflorescences of M. acuminata showed excellent activity for the two virus evaluated: simple human herpesvirus type 1 and simple human herpesvirus type 2, both resistant to Acyclovir. The results indicate that the tested extracts of M. acuminata can be potential target for use in antiviral therapy. (Source: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia)

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  [Acute renal failure following a treatment with acyclovir.]

Authors: Obada EN, Level G, Mathieu P, Parent X, Gilson B, Bindi P The antiviral molecule acyclovir can be responsible of severe renal dysfunction. Intratubular crystal precipitation of the drug may represent a major pathogenetic mechanism. OBSERVATION: A 30-year old, immunocompetent woman was admitted in the neurology unit for a viral meningo-encephalitic syndrome. Intravenous acyclovir was delivered at the dose of 45mg/kg per day. Despite a neurological improvement, she developed an acute renal insufficiency with the serum creatinine increasing from 63 to 385mumol/L within 12 days. The urine study revealed great amounts of birefringent crystals which were typical of acyclovir derived crystals according to the spectrophotometric examination. Withdrawal of acyclovir treatment in combin...

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  Control Of Herpes Symptoms Does Not Reduce HIV Transmission, International Study Found

Research from a five-year international clinical study shows that acyclovir, a commonly prescribed drug used to suppress symptoms of the herpes virus, does not affect HIV transmission by people with both viruses. The study, conducted by the Partners in Prevention HSV/HIV Transmission Study, was released by the New England Journal of Medicine in its online edition Jan. 20 and will follow in the print edition Feb. 4. The largest risk group worldwide, but particularly in Africa and Asia, for contracting HIV is stable, heterosexual couples where only one partner is infected... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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  Control Of Herpes Symptoms Does Not Reduce HIV Transmission, International Study Found

Research from a five-year international clinical study shows that acyclovir, a commonly prescribed drug used to suppress symptoms of the herpes virus, does not affect HIV transmission by people with both viruses. The study, conducted by the Partners in Prevention HSV/HIV Transmission Study, was released by the New England Journal of Medicine in its online edition Jan... (Source: HIV / AIDS News From Medical News Today)

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  Herpes medication does not reduce risk of HIV transmission, study finds

A five-year international multi-center clinical trial has found that acyclovir, a drug widely used as a safe and effective treatment to suppress herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), the most common cause of genital herpes, does not reduce the risk of HIV transmission when taken by people infected with both HIV and HSV-2. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)

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  Control of herpes symptoms does not reduce HIV transmission, international study found

(Indiana University School of Medicine) Research from a five-year international clinical study conducted by the Partners in Prevention HSV/HIV Transmission Study, shows that acyclovir, a commonly prescribed drug used to suppress symptoms of the herpes virus, does not affect HIV transmission by people with both viruses. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

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  UW-Led International Study Finds Herpes Medication Does Not Reduce Risk Of HIV Transmission

A five-year international multi-center clinical trial has found that acyclovir, a drug widely used as a safe and effective treatment taken twice daily to suppress herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), which is the most common cause of genital herpes, does not reduce the risk of HIV transmission when taken by people infected with both HIV and HSV-2. The results of the study are published in the New England Journal of Medicine online, and will appear in the Feb. 4, 2010 issue of the publication. Up to 90% of people with HIV infection also have HSV-2 infection... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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  UW-Led International Study Finds Herpes Medication Does Not Reduce Risk Of HIV Transmission

A five-year international multi-center clinical trial has found that acyclovir, a drug widely used as a safe and effective treatment taken twice daily to suppress herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), which is the most common cause of genital herpes, does not reduce the risk of HIV transmission when taken by people infected with both HIV and HSV-2... (Source: HIV / AIDS News From Medical News Today)

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  Herpes medication does not reduce risk of HIV transmission

A five-year international multi-center clinical trial has observed that acyclovir, a drug widely used as a safe and effective therapy taken twice daily to suppress herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), which is the most common cause of genital herpes, does not reduce the risk of HIV transmission when taken by people infected with both HIV and HSV-2. The results of the study are reported in the New England Journal (NEJM) online today, and will appear in the Feb. 4, 2010 issue of the publication........ (Source: Medicineworld.org: New Article Alert)

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  Daily Acyclovir Therapy May Not Reduce Risk for HIV-1 Transmission

A study shows that daily acyclovir therapy is not associated with a lower risk for transmission of HIV-1, despite reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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  Herpes medication does not reduce risk of HIV transmission, UW-led international study finds

A five-year international multi-center clinical trial has found that acyclovir, a drug widely used as a safe and effective treatment taken twice daily to suppress herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), which is the most common cause of genital herpes, does not reduce the risk of HIV transmission when taken by people infected with both HIV and HSV-2. The results of the study are published in the New England Journal of Medicine online today, and will appear in the Feb. 4, 2010 issue of the publication. (Source: uwnews.org | Health and Medicine)

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  Herpes medication does not reduce risk of HIV transmission, UW-led international study finds

(University of Washington - Health Sciences/UW News, Community Relations & Marketing) A five-year international multi-center clinical trial has found that acyclovir, a drug widely used as a safe and effective treatment to suppress herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), the most common cause of genital herpes, does not reduce the risk of HIV transmission when taken by people infected with both HIV and HSV-2. The results are published in the New England Journal of Medicine online today, and will appear in the journal's Feb. 4, 2010 issue. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

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  Acyclovir for Herpes Not Found to Reduce HIV Transmission

The use of acyclovir to suppress herpes simplex 2 infection does not appear to reduce the risk of transmission of HIV-1 from infected individuals to uninfected heterosexual partners, according to research published online Jan. 20 in the New England Journal of Medicine. (Source: Modern Medicine)

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  Acyclovir and Transmission of HIV-1 from Persons Infected with HIV-1 and HSV-2

Background Most persons who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are also infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), which is frequently reactivated and is associated ... (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)

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  A New Class of Dual‐Targeted Antivirals: Monophosphorylated Acyclovir Prodrug Derivatives Suppress Both Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2

Conclusions. Acyclovir ProTides represent a new class of antivirals that suppress both HIV‐1 and HSV‐2 by directly and independently blocking the key replicative enzymes of both viruses. Further optimization of such compounds may lead to double‐targeted antivirals that can prevent viral transmission and treat the 2 synergistic diseases caused by HIV‐1 and HSV‐2. To our knowledge, the acyclovir ProTides described here represent the first example of acyclic nucleoside monophosphate prodrugs being active against HIV‐1. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)

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  Myopericarditis Associated with Varicella Zoster Virus Infection

We report a case of varicella myopericarditis with an initial manifestation of chest pain, tachycardia, and hypotension. Typical skin vesicles developed 2 days after these symptoms, which confirmed the diagnosis. Intravenous immunoglobulin was administered before the appearance of the skin vesicles under the impression of suspected Coxsackie virus infection. Intravenous acyclovir effectively controlled the progression of the disease, and both clinical symptoms and electrocardiographic changes subsided soon after the use of an antiviral agent. Varicella zoster virus serum IgM antibody also showed positive test results. On the following visit, the patient’s myocardial function had fully recovered from this episode. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s...

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  Wild Type p53 Gene Sensitizes Rat C6 Glioma Cells to HSV-TK/ACV Treatment In Vitro and In Vivo.

Authors: Huang Q, Xia Z, You Y, Pu P Suicide gene therapy using herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (HSV-TK)/ganciclovir (GCV), has been extensively tested for the treatment of glioma. Our previous study showed that exogenous wild type p53 (wt-p53) enhanced the anti-tumor effect of HSV-TK/GCV therapy. However, the use of GCV is hindered by its low penetration to the brain and its toxity when used at higher dose. In the present study, we used another pro-drug, acyclovir (ACV), and examined the therapeutic efficacy of HSV-TK/ACV combining with wt-p53 in C6 glioma cells. We observed that wt-p53 combined with HSV-TK/ACV resulted in the super-additive anti-tumor effect in vitro. Exogenous wt-p53 significantly enhanced the sensitivity of TK positive C6 cells to ACV in vitro. Our in vivo ex...

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  Post-transplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder in the Renal Transplant Ureter

Dr. MKS: A 68-year-old Caucasian woman with a history of end-stage renal disease secondary to diabetic nephropathy underwent cadaveric renal transplantation in December 2008, using a standard criteria donor. The donor tested positive for cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV), and the recipient was negative for both. A stented Lich-Gregoir extravesical ureteroneocystostomy was used for ureteral reimplantation. Her immediate postoperative course was unremarkable. She received basiliximab induction and was maintained on an immunosuppressive regimen of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids. The serum creatinine nadir was 1.2 mg/dL. She received 3 months of prophylaxis for CMV with acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily. Valacyclovir would have been the preferred antiviral medica...

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  Effective organics degradation from pharmaceutical wastewater by an integrated process including membrane bioreactor and ozonation.

Authors: Mascolo G, Laera G, Pollice A, Cassano D, Pinto A, Salerno C, Lopez A The enhanced removal of organic compounds from a pharmaceutical wastewater resulting from the production of an anti-viral drug (acyclovir) was obtained by employing a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and an ozonation system. An integrated MBR-ozonation system was set-up by placing the ozonation reactor in the recirculation stream of the MBR effluent. A conventional treatment set-up (ozonation as polishing step after MBR) was also used as a reference. The biological treatment alone reached an average COD removal of 99%, which remained unvaried when the ozonation step was introduced. An acyclovir removal of 99% was also obtained with the MBR step and the ozonation allowed to further remove 99% of the residual concent...

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  [Peripheral Facial Palsy Accompanied by a Vesicular Rash on the ear and Hard Palate.]

We report on a 14-year-old boy who had RHS accompanied by meningitis. Polymerase chain reaction identified VZV in exudates from the geniculate zone of the ear, the hard palate and in the CSF. PMID: 20052641 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Praxis)

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  HSV Suppression Discredited for HIV Prevention

SAN FRANCISCO — The use of acyclovir to suppress herpes simplex virus or to prevent herpes transmission failed to reduce transmission of HIV in several recent international studies. (Source: Internal Medicine News)

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  Herpetic geometric glossitis: Acyclovir resistant case in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia.

Authors: Pereira CM, Souza CA, Correa ME Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections in an immunocompromised host may be atypical in location and morphology. Lesions are more extensive and aggressive, slow healing or nonhealing and extremely painful. Intraoral lesions are ulcerative and may involve any intraoral, oropharyngeal, or esophageal site. Herpetic geometric glossitis is a recently described form of lingual HSV infection in an immunocompromised patient. It was described as ulcer on the dorsum of the tongue sensitive for acyclovir therapy. A patient is presented with acute myelogenous leukemia that developed herpetic geometric glossitis which was acyclovir resistant. PMID: 20090244 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology)

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  [Amphiphilic cyclodextrins and their applications. Preparation of nanoparticles based on amphiphilic cyclodextrins for biomedical applications.]

Authors: Parrot-Lopez H, Perret F, Bertino-Ghera B Solubilization of hydrophobic drugs at the molecular level as inclusion complexes inside cyclodextrins (CDs) offers a good alternative for improving their stability, solubility and bioavailability, and for preventing against their possible toxicity or controlling secondary effects. Therefore CDs are widely used as solubilizing excipients. However since dissociation takes place too readily upon dilution, inclusion complexes inside simple water-soluble CD appears ineffective for drug delivery applications. Chemical modifications of CDs allow them to self-organize as larger assemblies useful for resolving this lability issue. Depending on the position, the number and the nature of these groups, amphiphilic CDs can form assemblies such as ...

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  Pharmacokinetics of Acyclovir and its Metabolites in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Systemic Circulation after High-Dose Valacyclovir in Subjects with Normal and Impaired Renal Function.

Authors: Smith JP, Weller S, Johnson B, Nicotera J, Luther JM, Haas DW Valacyclovir, the L-valyl ester prodrug of acyclovir, is widely prescribed to treat infections caused by varicella zoster virus or herpes simplex virus. Rarely, treatment is complicated by reversible neuropsychiatric symptoms. By mechanisms not fully understood, this occurs more frequently in the setting of renal impairment. We characterized the steady-state pharmacokinetics of acyclovir (ACV) and its metabolites, 9-[carboxymethoxy)methyl]guanine (CMMG) and 8-hydroxy-acyclovir (8-OH-ACV), in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and systemic circulation. We administered multiple doses of high-dose valacyclovir to 6 subjects with normal renal function and 3 subjects with chronic renal impairment (CrCl approximately 15-30 mL/min)...

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  Coin-shaped epithelial lesions following an acute attack of erythema multiforme minor with confocal microscopy findings

We report an interesting ocular finding of bilateral multiple coin-shaped epithelial lesions along with the confocal microscopy findings in a patient following an acute attack of erythema multiforme (EM) minor. A 30-year-old male presented with a history of watering and irritation in both eyes of three days duration. He was diagnosed to have EM minor and was on oral acyclovir. Slit-lamp examination revealed multiple coin-shaped epithelial lesions. Confocal microscopy showed a corresponding conglomerate of hyper-reflective epithelial lesions. The corneal lesions resolved over six weeks with oral steroids and acyclovir. An immunological mechanism is suspected. (Source: Indian Journal of Ophthalmology)

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  Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Extemporaneously Compounded Valacyclovir Oral Suspension in Pediatric Patients from 1 Month through 11 Years of Age

Conclusions. Among children 3 months through 11 years of age, the 20 mg/kg dose of this formulation of valacyclovir oral suspension produces favorable acyclovir blood concentrations and is well tolerated. A dosing recommendation cannot be made for infants (Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)

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  BioAlliance Pharma : Entry Into Clinical Phase: Clonidine Lauriad(R) Into Phase II And AMEPTM Into Phase I

BioAlliance Pharma SA (Paris:BIO), a company dedicated to the treatment and supportive care of cancer and AIDS patients, announces the approval from the French Drug Agency (AFFSSaPS) to enter Phase II clinical trial for clonidine Lauriad® in radiotherapy and chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis and the approval from Danish and Slovene Agencies to enter Phase I clinical trial for AMEPTM in invasive melanoma. Clonidine Lauriad® uses the innovative muco-adhesive technology validated with Loramyc® and more recently with acyclovir Lauriad®... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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  BioAlliance Pharma: Breakthrough Positive Phase III Results With Acyclovir Lauriad(R) Primary And Secondary Endpoints Met - Final Results

BioAlliance Pharma SA (Paris:BIO), a company dedicated to the treatment and supportive care of cancer and AIDS patients, announces final positive results of its pivotal phase III clinical study in immunocompetent patients with recurrent herpes labialis (LIP Study) treated with acyclovir Lauriad®. Primary and secondary endpoints have been met with marked efficacy and good tolerance... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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  BioAlliance Pharma: Breakthrough Positive Phase III Results With Acyclovir Lauriad(R) Primary And Secondary Endpoints Met - Final Results

BioAlliance Pharma SA (Paris:BIO), a company dedicated to the treatment and supportive care of cancer and AIDS patients, announces final positive results of its pivotal phase III clinical study in immunocompetent patients with recurrent herpes labialis (LIP Study) treated with acyclovir Lauriad®. Primary and secondary endpoints have been met with marked efficacy and good tolerance... (Source: Dermatology News From Medical News Today)

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  BioAlliance Pharma: Breakthrough Positive Phase III Results With Acyclovir Lauriad(R) Primary And Secondary Endpoints Met - Final Results

BioAlliance Pharma SA (Paris:BIO), a company dedicated to the treatment and supportive care of cancer and AIDS patients, announces final positive results of its pivotal phase III clinical study in immunocompetent patients with recurrent herpes labialis (LIP Study) treated with acyclovir Lauriad®. Primary and secondary endpoints have been met with marked efficacy and good tolerance... (Source: Dermatology News From Medical News Today)

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  Topical Cyclosporin as an Adjunct to Topical Acyclovir Treatment in Herpetic Stromal Keratitis

Ophthalmic Res 1997;29:405-408 (DOI:10.1159/000268041) (Source: Ophthalmic Research)

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  BioAlliance Pharma: Breakthrough positive phase III results with acyclovir Lauriad Primary and secondary endpoints met ? Final results

PARIS--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Dec 10, 2009 - Regulatory News: BioAlliance Pharma SA (Paris:BIO), a company dedicated to the treatment and supportive care of cancer and AIDS patients, today announces final positive results of its pivotal phase III... (Source: Drugs.com - Clinical Trials)

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  ZOVIRAX (Acyclovir) Capsule ZOVIRAX (Acyclovir) Tablet ZOVIRAX (Acyclovir) Suspension [GlaxoSmithKline LLC]

Updated Date: Dec 3, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  Preparation of Intravenous Stealthy Acyclovir Nanoparticles with Increased Mean Residence Time.

Authors: Kamel AO, Awad GA, Geneidi AS, Mortada ND A major cause of thromboplebitis, during acyclovir (ACV) parenteral administration is the high pH of its reconstituted solution (pH 11). Its plasma half life is 2.5 h, requiring repeated administration which may result in excess of drug solubility leading to possible renal damage and acute renal failure. The present study reports the efficiency of stealthy ACV nanoparticles (NPs) to increase the mean residence time of the drug 29 times. It caused a marked decrease in thrombophlebitis when injected into rabbit's ear vein. The polymers used were (Poly lactic acid, polylactic-co-glycolic (PLGA) 85/15, PLGA 75/25, PLGA 50/50). Particles were evaluated for their encapsulation efficiency, morphology, particle size and size distribution, zeta...

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  Characterization of a thymidine kinase-deficient mutant of equine herpesvirus 4 and in vitro susceptibility of the virus to antiviral agents.

Authors: Azab W, Tsujimura K, Kato K, Arii J, Morimoto T, Kawaguchi Y, Tohya Y, Matsumura T, Akashi H Equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) is an important equine pathogen that causes respiratory tract disease among horses worldwide. A thymidine kinase (TK)-deletion mutant has been generated by using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) technology to investigate the role of TK in pathogenesis. Deletion of TK had virtually no effect on the growth characteristics of WA79DeltaTK in cell culture when compared to the parent virus. Also, virus titers and plaque formation were unaffected in the absence of the TK gene. The sensitivity of EHV-4 to inhibition by acyclovir (ACV) and ganciclovir (GCV) was studied by means of a plaque reduction assay. GCV proved to be more potent and showed a superior anti...

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  Thymidine Analogue Resistance Suppression by V75I of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase: EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTING VALINE 75 ON STAVUDINE EXCISION AND DISCRIMINATION [Enzyme Catalysis and Regulation]

Val75 of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) plays a role in positioning the template nucleotide +1 during the formation of the ternary complex. Mutations, such as V75M and V75A, emerge in patients infected with HIV-1 group M subtype B and group O variants, after failing treatment with stavudine (d4T) and other nucleoside RT inhibitors. V75I is an accessory mutation of the Q151M multidrug resistance complex of HIV-1 RT and is rarely associated with thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs). In vitro, it confers resistance to acyclovir. TAMs confer resistance to zidovudine (AZT) and d4T by increasing the rate of ATP-mediated excision of the terminal nucleotide monophosphate (primer unblocking). In a wild-type HIV-1 group O RT sequence context, V75A and V75M conferred increased excision ac...

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  Newer trends in the management of genital herpes

Nath Amiya Kumar, Thappa Devinder MohanIndian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2009 75(6):566-574Management of genital herpes is complex. Apart from using the standard antivirals, an ideal management protocol also needs to address various aspects of the disease, including the psychological morbidity. Oral acyclovir, valacyclovir or famciclovir are recommended for routine use. Long-term suppressive therapy is effective in reducing the number of recurrences and the risk of transmission to others. Severe or disseminated disease may require intravenous therapy. Resistant cases are managed with foscarnet or cidofovir. Genital herpes in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals usually needs a longer duration of antiviral therapy along with continuation of highly active...

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  2010 ASN Abstracts

Conclusion: VBD can enlarge to significant dimensions, producing compressive symptoms in the brainstem, as well as thrombosis and ischemic strokes. SACE of the dolichoectasia can be effective for the vessel reconstruction, to prevent progression of the dilatation, and other potential clinical events. 3. Three Case Reports of Multiple Carotid and/or Vertebral Artery Dissections in Female Mei Lu, Heather Gornik, Esteban Cheng Ching, Vikram Kashyap, Rishi Gupta Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States Introduction: Multiple carotid and/or vertebral artery dissections are rare. However, patients with multiple dissections can suffer from severe stroke, leading to significant mobility and mortality. The etiology underlying the bilateral carotid dissection is not clear. The...

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  Long-term Outcomes of Keratolimbal Allograft for Total Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency Using Combined Immunosuppressive Agents and Correction of Ocular Surface Deficits [Clinical Sciences]

Conclusion  Correction of ocular surface deficits combined with an immunosuppressive regimen further improves the long-term outcome of KLAL in eyes with total limbal stem cell deficiency. (Source: Archives of Opthalmology)

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  Valacyclovir Pharmacokinetics and Exploratory Pharmacodynamics in Young Adults With Epstein-Barr Virus Infectious Mononucleosis.

The objectives of this study are to characterize the pharmacokinetics and explore the pharmacodynamics of acyclovir in plasma and oral washings of 8 subjects receiving 7 days of valacyclovir 1500 mg twice daily for EBV infectious mononucleosis. Virologic and clinical responses are assessed over 12 days. Acyclovir is measured by liquid chromatography/ultraviolet detection. EBV DNA is quantitated by TaqMan polymerase chain reaction. NONMEM VI and linear regression are used for data analysis. Acyclovir profiles in plasma and oral washings are consistent with a 1-compartment model. Final model estimates of clearance, volume of distribution, and fraction of acyclovir in oral wash supernatant are 49.9 L/h, 74.1 L, and 1.14%, respectively. The quantity of EBV DNA in oral washings and blood, and t...

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  New Cream May Prevent Cold Sore Recurrence

San Francisco — A newly approved cream containing 5% acyclovir and 1% hydrocortisone prevented ulcerated lesions in patients with recurrent herpes simplex labialis, compared with both topical acyclovir and placebo, a large multicenter study showed. (Source: Skin and Allergy News)

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  Pneumonia Due to Varicella-Zoster Virus Reinfection in a Renal Transplant Recipient

In conclusion, this report documents VZV reinfection in a transplant patient. (Source: Transplantation Proceedings)

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  Cytomegalovirus retinitis associated with Good's syndrome.

Conclusions. CMV retinitis can be associated with Good’s syndrome. PMID: 19882506 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Ophthalmology)

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  Inhibition of B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) by Conventional and Experimental Antiviral Compounds.

Authors: Krug PW, Schinazi RF, Hilliard JK B virus infection of humans results in high morbidity and mortality in up to 80% of identified cases. The main objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of conventional and experimental antiviral drug susceptibilities of B virus isolates from multiple macaque species and zoonotically infected humans. We used a plaque reduction assay to establish the effective inhibitory doses of acyclovir, ganciclovir, and vidarabine, as well as a group of experimental nucleoside analogs with known anti-herpes simplex virus activity. Four of the tested experimental drugs were 10 to 100-fold more potent inhibitors of B virus replication than conventional antiviral agents. Drug efficacy was similar for multiple B virus isolates tested with va...

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  ZOVIRAX (Acyclovir) Cream [BTA PHARMACEUTICALS INC]

Updated Date: Oct 22, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  ZOVIRAX (Acyclovir) Ointment [BTA PHARMACEUTICALS INC]

Updated Date: Oct 22, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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  In Search Of A Selective Therapy Of Viral Infections.

This article is meant as an introductory chapter to the special issue of Antiviral Research on "Twenty-five years of antiretroviral drug development: progress and prospects", commemorating the first description of azidothymidine (AZT) as an antiretroviral agent. This has prompted me to highlight some of the hallmarks that played an important role in my own search of a selective therapy of viral infections: i.e., the induction of interferon by double-stranded RNA [such as poly(I).poly(C)], allowing the cloning and expression of beta-interferon; the discovery of the reverse transcriptase (RT) (and HIV as a retrovirus depending for its replication on RT), allowing the identification and development of a wide variety of RT inhibitors, nowadays used for the treatment of AIDS; the specificity of...

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  [Acute retinal necrosis : Clinical features and therapy options.]

Authors: Hillenkamp J, Nölle B, Rautenberg P, Fickenscher H, Roider J Varicella zoster virus is the most frequent cause of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) followed by herpes simplex virus. Retinal ischemia and optic nerve atrophy are the main causes of the frequently poor final visual outcome in severe cases of ARN. The clinical diagnosis of ARN should be made as early as possible. Acyclovir should be administered intravenously due to its unreliable oral bioavailability. Systemic corticosteroids should be applied to suppress tissue damage caused by the host's inflammatory response. Severe cases of ARN should be treated by early vitrectomy with diagnostic vitreous biopsy, intravitreal aciclovir lavage, intraoperative laser retinopexy and silicone oil tamponade. The role of prophylacti...

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  Obstructive endo-bronchial pseudotumour due to herpes simplex type 2 infection in an HIV-infected man

We report a 31-year-old man with an obstructive bronchial lesion due to herpes simplex type 2 infection, who responded promptly to endoscopic resection and oral treatment with acyclovir. Exophytic lesions of the respiratory tract are rare, potentially life-threatening, but readily treated complication of herpes simplex virus infection in HIV-infected individuals. (Source: International Journal of STD and AIDS)

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  A 9 year follow up of post herpetic neuralgia and predisposing factors in elderly patients following herpes zoster

Conclusion: Long term pain in the elderly following zoster is associated with identifiable characteristics during the acute illness. (Source: Journal of Infection)

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  Antiviral prophylaxis in haematological patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Conclusions: Antiviral prophylaxis reduced mortality with a small NNT in the post-engraftment setting of allogeneic HSCT. In the pre-engraftment phase and during chemotherapy only viral-related morbidity was reduced. (Source: European Journal of Cancer)

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  Simultaneous herpes simplex virus esophagitis and lupus enteritis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract  A 52-year-old woman with a 6-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed acute abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea accompanied by hypocomplementemia. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) esophagitis and lupus enteritis were diagnosed on the basis of the results of endoscopic and histological examinations and abdominal computed tomography (CT) findings. Treatment with acyclovir followed by high-dose intravenous steroids improved her symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first case of simultaneous HSV esophagitis and lupus enteritis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s10165-009-0237-2Authors Hideki Wakui, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology 1-1-1 Hondo Ak...

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  Acyclovir Susceptibility and Genetic Characteristics of Sequential Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Corneal Isolates from Patients with Recurrent Herpetic Keratitis

Conclusions. Corneal HSV‐1 isolates are mixtures of acyclovir‐sensitive and acyclovir‐resistant viruses that share the same genotype but have different TK sequences. Recovery of the same acyclovir‐resistant virus during consecutive herpetic keratitis episodes suggests that acyclovir‐resistant HSV‐1 establishes latency and reactivates intermittently to cause acyclovir‐refractory RHK. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)

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  Fulminant Hepatic Failure due to Varicella Zoster in a Heart Transplant Patient: Successful Liver Transplant

Fulminant hepatic failure is a rare complication of infection by varicella zoster virus that is favored by immunosuppression. Within 1 week, a 43-year-old male heart transplant recipient who was admitted with epigastric pain successively developed a generalized vesicular rash, hepatitis, and secondary multiorganic failure involving encephalopathy, despite treatment with acyclovir (since Day 2) and varicella zoster virus immunoglobulin (since Day 6). Emergency liver transplantation was performed on Day 9, and 36 months later, his heart and liver function are normal. (Source: The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation)

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  Inhibition of Herpesvirus Replication by 5-substituted-4'-thio Pyrimidine Nucleosides.

We reported previously that one analog, 5-iodo-4'-thio-2'-deoxyuridine (4'-thioIDU), exhibited good antiviral activity both in vitro and in vivo against two orthopoxviruses. This compound also has good activity in cell culture against many of the herpesviruses. It inhibited the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), and varicella-zoster virus with EC50 values of 0.4 microM, 0.5 microM, and 2 microM, respectively. It also inhibited the replication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) with an EC50 of 5.9 microM, but did not selectively inhibit Epstein-Barr virus, human herpes virus type 6, or human herpesvirus type 8. While acyclovir-resistant strains of HSV-1 and -2 were comparatively resistant to 4'-thioIDU, it retained modest activity against these strains (4-12 ...

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  Engineering of a Chimeric RB69 DNA Polymerase Sensitive to Drugs Targeting the Cytomegalovirus Enzyme [Enzyme Catalysis and Regulation]

Detailed structural and biochemical studies with the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV UL54) DNA polymerase are hampered by difficulties to obtain this enzyme in large quantities. The crystal structure of the related RB69 DNA polymerase (gp43) is often used as a model system to explain mechanisms of inhibition of DNA synthesis and drug resistance. However, here we demonstrate that gp43 is ~400-fold less sensitive to the pyrophosphate analog foscarnet, when compared with UL54. The RB69 enzyme is also able to discriminate against the nucleotide analog inhibitor acyclovir. In contrast, the HCMV polymerase is able to incorporate this compound with similar efficiency as observed with its natural counterpart. In an attempt to identify major determinants for drug activity, we replaced critical regions ...

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  Development of Herpes Simplex Virus Stomatitis during Receipt of Cidofovir Therapy

We report 3 children who, after undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant, developed herpes simplex virus (HSV) stomatitis while receiving weekly cidofovir as preemptive treatment for cytomegalovirus infection. All patients responded well to treatment with either acyclovir or ganciclovir. Despite the in vitro susceptibility of HSV to cidofovir, once‐weekly treatment with this agent may not be adequate prophylaxis in pediatric patients. (Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)

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  Facial herpes zoster infection precipitated by surgical manipulation of the trigeminal nerve during exploration of the posterior fossa: a case report

Conclusions: Postoperative shingles precipitated by trigeminal nerve manipulation during surgery for trigeminal neuralgia can be a distressing and demoralizing experience for the patient. A careful preoperative history, early recognition, and prompt antiviral therapy is necessary. (Source: Journal of Medical Case Reports)

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  Cochrane review: Acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

The objective of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of systemic acyclovir for primary herpetic gingivostomatitis.We searched the following databases: Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (to 22 May 2008); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue 2); MEDLINE (1950 to 22 May 2008); and EMBASE (1980 to 22 May 2008). There were no language restrictions.Randomised controlled trials comparing acyclovir to placebo in children and young adults < 25 years of age with a diagnosis of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis with or without herpes labialis were considered.Two review authors independently and in duplicate screened and extracted information from, and assessed the risk of bias in the included clinical trials. The Cochrane...

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  Summary of 'Acylovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis', including tables of key findings and quality of included trials

This is a summary, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials, of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Nasser M, Fedorowicz Z, Khoshnevisan MH, Shahiri Tabarestani M. Acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006700. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD006700.pub2.Further information for this is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying . Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration (Source: Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal)

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  Two commentaries on 'Acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis'

These are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Nasser M, Fedorowicz Z, Khoshnevisan MH, Shahiri Tabarestani M. Acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 4. Art No.: CD006700. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD006700.pub2.Further information for this is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying article. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration (Source: Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal)

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  Preparation and Evaluation of Gastroretentive Floating Tablets of Acyclovir.

Authors: Garg R, Gupta GD The present study performed by preparation and evaluation of floating tablets of Acyclovir as model drug for prolongation of gastric residence time. Floating effervescent tablets were formulated by various materials like hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K 4M, K 15M, psyllium husk, swelling agent as crospovidone and microcrystalline cellulose and gas generating agent like sodium bicarbonate and citric acid and evaluated for floating properties, swelling characteristics and in vitro drug release studies. Floating noneffervescent tablets were prepared by polypropylene foam powder and different matrix forming polymers like HPMC K 4M, Carbopol 934P, xanthan gum and sodium alginate. In vitro drug release studies were performed and drug release kinetics evaluated using ...

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  Structural basis for the specificity of thymidylate kinases from human pathogens: implications for nucleotide analogues activation

Several human pathogens possess nucleoside or nucleotide kinases with large substrate specificity compared to their human counterparts. This phenomenon has been successfully exploited for the specific targeting of prodrugs such as Acyclovir against herpes virus. Combined structural and biochemical studies of these enzymes can thus provide essential information for the rational design of specific antimicrobial agents. Here we studied the structural basis for the specificity of a thymidylate kinase from the poxvirus family. Poxvirus thymidylate kinase has unusual substrate specificity and can accept bulky analogues such as 5-bromo-vinyl-dUMP (BVdUMP). The 2 Å crystal structure of the thymidylate kinase bound to this compound now gives the structural basis for its specific molecular rec...

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  Herpes Simplex Esophagitis in Immunocompetent Host: A Case Report

Conclusions. HSE should be suspected in case of esophagitis without evident cause, even if the patient is immunocompetent. When the diagnosis of HSE is confirmed, careful history and assessment for an immune disorder such as HIV infection is crucial, to look for underlying immune deficiency. (Source: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy)

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  Assay and stability-indicating micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of valacyclovir, acyclovir and their major impurity guanine in pharmaceutical formulations.

Authors: Al Azzam KM, Saad B, Makahleah A, Aboul-Enein HY, Elbashir AA A micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method for the simultaneous determination of the antiviral drugs acyclovir and valacyclovir and their major impurity, guanine, was developed. The influences of several factors (surfactant and buffer concentration, pH, applied voltage, capillary temperature and injection time) were studied. Using tyramine hydrochloride as internal standard, the analytes were all separated in about 4 min. The separation was carried out in reversed polarity mode at 28 degrees C, 25 kV and using hydrodynamic injection (15 s). The separation was effected in a fused-silica capillary 100 mum x 56 cm and a background electrolyte of 20 mM citric acid-1 M Tris solution (pH 2.75), containing 125 ...

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  In vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant and antiviral effects of Pterocaulon alopecuroides and Bidens segetum extracts

Pterocaulon alopecuroides (Lamark) De Candolle and Bidens segetum Mart. ex Colla are two species belonging to the Asteraceae family. Extracts from those two species were evaluated to their cytotoxic, antioxidant and antiviral activities. All the extracts assayed have shown a very high cytotoxity against RBL-2H3 cell line. The antioxidant assay pointed out a really high activity of the ethyl acetate extracts for B. segetum and P. alopecuroides. This can be partially explained due to the high content of coumarins, at least for P. alopecuroides. None of the total ethanol extracts from B. segetum showed significant activity against the two strains of Herpes simplex virus (Types 1 and 2 resistant to acyclovir). P. alopecuroides ethanol extract was also inactive against the Herpes simplex virus ...

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  Measurement and predictors of adherence in a trial of HSV suppressive therapy in Tanzania

This study estimates adherence and identifies predictors of good adherence among 1305 Tanzanian women participating in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of HSV suppressive therapy to reduce HIV incidence or genital HIV shedding. Women were randomised to acyclovir 400mg BD or placebo and followed every three months for 12–30months. Adherence was assessed by tablet counts. Random urine samples, collected between 6 and 24months, were tested for acyclovir. At 12, 24 and 30month visits, 56%, 52% and 54% of women on treatment had adherence ≥90%, respectively. Factors independently associated with good adherence (taking ≥90% of tablets in the preceding 3-months) included older age, understanding trial concepts at enrolment, living >2years in the screening site, receiving ...

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  Fetal Infections and Brain Development

Current microbial diagnostics enable rapid and specific identification of the agents causing intrauterine and perinatal infections, and CT and MRI allow precise characterization of the central nervous system effects of these pathogens. Although infections with Toxoplasma gondii, Toxoplasma pallidum, Toxoplasma cruzi, and cytomegalovirus cannot currently be prevented by immunization, postnatal therapy of infected neonates can substantially improve outcome. Therapy with acyclovir should be initiated whenever perinatal herpes simplex virus encephalitis is suspected. Despite these strategies, intrauterine and perinatal infections remain major causes of permanent deafness, vision loss, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy among children throughout the world. (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)

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  Improvement in Healing and Reduction in HIV Shedding with Episodic Acyclovir Therapy as Part of Syndromic Management among Men: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Conclusions. Addition of acyclovir to syndromic management will improve healing of genital ulcers and may potentially reduce HIV transmission in combination with other interventions. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00164424. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)

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  BioAlliance Pharma Announces Positive Preliminary Pivotal Phase III Results In Herpes Labialis With Acyclovir Lauriad(R)

BioAlliance Pharma SA (Paris:BIO), a company dedicated to the treatment and supportive care of cancer and AIDS patients, is pleased to announce positive preliminary results in its LIP phase III pivotal study (Lauriad® Immunocompetent Patients Study ). (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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  BioAlliance Pharma announces positive preliminary pivotal phase III results in herpes labialis with acyclovir Lauriad

Paris, August 26, 2009 – BioAlliance Pharma SA (Euronext Paris – BIO), a company dedicated to the treatment and supportive care of cancer and AIDS patients, is pleased today to announce positive preliminary results in its LIP phase III... (Source: Drugs.com - Clinical Trials)

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  BioAlliance Pharma Announces Positive Preliminary Pivotal Phase III Results in Herpes Labialis with Acyclovir Lauriad

PARIS--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Aug 26, 2009 - Regulatory News: BioAlliance Pharma SA (Paris:BIO), a company dedicated to the treatment and supportive care of cancer and AIDS patients, is pleased today to announce positive preliminary results in its... (Source: Drugs.com - Clinical Trials)

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  Herpes zoster laryngitis with intractable hiccups

Abstract: A 73-year-old man presented to our hospital with a sore throat (left-sided) and hiccups. The patient had mucosal swelling and erosions affecting the left posterior pillar, base of tongue, epiglottis, arytenoid, and aryepiglottic fold. As the laryngeal mucosal edema became worse, herpetic vesicles and erosions developed on the left cavum conchae, external auditory canal, and palate. The patient was treated with acyclovir and a steroid. His hiccups were treated with metoclopramide, but it had little effect, and hiccups only subsided gradually after the disappearance of erosions. His hiccups relapsed transiently with vomiting, and then resolved completely. Elevation of the CF titer after 2 weeks confirmed the diagnosis of herpes zoster. This condition should be considered in patient...

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  Antiviral therapy in children with hydroa vacciniforme.

We describe here four patients with Epstein-Barr virus-associated hydroa vacciniforme treated with acyclovir/valacyclovir therapy with a good clinical response. The children were reported to have less fatigue, fewer eruptions, less scarring, and increased ability to spend time outdoors without provoking new eruptions. This was also in agreement with clinical observations. However, one patient progressed into an anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in the upper jaw. This was preceded by an increase in EBV viral load. Acyclovir/valacyclovir therapy is a safe treatment. Further studies are required to confirm these results. PMID: 19688153 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Derm Venereol A...)

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  Antiherpetic Properties of Acyclovir 5'-Hydrogenphosphonate and the Mutation Analysis of Herpes Virus Resistant Strains

In this study, we continued to study antiherpetic properties of acyclovir 5'-hydrogenphosphonate (Hp-ACV) in cell cultures and animal models. Hp-ACV was shown to inhibit the development of herpetic infection in mice induced by the HSV-1/L2 strain. The compound suppressed replication of both ACV-sensitive HSV-1/L2 and ACV-resistant HSV-1/L2/R strains in Vero cell culture. Viral population resistant to Hp-ACV (HSV-1/L2/RHp-ACV) was developed much slower than ACV-resistant population. The analysis of Hp-ACV-resistant clones isolated from the HSV-1/L2/RHp-ACV population demonstrated their partial cross-resistance to ACV. The mutations determining the resistance of HSV-1 clones to Hp-ACV were partly overlapped with mutations defining ACV resistance but did not always coincide. HSV-1/L2/RHp-ACV ...

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  Mechanism of herpes simplex virus type 2 suppression by propolis extracts

Abstract: Genital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a chronic, persistent infection spreading efficiently and silently as sexually transmitted disease through the population. Antiviral agents currently applied for the treatment of herpesvirus infections include acyclovir and derivatives. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of propolis were phytochemically analysed, different polyphenols, flavonoids and phenylcarboxylic acids were identified as major constituents. The aqueous propolis extract revealed a relatively high amount of phenylcarboxylic acids and low concentrations flavonoids when compared to the ethanolic special extract GH 2002. The cytotoxic and antiherpetic effect of propolis extracts against HSV-2 was analysed in cell culture, and revealed a moderate cytotoxic...

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  Nonparametric estimator of relative time with application to the Acyclovir Prevention Trial.

CONCLUSIONS: Similar to Cox's relative hazard estimator, the proposed RT does not assume the data are generated from a particular distribution. RTs should be more widely used as a measure of association in clinical trials. Clinical Trials 2009; 6: 320-328. http://ctj.sagepub.com. PMID: 19667028 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Herpes)

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  Chronic Herpes Simplex Scleritis: Characterization of 9 Cases of an Underrecognized Clinical Entity

Conclusions: Unrecognized HSV infection can cause longstanding scleritis. Histopathologic features of HSV scleritis are varied and nonspecific; immunofluorescent demonstration of HSV protein can make a definitive diagnosis. Prolonged administration of acyclovir is required for effective therapy. (Source: American Journal of Ophthalmology)

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  Pyrazolopyrimidines and pyrazolotriazines with potent activity against herpesviruses.

Authors: Gudmundsson KS, Johns BA, Weatherhead J Synthesis of several pyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines with potent activity against herpes simplex viruses is described. Synthetic approaches allowing for variation of the substitution pattern are outlined and resulting changes in antiviral activity are highlighted. Several compounds with in vitro antiviral activity similar or better than acyclovir are described. PMID: 19700316 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters)

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  FDA Approves Hydrocortisone/Acyclovir Cream for Treating Cold Sores

The FDA has approved a hydrocortisone plus acyclovir cream for the early treatment of recurrent cold sores to reduce the likelihood of ulcerative cold sores and to shorten the lesion healing time. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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  Serum ferritin as risk factor for sinusoidal obstruction syndrome of the liver in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a serious complication in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. To determine the impact of pretransplantation hyperferritinemia on the risk of SOS after HSC transplantation, we retrospectively studied 427 HSCT recipients (179 autologous and 248 allogeneic). Serum ferritin levels were measured before transplantation. Patients with and without a diagnosis of SOS were compared regarding demographics; underlying disease; transplant characteristics; receipt of imatinib, busulfan, total body irradiation, gemtuzumab, vancomycin, acyclovir, or methotrexate; and baseline serum ferritin. Univariate and multivariate (stepwise logistic regression) analyses were performed. SOS was diagnosed in 88 patients (21%) at a median of 10 days (ran...

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  Inhibition of HSV-1 ocular infection with morpholino oligomers targeting ICP0 and ICP27.

This study demonstrates that topically applied PPMO holds promise as an antiviral drug candidate against HSV-1 ocular infection. PMID: 19665486 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antiviral Research)

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  The US FDA approves Lipsovir for marketing and sales in US

STOCKHOLM, Sweden, Aug. 3, 2009--The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has now approved Lipsovir, i.e. granted Medivir’s New Drug Application (NDA) for the use of acyclovir and hydrocortisone for early treatment of recurrent cold sores... (Source: Drugs.com - New Drug Approvals)

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  The Application of Phosphoramidate Protide Technology to Acyclovir Confers Anti-HIV Inhibition

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 0, Issue 0, Articles ASAP (As Soon As Publishable). (Source: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry)

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  Mechanisms Associated with HIV-1 Resistance to Acyclovir by the V75I Mutation in Reverse Transcriptase [Enzyme Catalysis and Regulation]

It has recently been demonstrated that the anti-herpetic drug acyclovir (ACV) also displays antiviral activity against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The triphosphate form of ACV is accepted by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), and subsequent incorporation leads to classical chain termination. Like all approved nucleoside analogue RT inhibitors (NRTIs), the selective pressure of ACV is associated with the emergence of resistance. The V75I mutation in HIV-1 RT appears to be dominant in this regard. By itself, this mutation is usually not associated with resistance to currently approved NRTIs. Here we studied the underlying biochemical mechanism. We demonstrate that V75I is also selected under the selective pressure of a monophosphorylated prodrug that was designed to bypas...

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  IAS: Acyclovir Flops in Preventing HIV Transmission (CME/CE)

CAPE TOWN (MedPage Today) -- The anti-herpes drug acyclovir (Zovirax) failed to prevent transmission of HIV among discordant couples, but researchers suggest it may still have a role in treatment by slowing progression to full-blown AIDS. (Source: MedPage Today State Required CME)

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  Reactivation and centripetal spread of herpes simplex virus complicating acoustic neuroma resection

Conclusion: Herpes encephalitis is a rare complication of neurosurgical procedures, and the most likely etiology is reactivation of latent infection from manipulation of cranial nerves. (Source: Surgical Neurology)

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  Comparison of lavage and swabs for the collection of genital ulcer specimens to measure HIV RNA shedding

Conclusion: Ulcer lavage and ulcer swab performed in moderate agreement in the detection and quantitation of HIV RNA from ulcer specimens. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)

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  In vitro anti-herpetic activity of an aqueous extract from the plant Phyllanthus orbicularis

In this study we investigated the in vitro antiviral activity of the Cuban-endemic plant Phyllanthus orbicularis H.B.K. against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) reference strains and clinical isolates with different sensitivities to acyclovir. The inhibitory activity on Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication was also investigated. The selectivity indexes (SI) found for Ph. orbicularis aqueous extract ranged from 8.7 to 37.6. Studies on the antiviral mechanisms involved revealed that the drug acted at early stages of herpesvirus replication, possibly by producing a virucidal effect, although further inhibition of intracellular replication events could not be ruled out. (Source: Phytomedicine)

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  [Clinical] Recurrent lumbosacral herpes simplex in two men

Two cases of recurrent lumbosacral herpes simplex without concomitant genital lesions are reported. Both patients presented with vesicular lesions on the middle of the lower back and on the left thigh, respectively, and had positive serum antibody to herpes simplex virus type 2 and negative antibody to HIV. The lesions healed completely within 1 week by oral administration of acyclovir. (Source: Sexually Transmitted Infections)

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  Herpes simplex virus type-1 pneumonitis in immunocompetent young woman

Abstract: A healthy young woman presented with an overwhelming hyperacute herpes simplex virus-1 pneumonia that dramatically responded to intravenous acyclovir. It is postulated that the infection was a reactivation of latent virus in the vagal ganglia, in the absence of retrograde extension of herpes labialis/gingivostomatitis, or hematogenous spread from extragenital and other sources of infection. It is also postulated that the patient's amazing improvement overnight was a real-time coincidence of spontaneous recovery from the viral infection and prompt initiation of acyclovir treatment. (Source: Heart & Lung)

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  Modalities to Decrease Stromal Herpes Simplex Keratitis Reactivation Rates [Clinical Sciences]

Conclusion  Permanent punctal occlusion by thermal cautery and the use of topical cyclosporine independently reduced recurrences of stromal HSK. (Source: Archives of Opthalmology)

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  CLINICAL SCIENCES: Modalities to Decrease Stromal Herpes Simplex Keratitis Reactivation Rates

Conclusion  Permanent punctal occlusion by thermal cautery and the use of topical cyclosporine independently reduced recurrences of stromal HSK. (Source: Archives of Opthalmology)

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  [Choreoathetosis after Herpes Simplex encephalitis.]

We report an 8-month-old boy, with herpes simplex encephalitis type 1, who started with an extrapyramidal Syndrome, presenting with choreoathetosis and ballistic movements, three weeks after onset. These new symptoms were attributed to a post-infectious immune-mediated process. We treated our patient with corticosteroids at high dose and gamma-globulins, in addition to a new course of Acyclovir. Sedation was required to control the intense choreoathetosic movements. Tetrabenazine was also tried, unsuccessfully. We studied a mutation on the toll like receptors (TLR3), which has been related to susceptibility for the disease, which was negative. PMID: 19604737 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anales de Pediatria)

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  Common Causes of Uncommon Seizures

Afebrile seizures associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis, respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis, influenza infection, asthma, blood transfusions, and intake of a number of drugs (including theophylline, cephalosporins, metronidazole, and acyclovir) with therapeutic drug levels are uncommonly encountered in clinical practice. Reviewed here are the incidence, etiology, clinical presentation, types, diagnosis, associated electroencephalographic changes, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging findings in the literature, as well as management and prognosis of these seizures. (Source: Pediatric Neurology)

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  Acute Retinal Necrosis: Clinical Features, Early Vitrectomy, and Outcomes

Conclusions: Varicella zoster virus is the leading cause of ARN. Visual prognosis is guarded. Early vitrectomy with intravitreal acyclovir lavage was associated with a lower incidence of secondary RD; however, it did not improve mean final visual acuity.Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references. (Source: Ophthalmology)

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  Unusual Epstein-Barr esophageal infection in an immunocompetent patient: a case report

Conclusions: The prevalence of esophagitis remains undefined in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent individuals and should be taken into consideration in a patient presenting with esophageal symptoms. This case report stresses the role of Epstein-Barr virus infection in the pathogenesis of esophagitis, a rare condition in an immunocompetent host. In this setting, active infection may represent a primary infection or reactivation. Histopathological examination alone may miss the diagnosis, while polymerase chain reaction techniques optimize the diagnostic sensitivity, establish a diagnosis, and lead to an appropriate therapy. (Source: Journal of Medical Case Reports)

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  Acyclovir-induced renal failure in an obese patient.

CONCLUSION: An obese man receiving excessive doses of i.v. acyclovir developed acute but reversible renal failure. PMID: 19574603 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP)

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  Herpes simplex type-2 meningitis: presentation and lack of standardized therapy.

CONCLUSIONS: HSV-2 meningitis presents most often without a history of genital herpes, recurrent meningitis, or genital symptoms. Current management practices are highly variable and may lead to unnecessary hospitalization and prolonged intravenous therapy. PMID: 19559173 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Herpes)

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  [CASE REPORTS] Valacyclovir-Induced Psychosis and Manic Symptoms in an Adolescent Young Woman With Genital Herpes Simplex

DISCUSSION:There are reports of neuropsychiatric side effects with valacyclovir’s structural analogs in elderly patients with renal dysfunction. Clinicians should be aware that valacyclovir may induce psychosis with manic presentation in young, healthy patients without a psychiatric history. (Source: Psychosomatics)

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  Effect of carrageenan on poloxamer-based in situ gel for vaginal use: Improved in vitro and in vivo sustained-release properties.

In conclusion, carrageenan was able to improve the sustained-release properties of poloxamer 407-based in situ gel, indicating that the combination of carrageenan and poloxamer 407 may find use in the development of vaginal in situ gel drug delivery systems with prolonged local residence and thus better clinical outcome. PMID: 19491020 [PubMed - in process] (Source: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences)

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  Development of novel microemulsion-based topical formulations of acyclovir for the treatment of cutaneous herpetic infections.

Authors: Shishu , Rajan S, Kamalpreet The present investigation aims at developing microemulsion-based formulations for topical delivery of acyclovir. Various microemulsions were developed using isopropyl myristate/Captex 355/Labrafac as an oil phase, Tween 20 as surfactant, Span 20 as cosurfactant, and water/dimethylsulfoxide (1:3) as an aqueous phase. Transcutol, eucalyptus oil, and peppermint oil were used as permeation enhancers. In vitro permeation studies through laca mice skin were performed using Franz diffusion cells. The optimum formulation containing 2.5% Transcutol as the penetration enhancer showed 1.7-fold enhancement in flux and permeation coefficient as compared to marketed cream and ointment formulation. In vivo antiviral studies were performed in female Balb/c mice a...

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  Herpes Simplex Type-2 Meningitis: Presentation and Lack of Standardized Therapy

Conclusions: HSV-2 meningitis presents most often without a history of genital herpes, recurrent meningitis, or genital symptoms. Current management practices are highly variable and may lead to unnecessary hospitalization and prolonged intravenous therapy. (Source: The American Journal of Medicine)

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  Antiretroviral-induced genital ulceration

We report a 45-year-old male with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), with a viral load of 300, CD4 count of 550, and penile ulcers since 1999. A biopsy of one of the ulcers in 2005 reported changes consistent with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection; however, the ulcers were unresponsive to multiple courses of acyclovir and intravenous Foscarnet (AstraZeneca, London, UK). His bloodwork argued against rheumatologic causes for the ulcerations, including a negative antinuclear antibody, negative rheumatoid factor, and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate within normal limits. The patient also tested negative for syphilis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, gonorrhea, and chlamydia. The patient received the following medications without improvement: doxycycline, ceftriaxone, valtrex, an...

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  Herpes simplex esophagitis in the elderly

Herpes simplex esophagitis (HSE) occurs mostly in immunocompromised patients and rarely in immunocompetent patients. We encountered an elderly patient, a biologically immunocompromised patient with HSE who had characteristic endoscopic features and responded to acyclovir therapy. An 82-year-old woman presented with high-grade fever and epigastric discomfort for several days. A diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia was made based on imaging studies and cultures. Despite antibiotic treatment, epigastric discomfort persisted. Endoscopy revealed multiple exudative and circumscribed shallow ulcers with slightly raised edges in the mid-distal esophagus. Esophageal biopsy specimens showed multinucleated giant cells with Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusion bodies in epithelial cells, which were positi...

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  Impact of Acyclovir on Genital and Plasma HIV‐1 RNA, Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 DNA, and Ulcer Healing among HIV‐1–Infected African Women with Herpes Ulcers: A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Trial

Conclusion. Episodic therapy for herpes reduced the quantity of cervicovaginal HSV‐2 DNA and slightly improved ulcer healing, but it did not decrease genital and plasma HIV‐1 RNA loads. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00158483. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)

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  Impact of Acyclovir on Genital and Plasma HIV‐1 RNA, Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 DNA, and Ulcer Healing among HIV‐1–Infected African Women with Herpes Ulcers: A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Trial

Conclusion. Episodic therapy for herpes reduced the quantity of cervicovaginal HSV‐2 DNA and slightly improved ulcer healing, but it did not decrease genital and plasma HIV‐1 RNA loads. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00158483. (Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases Latest Issue)

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  Effect of (r)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine (H2G) and AZT–lipid–PFA on human herpesvirus-6B infected cells

Conclusion: These data suggest the potential application of these anti-viral compounds in controlling HHV-6 infection. (Source: Journal of Clinical Virology)

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  Incidence and Risk of Postherpetic Neuralgia after Varicella Zoster Virus Infection in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients: Hokkaido Hematology Study Group

This study for the first time clarified the risk of PHN in HCT recipients. (Source: Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation)

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  Herpes Drug Acyclovir Does Not Reduce Risk Of HIV Transmission, Does Slow HIV Progression, Study Says

The drug acyclovir, which suppresses herpes simplex virus-2, does not reduce the risk of HIV transmission when taken by HIV-positive people who also have herpes, according to a study conducted by researchers at the University of Washington, United Press International reports. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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  South Africa: Acyclovir Fails to Prevent HIV Transmission - Living With Aids # 389

Acyclovir, medication used to treat herpes, has no effect on preventing HIV transmission, according to a new study. (Source: AllAfrica News: HIV-Aids and STDs)

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  Herpes drug doesn't reduce HIV transmission

SEATTLE, May 13 (UPI) -- Acyclovir, a drug that suppresses herpes simplex virus-2, does not reduce HIV risk when taken by people infected by HIV and herpes, U.S. researchers said. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

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  International Study Shows That Herpes Drug Does Not Reduce HIV Transmission

An international multi-center clinical trial has found that acyclovir, a drug widely used to safely and effectively suppress herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), the most common cause of genital herpes, does not reduce the risk of HIV transmission when taken by people affected by both HSV-2 and HIV. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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  Risk Of HIV Transmission Not Reduced By Herpes Medication

A recently completed international multi-center clinical trial has found that acyclovir, a drug widely used as a safe and effective treatment to suppress herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), which is the most common cause of genital herpes, does not reduce the risk of HIV transmission when taken by people infected with both HIV and HSV-2. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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  HIV transmission risk not reduced by Herpes medication usage

A recently completed international multi-center clinical trial has found that acyclovir, a drug widely used as a safe and effective treatment to suppress herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), which is the most common cause of genital herpes, does not reduce the risk of HIV transmission when taken by people infected with both HIV and HSV-2. (Source: Huliq Health News)

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  Herpes medication does not reduce risk of HIV transmission from individuals with HIV and genital herpes, UW-led international study finds

A recently completed international multi-center clinical trial has found that acyclovir, a drug widely used as a safe and effective treatment to suppress herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), which is the most common cause of genital herpes, does not reduce the risk of HIV transmission when taken by people infected with both HIV and HSV-2. (Source: uwnews.org | Health and Medicine)

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  Herpes medication does not reduce risk of HIV transmission

(University of Washington) A recently completed international multi-center clinical trial has found that acyclovir, a drug widely used as a safe and effective treatment to suppress herpes simplex virus-2, which is the most common cause of genital herpes, does not reduce the risk of HIV transmission when taken by people infected with both HIV and HSV-2. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

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  Pneumonia failing to respond to treatment

We present a case of HSV-1 pneumonia in a young asthmatic patient who was potentially immunocompromised through long-term corticosteroid usage. The quantitative PCR titre from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was high (9×103copies/ml) and the patient made a dramatic clinical and radiographic recovery upon treatment with acyclovir. We suggest that similar PCR levels in the appropriate clinical setting should prompt consideration of anti-viral therapy. (Source: Respiratory Medicine CME)

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  Off-label Indication: Acyclovir as an Anti-HIV Drug?

Could ACV or its derivatives become a part of drug cocktails to suppress HIV? Future Virology (Source: Medscape Dermatology Headlines)

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  Long-term outcomes of cytomegalovirus infection and disease after lung or heart–lung transplantation with a delayed ganciclovir regimen

Conclusions: The use of prophylactic acyclovir and short preemptive courses of ganciclovir effectively controlled CMV disease in R+ patients, but was a relative failure in R[minus]D+ patients. CMV infection was significantly associated with chronic graft dysfunction, even in R+ recipients who had good control of CMV symptoms. (Source: Clinical Transplantation)

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  Acyclovir for Bell's palsy

Bell's palsy often occurs idiopathically, with no identifiable etiologic agent, although trauma, compression, infection, and inflammatory or metabolic disorders are known to produce it. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most frequently identified cause of inflammation, but several viruses have been suspected. This neuropathy of the peripheral seventh cranial nerve is usually unilateral, but can affect either side of the face. Bell's palsy can be complete or partial. The onset is generally rapid and is described as numbness or stiffness, although no sensory loss actually occurs. The diagnosis is based on a focused physical examination to rule out other conditions. The best treatment remains undetermined, with up to two thirds of patients recovering spontaneously. Two cases managed with an a...

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  Thrombosis associated with varicella zoster in an adult

Summary: The incidence of varicella zoster in adults is increasing, and may be associated with a number of significant complications. An adult male presented with varicella zoster complicated by pneumonitis and thrombosis, leading to a below-knee amputation. Thrombosis with varicella zoster has been associated with vasculitis and free protein S deficiency. Other microthrombotic complications, such as purpura fulminans, are more common in children. Current treatment recommendations include acetaminophen (paracetamol) and lotions for symptomatic treatment. Intravenous acyclovir is recommended in the treatment of complicated varicella zoster, although it has not been shown to reduce the incidence of complications. (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)

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Top Viagra Store

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